महाजनपद

mahajanapad
mahabharatakalin bharat ka manachitr|200px|center
vivaran	bharat ke solah mahajanapadoan ka ullekh eesa poorv chhathi shatabdi se bhi pahale ka hai.
ullekh	bauddh aur jain dharm ke praranmbhik granthoan mean mahajanapad nam ke solah rajyoan ka vivaran milata hai.
shasan	adhikaanshatah mahajanapadoan par raja ka hi shasan rahata tha parantu gan aur sangh nam se prasiddh rajyoan mean logoan ka samooh shasan karata tha, is samooh ka har vyakti raja kahalata tha.
any janakari	shasak kisanoan, vyapariyoan aur shilpakaroan se kar tatha bheant vasool karate the. sanpatti jutane ka ek upay p dosi rajyoan par akraman kar dhan ekatr karana bhi tha.

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praranmbhik bharatiy itihas mean chhathi shatabdi eesapoorv ko parivartanakari kal ke roop mean mahattvapoorn mana jata hai. yah kal pray: praranmbhik rajyoan, lohe ke badhate prayog aur sikkoan ke vikas ke ke lie jana jata hai. isi samay mean bauddh aur jain sahit anek darshanik vicharadharaoan ka vikas hua. bauddh aur jain dharm ke praranmbhik granthoan mean mahajanapad nam ke solah rajyoan ka vivaran milata hai. mahajanapadoan ke namoan ki soochi in granthoan mean saman nahian hai parantu vajji, magadh, koshal, kuru, paanchal, gaandhar aur avanti jaise nam aksar milate haian. isase yah jnat hota hai ki ye mahajanapad mahattvapoorn mahajanapadoan ke roop mean jane jate hoange. adhikaanshatah mahajanapadoan par raja ka hi shasan rahata tha parantu gan aur sangh nam se prasiddh rajyoan mean logoan ka samooh shasan karata tha, is samooh ka har vyakti raja kahalata tha. bhagavan mahavir aur bhagavan buddh inhian ganoan se sanbandhit the. vajji sangh ki hi tarah kuchh rajyoan mean zamin sahit arthik srotoan par raja aur gan samoohik niyantran rakhate the. srotoan ki kami ke karan in rajyoan ke itihas likhe nahian ja sake parantu aise rajy sambhavatah ek hazar sal tak bane rahe the.

rajadhani

har ek mahajanapad ki ek rajadhani thi jise qile se ghera diya jata tha. qileband rajadhani ki dekhabhal, sena aur naukarashahi ke lie bhari dhan ki zaroorat hoti thi. sambhavatah chhathi shatabdi eesa poorv se brahmanoan ne sanskrit bhasha mean dharmashastr granthoan ki rachana prarambh ki. in granthoan mean raja v praja ke lie niyamoan ka nidharran kiya gaya aur yah ummid ki jati thi ki raja kshatriy varn ke hi hoange. shasak kisanoan, vyapariyoan aur shilpakaroan se kar tatha bheant vasool karate the. sanpatti jutane ka ek upay p dosi rajyoan par akraman kar dhan ekatr karana bhi tha. kuchh rajy apani sthayi senaean aur naukarashahi tantr bhi rakhate the aur kuchh rajy sahayak-sena par nirbhar karate the jinhean krishak varg se niyukt kiya jata tha.

solah mahajanapad

bharat ke solah mahajanapadoan ka ullekh eesa poorv chhathi shatabdi se bhi pahale ka hai. ye mahajanapad the-

1. kuru- merath aur thaneshvar; rajadhani indraprasth.
2. paanchal- bareli, badayooan aur farrukhabad; rajadhani ahichchhatr tatha kaanpily.
3. shoorasen- mathura ke asapas ka kshetr; rajadhani mathura.
4. vats – ilahabad aur usake asapas; rajadhani kaushaanbi.
5. koshal - avadh; rajadhani saket aur shravasti.
6. mall – zila devariya; rajadhani kushinagar aur pava (adhunik padarauna)
7. kashi- varanasi; rajadhani varanasi.
8. aang - bhagalapur; rajadhani chanpa.
9. magadh – dakshin bihar, rajadhani girivraj (adhunik rajagrih).
10. vrijji – zila darabhanga aur mujaphpharapur; rajadhani mithila, janakapuri aur vaishali.
11. chedi - buandelakhand; rajadhani shuktimati (vartaman baanda ke pas).
12. matsy - jayapur; rajadhani virat nagar.
13. ashmak – godavari ghati; rajadhani paandany.
14. avanti - malava; rajadhani ujjayini.
15. gaandhar- pakistan sthit pashchimottar kshetr; rajadhani takshashila.
16. kanboj – kadachit adhunik afaganistan; rajadhani rajapur.

inamean se kram sankhya 1 se 7 tak tatha sankhya 11,ye ath janapad akele uttar pradesh mean sthit the. kashi, koshal aur vats ki sarvadhik khyati thi.

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