मिलिन्दपन्ह

• bauddh dharm ke milindapanh granth (milindapanh) se eesa ki pratham do shatabdiyoan ke bharatiy jan-jivan ke vishay mean janakari milati hai.
• is granth mean yoonani naresh minendar (milind) evan bauddh bhikshu nagasen ke bich bauddh mat par vartalap ka varnan hai.

nagasen

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

nagasen ke jivan ke bare mean "milind prashn" mean jo kuchh milata hai, usase itana hi maloom hota hai, ki himalay-parvat ke pas panjab mean kajangal gaanv mean sonuttar brahman ke ghar mean unaka janm hua tha. pita ke ghar mean hi rahate unhoanne brahmanoan ki vidya ved, vyakaran adi ko padh liya tha. usake unaka parichay us vakt vattaniy (varttaniy) sthan mean rahate ek vidvanh bhikshu rohan se hua, jisase nagasen bauddh-vicharoan ki or jhuke. rohan ke shishy ban vah unake sath vijambhavastu hote himalay mean rakshitatal namak sthan mean gaye. vahian guru ne unhean us samay ki riti ke anusar kanthasth kiye sare bauddh vaandmay ko padhaya.

milind (minandar)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

uttar-pashchim bharat ka 'hindi-yoonani' raja 'manendar' 165-130 ee. poo. lagabhag, bharatiy ullekhoan ke anusar 'milind' tha, vah pratham pashchimi raja tha jisane bauddh dharm apanaya aur baiktriya, panjab, himachal, jammoo se mathura tak shasan kiya . minandar namak yavan raja ke bhi anek sikke uttar - pashchimi bharat mean upalabdh hue haian.

minandar ki rajadhani shakal thi. bharat mean rajy karate hue vah bauddh shramanoan ke sampark mean aya aur achary nagasen se usane bauddh dharm ki diksha li. bauddh granthoan mean usaka nam 'milind' aya hai. 'milind panho' nam ke pali granth mean usake bauddh dharm ko svikrit karane ka vivaran diya gaya hai. minandar ko shastr charcha aur bahas ki b di adat thi, aur sadharan pandit usake samane nahian tik sakate the.

milindapanh ke darshanik vichar

bhikshuoan ne kaha- 'nagasen! raja milind vad vivad mean prashn poochh kar bhikshu-sangh ko tang karata aur nicha dikhata hai; jao tum us raja ka daman karo."

nagasen, sangh ke adesh ko svikar kar sagal nagar ke asankheyy namak pariven mean pahuanche. kuchh hi samay pahale vahaan ke b de pandit ayu pal ko minandar ne chup kar diya tha. nagasen ke ane ki khabar shahar mean phail gee. minandar ne apane ek amaty devamantri se nagasen se milane ki ichchha prakat ki. svikriti milane par ek din "paanch sau yavanoan ke sath achchhe rath par savar ho asankheyy pariven mean gaya. raja ne namaskar aur abhinandan ke bad prashn shuroo kiye." inhian prashnoan ke karan is granth ka nam "milind-prashn" p da.

yadyapi upalabhy pali "milind panjh" mean chh: parichchhed haian, kiantu unamean se pahale ke tin hi purane maloom hote haian; chini bhasha mean bhi inhian tin parichchhedoan ka anuvad milata hai. minandar ne pahale din math mean jakar nagasen se prashn kiye; doosare din usane mahal mean nimantran kar prashn poochhe.

apane uttar mean nagasen ne buddh ke darshan ke anatmavad, karm ya punarjanm, nam-roop, nirvan adi ko zyada vishad karane ka prayatn kiya hai.

anatmavad

minandar ne pahale bauddhoan ke anatmavad ki hi pariksha karani chahi. usane poochha

pratham sanvad

minandar - "bhante! ap kis nam se jane jate hai?"

nagasen - "nagasen... nam se mujhe pukarate haian? ...kiantu yah keval vyavahar ke lie sanjna bhar hai, kyoanki yatharth mean aisa koee ek purush nahian hai.

minandar - "bhante! yadi ek purush nahian hai to kaun apako vastr... bhojan deta hai? kaun usako bhog karata hai? kaun shil ki raksha karata hai? kaun dhyan... ka abhyas karata hai? kaun aryamarg ke phal nirvan ka sakshatkar karata hai? ...yadi aisi bat hai to n pap hai aur n puny, n pap aur puny ka koee karane vala hai... n karane vala hai.... n pap aur puny... ke ...phal hote haian? yadi apako koee mar dale to kisi ka marana nahian hua....phir nagasen kya hai? ...kya ye kesh nagasen haian?"

nagasen - "nahian maharaj!"

minandar - "ye royean nagasen haian?"

nagasen - "nahian maharaj!"

minandar - "ye nakh, daant, cham da, maans, snayu, haddi, majja, bukk, hriday, yakrit, klomik, pliha, phuphphus, aant, patali, aant, pet, pakhana, pitt, kaph, piv, lohoo, pasina, med, aansoo, charbi, ral, nasamal, karnamal, mastishk nagasen haian?"

nagasen - "nahian maharaj"

minandar - "tab kya apaka roop ...vedana ...sanjna... sanskar ya vijnan nagasen haian?"

nagasen - "nahian maharaj!"

minandar - "...to kya.... roop... vijnan sabhi ek sath nagasen haian?"

nagasen - "nahian maharaj!"

minandar - "...to kya... roop adi se bhinn koee nagasen hai?"

nagasen - "nahian maharaj!"

minandar - "bhante! maian apase poochhate-poochhate thak gaya kiantu nagasen kya hai. isaka pata nahian lag saka. to kya nagasen keval shabdamatr hai? akhir nagasen hai kaun?"

nagasen - "maharaj! ...kya ap paidal chal kar yahaan aye ya kisi savari par ?"

minandar - "bhante! ... maian rath par aya."

nagasen - "maharaj!... to mujhe batavean ki apaka rath kahaan hai? kya haris rath hai?"

minandar - "nahian bhante!"

nagasen - "kya aksh rath hai?"

minandar - "nahian bhante!"

nagasen - "kya chakke rath haian?"

minandar - "nahian bhante!

nagasen - "kya rath ka panjar... rassiyaan... lagam... chabuk... rath hai?

minandar - "nahian bhante!

nagasen - "maharaj! kya haris adi sabhi ek sath rath haian?
 
minandar - "nahian bhante!

nagasen - "maharaj! kya haris adi ke pare kahian rath hai?"

minandar - "nahian bhante!"

nagasen - "maharaj! maian apase poochhate-poochhate thak gaya, kiantu yah pata nahian laga ki rath kahaan hai? kya rath keval ek matr hai. akhir yah rath hai kya? ap jhooth bolate haian ki rath nahian hai! maharaj! sare jamboodvip ke ap sabase b de raja haian; bhala kisase darakar ap jhooth bolate haian?

minandar - "bhante nagasen! maian jhooth nahian bolata. haris adi rath ke avayavoan ke adhar par keval vyavahar ke lie 'rath' aisa ek nam bola jata hai."

nagasen - "maharaj! bahut thik, apane jan liya ki rath kya hai. isi tarah mere kesh adi ke adhar par keval vyavahar ke lie 'nagasen' aisa ek nam bola jata hai. parantu, paramarth mean nagasen koee ek purush vidyaman nahian hai. bhikshuni vajra ne bhagavanh ke samane isilie kaha tha-
'jaise avayavoan ke adhar par 'rath' sanjna hoti hai, usi tarah roop adi skandhoan ke hone se ek sattv jiv samajha jata hai."

dvitiy sanvad

nagasen - "maharaj! 'jan lena' vijnan ki pahichan hai, 'thik se samajh lena' prajna ki pahichan hai; aur 'jiv' aisi koee chiz nahian hai."

minandar - bhante! yadi jiv koee chiz hi nahian hai, to ham logoan mean vah kya hai jo aankh se roopoan ko dekhata hai, kan se shabdoan ko sunata hai, nak se gandhoan ko sooanghata hai, jibh se svadoan ko chakhata hai, sharir se sparsh karata hai aur man se dharmoan ko janata hai."

nagasen - 'maharaj! yadi sharir se bhinn koee jiv hai jo ham logoan ke bhitar rah aankh se roop ko dekhata hai, to aankh nikal lene par b de chhed se use aur bhi achchhi tarah dekhana chahie. kan kat dene par b de chhed se use aur bhi achchhi tahar sunana chahie. nak kat dene par use aur bhi achchhi tarah sooanghana chahie. jibh kat dene par use aur bhi achchhi tarah svad lena chahie aur sharir ko kat dene par use aur bhi achchhi tarah sparsh karana chahie."

minandar - "nahian bhante! aisi bat nahian hai."

nagasen - "maharaj! to ham logoan ke bhitar koee jiv bhi nahian hai."

karm ya punarjanm

atma ke n manane par kiye gaye bhale bure karmoan ki jimmevari tatha usake anusar paralok mean du:kh-sukh bhogana kaise hoga, minandar ne isaki charcha chalate hue kaha.

minandar - "bhante! kaun janm grahan karata hai?"

nagasen - "maharaj! nam (vijnan) aur roop...|

minandar - "kya yahi nam-roop janm grahan karata hai?"

nagasen - "maharaj! yahi nam aur roop janm nahian grahan karata. manushy is nam aur roop se pap ya puny़ karata hai, us karm ke karane se doosara nam roop janm grahan karata hai."

minandar - bhante! tab to pahala nam aur roop apane karmoan se mukt ho jata hai?"

nagasen - "maharaj! yadi phir bhi janm nahian grahan kare, to mukt ho gaya; kiantu chooanki vah phir bhi janm grahan karata hai, isalie (mukt) nahian hua."

minandar - "...upama dekar samajhavean."

am ki chori

nagasen - koee adami kisi ka am chura le. use am ka malik pak d kar raja ke pas le jaye- rajanh! isane mera am churaya hai'.

is par vah (chor) aisa kahe- 'nahian', maianne isake amoan ko nahian churaya hai. isane (jo am lagaya tha) vah doosara tha, aur maianne jo am liye ve doosare haian.... maharaj! ab bataean ki use saza milani chahie ya nahian",

minandar - "... saza milani chahie."

nagasen - "so kyoan?"

minandar - "bhante! vah aisa bhale hi kahe, kiantu pahale am ko chho d doosare hi ko churane ke lie use zaroor saza milani chahie."

nagasen - "maharaj! isi tarah is nam aur roop se pap ya puny... karata hai.

un karmoan se doosara nam aur roop janmata hai. isilie vah apane karmoan se mukt nahian hua....

ag ka pravas

nagasen - maharaj!... koee adami ja de mean ag jalakar tape aur use bina bujhaye chho dakar chala jaye. vah ag kisi doosare adami ke khet ko jala de... (pak dakar raja ke pas le jane par vah adami bole-) maianne is khet ko nahian jalaya.... vah doosari hi ag thi, jise maianne jalaya tha, aur vah doosari hai jisase... khet jala. mujhe saza nahian milani chahie.'

...maharaj! use saza milani chahie ya nahian!

minandar - "... milani chahie.... usi ki jalaee huee ag ne badhate-badhate khet ko bhi jala diya....

dipak se ag lagana

nagasen - maharaj! koee adami diya lekar apane ghar ke uparale chhat par jaye aur bhojan kare. vah diya jalata hua kuchh tinakoan mean lag jaye. ve tinake ghar ko (ag) laga dean, aur vah ghar sare gaanv ko laga de. gaanv vale us adami ko pak dakar kahean- 'tumane gaanv mean kyoan ag lagaee?' is par vah kahe- maianne gaanv mean ag nahian lagaee. us diye ki ag doosari hi thi, jisaki roshani mean maianne bhojan kiya tha, aur vah ag doosari hi thi, jisane gaanv jalaya.' is tarah apas mean jhag da karate (yadi) ve apake pas avean to ap kidhar phaisala deange?"

minandar - "bhante! gaanv valoan ki or...."

nagasen - "maharaj! isi tarah yadyapi mrityu ke sath ek nam aur roop ka lay hota hai aur janm ke sath doosara nam aur roop uth kh da hota hai, kiantu yah bhi usi se hota hai. isalie vah apane karmoan se mukt nahian hua."

vivahit kanya

nagasen - maharaj! koee adami... rupaya de ek chhoti si l daki se vivah kar, kahian door chala jaye. kuchh dinoan ke bad vah badhakar javan ho jaye. tab koee doosara adami rupaya dekar usase vivah kar le. isake bad pahala adami akar kahe-

'tumane meri stri ko kyoan nikal liya? is par vah aisa javab de- maianne tumhari stri ko kyoan nikala. vah chhoti l daki doosari hi thi, jisake sath tumane vivah kiya tha aur jisake lie rupaye diye the. yah sayani, javan aurat doosari hi hai jisake sath maianne vivah kiya hai aur jisake lie rupaye diye haian. ab yadi donoan is tarah jhag date hue apake pas avean...
to ap kidhar phaisala deange?

minandar - "... pahale adami ki or....(kyoanki) vahi l daki to badhakar sayani huee."

any vichar

minandar - "bhante! jo utpann hai, vah vahi vyakti hai ya doosara?"

nagasen - "n vahi aur n doosara hi....

pratham

nagasen - jab ap bachche the aur khat par chitt hi let sakate the, kya ap ab itane b de hokar bhi vahi haian?"

minandar - "nahian bhante! ab maian doosara ho gaya hooan."

nagasen - "maharaj! yadi ap vahi bachcha nahian haian, to ab apaki koee maan bhi nahian hai, koee pita bhi nahian hai, koee guru bhi nahi... kyoanki tab to garbh ki bhinn-bhinn avasthaoan ki bhi bhinn-bhinn mataean hoyeange. b de hone par mata bhi bhinn ho jayegi. shilp sikhane vala vidyarthi doosara aur sikhakar taiyar ho jane par...doosara hoga. aparadh karane vala doosara hoga aur usake lie hath-pair kisi doosare ka kata jayega."

minandar - "bhante!... ap isase kya dikhana chahate haian?"

nagasen - "maharaj! maian bachapan mean doosara tha aur is samay b da hokar doosara ho gaya hooan; kiantu vah sabhi bhinn-bhinn avasthaean is sharir par hi ghatane se ek hi mean le li jati haian....

dvitiy

nagasen - yadi koee adami diya jalave, to vah rat bhar jalata rahega n ?"

minandar - "...rat bhar jalata rahega."

nagasen - "maharaj! rat ke pahale pahar mean jo diye ki tem thi. kya vahi doosare ya tisare pahar mean bhi bani rahati hai?"

minandar - "nahian, bhante!"

nagasen - "maharaj! to kya vah diya pahale pahar mean doosara, doosare aur tisare pahar mean aur ho jata hai?"

minandar - "nahian bhante! vahi diya sari rat jalata rahata hai."

nagasen - "maharaj! thik isi tarah kisi vastu ke astitv ke silasile mean ek avastha utpann hoti hai, ek lay hoti hai- aur is tarah pravah jari rahata hai. ek pravah ki do avasthaoan mean ek kshan ka bhi aantar nahian hota; kyoanki ek ke lay hote hi doosari utpann ho jati hai. isi karan n (vah) vahi jiv hai aur n doosara hi ho jata hai. ek janm ke aantim vijnan ke lay hote hi doosare janm ka pratham vijnan uth kh da hota hai.

---

minandar - "bhante! jab ek nam-roop se achchhe ya bure karm kiye jate haian, to ve karm kahaan thaharate haian?"

nagasen - "maharaj! kabhi bhi pichha nahian chho dane vali chhaya ki bhaanti ve karm usaka pichha karate haian."

minandar - "bhante! kya ve karm dikhaye ja sakate haian ki vah yahaan thahare haian?"

nagasen - "maharaj! ve is tarah nahian dikhaye ja sakate.... kya koee vriksh ke un phaloan ko dikha sakata hai jo abhi lage hi nahi...?

nam aur roop

buddh ne vishv ke mool tattv ko vijnan (nam) aur bhautik tattv (roop) mean baanta hai, inake bare mean minandar ne poochha-

minandar - "bhante! ....nam kya chiz hai aur roop kya chij?"

nagasen - "maharaj! jitani sthool chizean haian, sabhi roop haian, aur jitane sookshm manasik dharm haian, sabhi nam haian...... donoan ek doosare ke ashrit haian, ek doosare ke bina thahar nahian sakate. donoan sada sath hi hote haian. ...yadi murgi ke pet mean bij roop mean bachcha nahian ho to aanda bhi nahian ho sakata; kyoanki bachcha aur aanda donoan ek doosare par ashrit haian. donoan ek hi sath hote haian. yah sada se... hota chala aya hai...."

nirvan

minandar ne nirvan ke bare mean poochhate hue kaha

minandar - "bhante! kya nirodh ho jana hi nirvan hai?"

nagasen - "haan, maharaj! nirodh ho jana hi nirvan hai..... sabhi...ajnani.... vishayoan ke upabhog mean lage rahate haian, usi mean anand lete haian, usi mean doobe rahate haian. ve usi ki dhara mean p de rahate haian, bar-bar janm lete, boodhe hote, marate, shok karate, rote-pitate, duahkh, bechaini aur pareshani se nahian chhootate. vah duahkh hi duahkh mean p de rahate haian.

maharaj! kiantu jnani....vishayoan ke bhog mean nahian lage rahate. isase unaki trishna ka nirodh ho jata hai. upadan ke nirodh se bhav ka nirodh ho jata hai. bhav ke nirodh se janmana band ho jata hai.... phir boodha hona, marana...sabhi duahkh band, niruddh ho jate haian.
maharaj! is tarah nirodh ho jana hi nirvan hai....

minandar - ...buddh kahaan haian?"

nagasen - "maharaj! bhagavanh param nirvan ko prapt ho gaye haian, jisake bad unake vyaktitv ko banaye rakhane ke lie kuchh bhi nahian rah jata...."

minandar - "bhante! upama dekar samajhavean."

nagasen - "maharaj! kya hokar-bujh-gee jalati ag ki lapat dikhaee ja sakati hai...?

minandar - "nahian bhante! vah lapat to bujh gee."

nagasen ne apane prashnottaroan se buddh ke darshan mean koee bat nahian jo di, kiantu unhoanne use kitana saf kiya yah oopar ke uddharanoan se spasht hai. yahaan hamean yah bhi smaran rakhana chahie, ki nagasen ka apana janm hindi yoonani samrajy aur sabhyata ke kendr syalakot (sagal) ke pas hua tha, aur bharatiy jnan ke sath-sath yoonani jnan ka bhi parichay rakhane ke karan hi vah minandar jaise tarkik ka samadhan kar sake the. minandar aur nagasen ka yah sanvad itihas ki us vistrit ghatana ka ek namoona hai, jisamean ki hindi aur yoonani pratibhaean milakar bharat mean nee vichar-dharaoan ka arambh kar rahi thian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

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