भुवनेश्वर (साहित्यकार)
bhuvaneshvar (sahityakar)
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| poora nam | bhuvaneshvar prasad shrivastav |
| janm | 1910 |
| janm bhoomi | shahajahaanpur, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 1957 |
| mrityu sthan | lakhanoo, uttar pradesh |
| karm-kshetr | ekaankikar, kahanikar, alochak, kavi |
| mukhy rachanaean | shyama : ek vaivahik vidanbana, ek samyahin samyavadi, pratibha ka vivah (sabhi ekaanki), bhe diye, ‘mausi’, ‘l daee’, ‘maan bete’, ‘mastani’ (sabhi kahani) adi |
| bhasha | hiandi |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | premachand ne bhuvaneshvar ko bhavishy ka rachanakar mana tha. isaki ek khas vajah thi ki bhuvaneshvar apane rachanakal se bahut age ki soch ke rachanakar the. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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| chitr:Disamb2.jpg bhuvaneshvar | ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- bhuvaneshvar (bahuvikalpi) |
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bhuvaneshvar prasad shrivastav (aangrezi:Bhuvaneshvar Prasad Shrivastava, janm: 1910 - mrityu: 1957) hiandi ke prasiddh ekaankikar, lekhak evan kavi the. bhuvaneshvar sahity jagath ka aisa nam hai, jisane apane chhote se jivan kal mean lik se alag kism ka sahity srijan kiya. bhuvaneshvar ne madhy varg ki vidanbanaoan ko katu saty ke pratiroop mean ukera. unhean adhunik ekaankiyoan ke janak hone ka gaurav bhi hasil hai. ekaanki, kahani, kavita, samiksha jaisi kee vidhaoan mean bhuvaneshvar ne sahity ko ne tevar vali rachanaean dian. ek aisa sahityakar jisane apani rachanaoan se adhunik sanvedanaoan ki nee paripati vikasit ki. premachand jaise sahityakar ne unako bhavishy ka rachanakar mana tha. isaki ek khas vajah yah thi ki bhuvaneshvar apane rachanakal se bahut age ki soch ke rachanakar the. unaki rachanayoan mean kalatitata ka bodh hai, parantu ashcharyajanak roop se yah bhootakal se n ju d kar bhavishy ke sath jyada prasangik nazar ati haian. ‘karavaan’ ki bhoomika mean svayan bhuvaneshvar ne likha hai ki ‘vivek aur tark tisari shreni ke kalakaroan ke chor daravaze haian”. unaka yah manana unaki rachanaoan mean spashtataya drashtigochar bhi hota bhi hai. iansan ko vastu mean badalate jane ki jo tasvir unhoanne ukeri, vo aj ke samay mean aur bhi adhik prasangik ho jati hai.
jivan parichay
bhuvaneshvar ka janm shahajahaanpur (uttar pradesh) ke keruganj (khoya mandi) mean, 1910 mean ek khate-pite parivar mean hua tha. parantu bachapan mean hi maan ki maut se achanak paristhitiyaan unake viparit ho gee. iantaramidiet ka ye vidyarthi shahajahaanpur ko alavida karake ilahabad chala gaya. us samay ke bhuvaneshvar ka bauddhik jnan, hindi-aangreji bhashaoan par saman adhikar, iansani rishtoan ko samajhane ka adabhut najariya samakalin lekhakoan ke lie acharaj se kam nahian tha. parantu vyaktigat roop se svayan bhuvaneshvar ka jivan abhavoan evan kathinataoan ka pulianda tha. ilahabad, banaras, lakhanoo mean bhatakate bhuvaneshvar ke lie mitr mandali ke ghar asara, aur kathinaiyoan ka choli daman ka sath raha. parantu in pareshaniyoan mean bhi unaki sahity yatra anavarat jari rahi. ek bar svayan premachand ne unase apane lekhan mean ‘katuta’ kam karane ki ray di thi, jis par unhoanne kaha ki is ‘katuta’ ki upaj ke pichhe ke karanoan ki bhi p datal honi chahiye. shayad yahi karan, vo tamam visangatiyaan thi, jinaka samana unhean apane jivan mean karana p da. 1957 mean lakhanoo steshan par bhuvaneshvar ne duniya ko alavida kah diya.
sahityik parichay
bhuvaneshvar ki sahity sadhana bahuayami thi. kahani, kavita, ekaanki aur samiksha sab mean unaki lekhani ek ne kalevar ka ehasas dilati hai. chhoti si ghatana ko bhi nee, parantu vastavikata ke sarvadhik sannikat drashti se dekhane ka najariya bhuvaneshvar ki visheshata hai. 'hans’ mean 1933 mean bhuvaneshvar ka pahala ekaanki ‘shyama: ek vaivahik vidambana’ prakashit hua tha. 1935 mean prakashit ekaanki sangrah ‘karavaan’ ne unhean ekaankikar ke roop mean pratishthit kar diya. bhuvaneshvar dvara likhit natak ‘taanbe ka ki da’ (1946) ko vishv ki kisi bhi bhasha mean bhi likhe gaye pahale asangat natak ka samman prapt hai. unake dvara likhit ekaankiyoan mean ‘shyamahek vaivahik vidamvana’, ‘romaansahromaanch’, ‘straik’, ‘oosar’, ‘sikandar’ adi ka nam ullekhaniy hai. bhuvaneshvar ki pahali kahani ‘mausi’ ko premachand ne samakalin kahaniyoan ke pratinidhi sankalan ‘hiandi ki adarsh kahaniyaan’ mean sthan diya. unaki kahani ‘bhediye’ hans ke aprail 1938 aank mean prakashit huee. is kahani ne adhunik kahaniyoan ki parampara mean mazaboot niv ka nirman kiya. kaise registan se gujarata banjara bhe diyoan se jan bachane ke lie unake age chugga pheankata hai. kahani aur jivan donoan mean pheankane ke is kram mean sabase pahale pheanki jati haian vo chijean jo apekshakrit kam mahatv ki haian. is kahani ne jivan ki kadavi sachchaee ko bina lag-lapet ke prastut kiya. kuchh sahityakar to is kahani ke marm ko kisi mainejameant klas ke chuninda nishkarshoan mean bhi sarvashreshth manate haian. ‘mausi’, ‘l daee’, ‘maan bete’, ‘mastani’ adi any ullekhaniy kahaniyaan haian.
isake atirikt bhuvaneshvar ne aangrezi tatha hindi mean kuchh kavitaean tatha alochanatmak lekh bhi likhe haian. parantu unake krititv ko pahachanane mean logoan ne bhool kar di. shayad yahi karan tha, ki is anokhe rachanakar ko poora jivan sangharsho aur vivadoan mean gujarana p da. premachand ne unase hans se sthaee roop se ju dane ka agrah kiya tha. parantu anajane karanoan se ye sanvad poora na ho saka. halaanki unaki rachanayean hans mean lagatar prakashit hoti rahian. lekin agar vo hans ke sath ju d jate to unaka rachana sansar kahian adhik vistrit roop mean hamare samane hota. unake aantim samay ki rachanaoan ko sahejana vala unake sath koee nahian tha, jisake phalasvaroop us dauran raf kagajoan ke pichhe likha gaya hiandi aur aangreji ka poornataya maulik sahity aandheroan mean gum ho gaya. bhuvaneshvar ki upalabdh sabhi rachanaoan ko aj punah logoan tak panhuchane ki avashyakata hai.
kritiyaan
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sahityik visheshata
lekhak ki rachanaoan ke anushilan se yahi dharana banati hai ki pashchim ke adhunik sahity ka unhoanne achchha adhyayan kiya hai. ibsan, sha. di. ech., lareans tatha phrayad ke prati vishesh anurakt pratit hote haian. zindagi ko unhoanne k davahat, tikhepan, vikriti aur vidrupata se hi dekha tha. sambhavatah isi karan unamean samaj ke prati tivr vitrishna, prabal akrosh aur ugr vidroh ka bhav prakat hua hai. jivan ki is katu anubhooti ne hi unhean phakkh d, nirdvandv aur sanyamahin bana diya tha. bhuvaneshvar ne hindi pashchaty shaili ke ekaanki ki paranpara banayi. unaki pratham rachana 'shyama--ek vaivahik vidanbana', 'hans' ke disanbar, 1933 ee. ke aank mean prakashit huee. isake bad any ekaanki rachanaean 'shaitan' (1934 ee.), 'ek samyahin samyavadi' (hans, march 1934 ee.), 'pratibha ka vivah' (1933 ee.), 'rahasy romaanch' (1935 ee.), 'latari' (1935 ee.) prakashit hueean. inhean sangrahit karake unhoanne san 1956 ee. mean 'karavaan' sanjna dekar prakashit kiya. in sabhi ekaankiyoan par pashchim ki ekaanki shaili ki chhap hai. vishay-vastu aur samasya ke vishleshan mean pashchim ke buddhivadi natakakaroan ibsan aur sha ka prabhav hai. parishisht karane vale jo sootr-vaky diye haian, ve sha ke vyang aur phrayad ki yaun-pradhan vicharadhara ka smaran dilate haian. bhuvaneshvar ke aur bhi ekaanki prakashit hote rahe- 'mrityu' ('hans 1936 ee.), 'ham akele nahian haian' tatha 'sava ath baje' ('bharat'), 'straik' aur 'oosar' ('hans' 1938 ee.) in rachanaoan mean unaki drishti ka visstar dekhane ko milata hai. yaun-samasya tatha prem ke trikon se oopar uthakar ve samaj ke dukh-dard ko bhi dekhane lage. san 1938 ee. mean sumitranandan pant dvara sanpadit 'roopabh' patrika mean unhoanne ek b de natak 'adamakhor' ka pahala aank prakashit karaya. isase unhoanne jivan ki katu vastavikataoan ke udaghatan ka ghor yatharthavadi drishtikon apanaya hai. san 1940 ee. mean unhoanne gogol ke prasiddh natak 'ianspektar janaral' ko lagabhag paun ghante ke ekaanki ka roop diya. san 1941 ee. mean 'vishvavani' mean 'roshani aur ag' shirshak ek prayog upasthit kiya, jisamean grik natakoan jaisa poorvalap (koras) tha. 'kathaputaliyaan' (1942 ee.) mean unhoanne pratikavadi shaili apanayi. in prayogatmak rachanaoan ke anantar bhuvanevar ki natyakala paripakv roop mean dekhane ko mili. 'photographar ke samane' (1945 ee.),'taanbe ke ki de' (1946 ee.) mean manushy ki badhati huee arthalolupata ka udghatan hai. san 1948 ee. mean 'itihas ki keanchul' ekaki likha aur isake anantar unake kee etihasik ekaanki prakashit hue- 'azadi ki nianv' (1949 ee.), 'jeroosalam' (1949 ee.),'sikandar (1949 ee.),'akabar' (1950 ee.) tatha changez khaan (1950 ee.). in rachanaoan mean rashtriyata ka svar bhi ubhara hai. aantim kriti 'sio ki ga di' (1950 ee.) hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ pustak- hiandi sahity kosh-2 | sampadak- dhireandr varma | prishth- 414
bahari k diyaan
- hamari virasat : bhuvaneshvar
- bhuvaneshvar : shamasher ki najar mean
- hiandi ekaanki ke janak the bhuvaneshvar
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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