महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी

mahavir prasad dvivedi
mahavir prasad dvivedi|200px|center
poora nam	mahavir prasad dvivedi
janm	1864
janm bhoomi	daulatapur gaanv, rayabareli, uttar pradesh
mrityu	21 disambar, 1938
mrityu sthan	rayabareli
abhibhavak	ramasahay dvivedi
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	sahityakar, patrakar
mukhy rachanaean	pady- devi stuti-shatak, kanyakubjavalivratam, kavy manjoosha, suman adi. gady-hindi bhasha ki utpatti, sampattishastr, sahityalap, mahilamod adi.
bhasha	hiandi, sanskrit, gujarati, marathi aur aangrezi
nagarikata	bharatiy
any janakari	'sarasvati' sampadak ke roop mean inhoanne hindi ke utthan ke lie jo kuchh kiya, us par koee sahity garv kar sakata hai.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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mahavir prasad dvivedi (aangrezi: Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, janm: 1864; mrityu: 21 disambar, 1938) hindi gady sahity ke mahanh sahityakar, patrakar evan yugavidhayak haian.

jivan parichay

mahavir prasad dvivedi ka janm sanh 1864 ee. mean uttar pradesh ke rayabareli zile ke daulatapur gaanv mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam ramasahay dvivedi tha. kaha jata hai ki unhean mahavir ka isht tha, isilie unhoanne apane putr ka nam mahavir sahay rakha.

shiksha

mahavir prasad dvivedi ji ki prarambhik shiksha gaanv ki pathashala mean hi huee. pradhanadhyapak ne bhool se inaka nam mahavir prasad likh diya tha. hindi sahity mean yah bhool sthayi ban gayi. terah varsh ki avastha mean aangrezi padhane ke lie yah rayabareli ke zila skool mean bharti hue. yahaan sanskrit ke abhav mean inako vaikalpik vishay farasi lena p da. inhoanne is skool mean jyoan-tyoan ek varsh kata. usake bad kuchh dinoan tak unnav zile ke 'ranajit purava skool' mean aur kuchh dinoan tak fatehapur mean padhane ke bad yah pita ke pas bambee chale ge. bambee mean inhoanne sanskrit, gujarati, marathi aur aangrezi ka abhyas kiya.

karyakshetr

mahavir prasad dvivedi ji ki utkrisht jnan-pipasa kabhi tript n huee, kintu jivika ke lie inhoanne relave mean naukari kar li. kuchh dinoan tak nagapur aur ajamer mean kary karane ke bad yah pun: bambee laut ae. yahaan par inhoanne tar dene ki vidhi sikhi aur relave mean siganalar ho ge. relave mean vibhinn padoan par kary karane ke bad antat: yah jhaansi mean distrikt suparintendent ke aaufis mean chif klark ho ge. paanch varsh bad uchchadhikari se n patane ke karan inhoanne naukari se istifa de diya. inaki sahity sadhana ka kram sarakari naukari ke niras vatavaran mean bhi chal raha tha aur is avadhi mean inake sanskrit granthoan ke kee anuvad aur kuchh alochanaean prakash mean a chuki thian. san 1903 ee. mean mahavir prasad dvivedi ne 'sarasvati' ka sampadan svikar kiya. 'sarasvati' sampadak ke roop mean inhoanne hindi ke utthan ke lie jo kuchh kiya, us par koee sahity garv kar sakata hai. 1920 ee. tak gurutar dayitv inhoanne nishthapoorvak nibhaya. 'sarasvati' se alag hone par jivan ke antim atharah varsh inhoanne gaanv ke niras vatavaran mean vyatit kie. ye varsh b di kathinaee mean bite.

vyaktitv

mahavir prasad dvivedi ke krititv se adhik mahimamay unaka vyaktitv hai. astikata, kartavyaparayanata, nyayanishtha, atmasanyam, parahit-katarata aur lok-sangrah bharatiy naitikata ke shashvat vidhan haian. yah naitikata ke moortiman pratik the. inake vicharoan aur kathanoan ke pichhe inake vyaktitv ki garima bhi kary karati thi. vah yug hi naitik moolyoan ke agrah ka tha. sahity ke kshetr mean sudharavadi pravrittiyoan ka pravesh naitik drishtikon ki pradhanata ke karan hi ho raha tha. bhasha-parimarjan ke mooloan mean bhi yahi drishtikon kary kar raha tha. inaka krititv shlaghy hai to inaka vyaktitv poojy. prachinata ki upeksha n karate hue bhi inhoanne navinata ko prashray diya tha. 'bharat-bharati' ke prakashan par inhoanne likha tha- “yah kavy vartaman hindi-sahity mean yugantar utpann karane vala hai”. is yugantar mool mean inaka hi vyaktitv kary kar raha tha. dvivedi ji ne anant akash aur anant prithvi ke sabhi upakaranoan ko kavy-vishay ghoshit karake isi yugantar ki soochana di thi. yah navayug ke vidhayak achary the. us yug ka b de se b da sahityakar apake prasad ki hi kamana karata tha. sanh 1903 ee. se 1925 ee. tak (lagabhag 22 varsh ki avadhi mean) dvivedi ji ne hindi-sahity ka netritv kiya.

alochak

alochak ke roop mean 'riti' ke sthan par inhoanne upadeyata, lok-hit, uddeshy ki gambhirata, shaili ki navinata aur nirdoshita ko kavyotkrishtata ki kasauti ke roop mean pratishthit kiya. inaki alochanaoan se lok-ruchi ka parishkar hua. nootan kavy vivek jagrit hua. sampadak ke roop mean inhoanne nirantar pathakoan ka hit chintan kiya. inhoanne navin lekhakoan aur kaviyoan ko protsahit kiya. rashtrakavi maithilisharan gupt inhean apana guru manate haian. guptaji ka kahana hai ki “meri ulti-sidhi prarambhik rachanaoan ka poorn shodhan karake unhean 'sarasvati' mean prakashit karana aur patr dvara mere utsah ko badhana dvivedi maharaj ka hi kam tha”. inhoanne patrika ko nirdosh, poorn, saras, upayogi aur niyamit banaya. anuvadak ke roop mean inhoanne bhasha ki praanjalata aur mool bhasha ki raksha ko sarvadhik mahattv diya.

moolyaankan

thumb|mahavir prasad dvivedi hindi sahity mean mahavir prasad dvivedi ka moolyaankan tatkalin paristhitiyoan ke sandarbh mean hi kiya ja sakata hai. vah samay hindi ke kalatmak vikas ka nahian, hindi ke abhavoan ki poorti ka tha. inhoanne jnan ke vividh kshetroan- itihas, arthashastr, vijnan, puratattv, chikitsa, rajaniti, jivani adi se samagri lekar hindi ke abhavoan ki poorti ki. hindi gady ko maanjane-sanvarane aur parishkrit karane mean yah ajivan sanlagn rahe. yahaan tak ki inhoanne apana bhi parishkar kiya. hindi gady aur pady ki bhasha ek karane ke lie (kh diboli ke prachar-prasar ke lie) prabal andolan kiya. hindi gady ki anek vidhaoan ko samunnat kiya. isake lie inako aangrezi, marathi, gujarati aur bangala adi bhashaoan mean prakashit shreshth kritiyoan ka barabar anushilan karana p data tha. nibandhakar, alochak, anuvadak aur sampadak ke roop mean inhoanne apana path svayan prashast kiya tha. nibandhakar dvivedi ke samane sadaiv pathakoan ke jnan-varddhan ka drishtikon pradhan raha, isilie vishay-vaividhy, saralata aur upadeshatmakata unake nibandhoan ki pramukh visheshataean ban gayian.

kritiyaan

mahavir prasad dvivedi ki sahityik den kam nahian hai. inake maulik aur anudit pady aur gady granthoan ki kul sankhya assi se oopar hai. gady mean inaki 14 anudit aur 50 maulik kritiyaan prapt haian. kavita ki or mahavir prasad dvivedi ji ki vishesh pravritti nahian thi. is kshetr mean inaki anudit kritiyaan, jinaki sankhya ath hai, adhik mahattvapoorn haian. maulik kritiyaan kul 9 haian, jinhean svayan tukabandi kaha hai. inaki samast kritiyoan ka sankshipt vivaran nimnalikhit roop mean upasthit kiya ja sakata hai.

pady (anuvad) vinay vinod 1889 ee.- bhritahari ke 'vairagy shatak' ka dohoan mean anuvad vihar vatika 1890 ee.- git govind ka bhavanuvad sneh mala 1890 ee.- bhritahari ke 'shrriangar shatak' ka dohoan mean anuvad shri mahimn stotr 1891 ee.- sanskrit ke 'mahimn stotr ka sanskrit vrittoan mean anuvad ganga lahari 1891 ee.- panditaraj jagannath ki 'ganga lahari' ka savaiyoan mean anuvad rritutarangini 1891 ee.- kalidas ke 'rritusanhar' ka chhayanuvad sohagarat aprakashit- bairan ke 'braidal nait' ka chhayanuvad kumarasambhavasar 1902 ee.- kalidas ke 'kumar sambhavam' ke pratham paanch sargoan ka saraansh. gady (anuvad) bhamini-vilas 1891 ee.- panditaraj jagannath ke 'bhamini vilas' ka anuvad amrit lahari 1896 ee.- panditaraj jagannath ke 'yamuna stotr' ka bhavanuvad bekan-vichar-ratnavali 1901 ee.- bekan ke prasiddh nibandhoan ka anuvad shiksha 1906 ee.- harbart speansar ke 'ejyukeshan' ka anuvad 'svadhinata' 1907 ee.- j aaun stuart mil ke 'aaun libarti' ka anuvad jal chikitsa 1907 ee.- jarman lekhak luee kone ki jarman pustak ke aangrezi anuvad ka anuvad hindi mahabharat 1908 ee.-'mahabharat' ki katha ka hindi roopantar raghuvansh 1912 ee.- 'raghuvansh' mahakavy ka bhashanuvad veni-sanhar 1913 ee.- sanskrit kavi bhattanarayan ke 'venisanhar' natak ka anuvad kumar sambhav 1915 ee.- kalidas ke 'kumar sambhav' ka anuvad meghadoot 1917 ee.- kalidas ke 'meghadoot' ka anuvad kiratarjuniy 1917 ee.- bharavi ke 'kiratarjuniyamh' ka anuvad prachin pandit aur kavi 1918 ee.- any bhashaoan ke lekhoan ke adhar par prachin kaviyoan aur panditoan ka parichay akhyayika saptak 1927 ee.- any bhashaoan ki chuni huee sat akhyayikaoan ka chhayanuvad maulik pady rachanaean devi stuti-shatak 1892 ee. kanyakubjavalivratam 1898 ee. samachar patr sampadan stav: 1898 ee. nagari 1900 ee. kanyakubj- abala-vilap 1907 ee. kavy manjoosha 1903 ee. suman 1923 ee. dvivedi kavy-mala 1940 ee. kavita kalap 1909 ee.| maulik gady rachanaean tarunopadesh (aprakashit) hindi shikshavali tritiy bhag ki samalochana 1901 ee. vaijnanik kosh 1906 ee., 'natyashastr' 1912 ee. vikramaankadevacharitacharcha 1907 ee. hindi bhasha ki utpatti 1907 ee. sampattishastr 1907 ee. kautily kuthar 1907 ee. kalidas ki nirakuanshata 1912 ee. vanita-vilap 1918 ee. audyagiki 1920 ee. rasajn ranjan 1920 ee. kalidas aur unaki kavita 1920 ee. sukavi sankirtan 1924 ee. atit smriti 1924 ee. sahity sandarbh 1928 ee. adabhut alap 1924 ee. mahilamod 1925 ee. adhyatmiki 1928 ee. vaichitry chitran 1926 ee. sahityalap 1926 ee. vijn vinod 1926 ee. kovid kirtan 1928 ee. videshi vidvanh 1928 ee. prachin chihn 1929 ee. charit charya 1930 ee. puravritt 1933 ee. drishy darshan 1928 ee. alochanaanjali 1928 ee. charitr chitran 1929 ee. puratattv prasang 1929 ee. sahity sikar 1930 ee. vijnan varta 1930 ee. vagvilas 1930 ee. sankalan 1931 ee. vichar-vimarsh 1931 ee.

uparyukt kritiyoan ke atirikt terahavean hindi sahity sammelan (1923 ee.), kashi nagari pracharini sabha dvara kiye gaye abhinandan (1933 ee. aur prayag mean ayojit 'dvivedi mela', 1933 ee.) ke avasar par inhoanne jo bhashan diye the, unhean bhi pustakakar roop mean prakashit kiya gaya hai. apaki banayi huee chh: balopayogi skooli pustakean bhi prakashit haian.

mrityu

21 disambar sanh 1938 ee. ko rayabareli mean mahavir prasad dvivedi ji ka svargavas ho gaya. hindi sahity ka achary pith anishchitakal ke lie soona ho gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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