यहूदी

prachin mesopotamiya (vartaman eerak tatha siriya) mean sami mool ki vibhinn bhashaean bolane vale akkadi, kainani, amori, asuri adi kee khanabadosh kabile raha karate the. inhian mean se ek kabile ka nam hibroo tha. ve yahova ko apana eeshvar aur abraham ko adi-pitamah manate the. unaki manyata thi ki yahova ne abraham aur unake vanshajoan ke rahane ke lie istrail pradesh niyat kiya hai. prarambh mean goshan ke mistriyoan ke sath hibruoan ke sambandh achchhe the, parantu bad mean donoan mean tanav utpann ho gaya. at: mistri pharaoan ke atyacharoan se pareshan hokar hibroo log moosa ke netritv mean istrail ki or chal p de. is yatra ko yahoodi itihas mean 'nishkraman' kaha jata hai. istrail ke marg mean sinaee parvat par moosa ko eeshvar ka sandesh mila ki yahova hi ekamatr eeshvar hai, at: usaki ajna ka palan karean, usake prati shraddha rakhean aur 10 dharmasootroan ka palan karean. moosa ne yah sandesh hibroo kabile ke logoan ko sunaya. tatpashchath any sabhi devi-devataoan ko hatakar sirf yahova ki aradhana ki jane lagi. is prakar yahova ki aradhana karane vale 'yahoodi' aur unaka dharm 'yahoodat' kahalaya.

dharmagranth

yahoodiyoan ke bich anek dharmagranth prachalit haian, jisamean kuchh pramukh haian-

1. tora, jo baibil ke pratham paanch granthoan ka samoohik nam hai aur yahoodi log ise sidhe eeshvar dvara moosa ko pradan ki gee thi,
2. talamud, jo yahoodiyoan ke maukhik achar v dainik vyahar sanbandhi niyamoan, tikaoan tatha vyakhyaoan ka sankalan hai,
3. ilaka, jo talamud ka vidhi sangrah hai,
4. agada, jisamean dharmakary, dharmakathaean, kisse adi sangrahit haian,
5. tanaka, jo baibil ka hibroo nam hai, adi.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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