राजस्थानी चित्रकला

[[chitr:Jaisalmer-Desert-2.jpg|thumb|250px|ooant savari, jaisalamer
Camel Safari, Jaisalmer]] rajasthan mean ati prachin kal se chitrakala ke prati logoan mean ruchi rahi thi. mukandara ki paha diyoan v aravali parvat shreniyoan mean kuchh shail chitroan ki khoj isaka praman hai. kota ke dakshin mean chambal ke kinare, madhopur ki chattanoan se, alaniya nadi se prapt shail chitroan ka jo byora milata hai usase lagata hai ki yah chitr bagair kisi prashikshan ke manav dvara vatavaran prabhavit, svabhavik ichchha se banae ge the. inamean manav evan javanaroan ki akritiyoan ka adhiky hai. kuchh chitr shikar ke kuchh yantr-tantr ke roop mean jyamitik akar ke lie pooja aur tona totaka ki drishti se aankit haian. kota ke jalava da gaanv ke pas vilas nadi ke kanya dah tal se baila, hathi, gho da sahit ghu dasavar evan hathi savar ke chitr milean haian. yah chitr us adim parampara ko prakat karate haian aj bhi rajasthan mean 'maandala' namak lok kala ke roop mean ghar ki divaroan tatha aangan mean bane hue dekhe ja sakate haian. is prakar inamean adim lok kala ke darshan sahit tatkalin manav ki antarik bhavanaoan ki abhivyakti sahaj prapt hoti hai.

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itihas

kalibanga aur ah d ki khudaee se prapt mitti ke bartanoan par kiya gaya alankaran bhi prachinatam manav ki lok kala ka parichay pradan karata hai. jyamitik akaroan mean chaukor, gol, jalidal, ghumavadar, trikon tatha samanantar rekhaoan ke atirikt kali v safed rekhaoan se phool-patti, pakshi, khajoor, chaup d adi ka chitran bartanoan par paya jata hai. utkhanit-sabhyata ke pashchath mitti par kie jane vale lok alankaran kumbhakaroan ki kala mean nirantar prapt hote rahate haian kintu chitrakala ka chihn gyaharavian shadi ke poorv nahian hua hai. sarvapratham vikram sanvat 1117/1080 ee. ke do sachitr granth jaisalamer ke jain bhandar se prapt hote haian. aughaniryukti aur dasavaikalik sootrachoorni namak yah hastalikhit granth jain darshan se sambandhit hai. isi prakar ta d evan bhoj patr ke granthoan ko surakshit rakhane ke lie banaye ge lak di ke pustak avaran par ki gee chitrakari bhi hamean tatkalin kal ke drishtant pradan karati hai. [[chitr:Khwaja-Garib-Nawaz-Dargah.jpg|left|thumb|250px|khvaja garib navaz ki daragah, ajamer
Khwaja Garib Nawaz Dargah, Ajmer]] barahavian shatabdi tak nirmit aisi kee chitr pattikaean hamean rajasthan ke jain bhandaroan mean upalabdh haian. in par jain sadhuoan, vanaspati, pashu-pakshi, adi chitrit haian. ajamer, pali tatha aboo aise chitrakaroan ke mukhy kendr the. tatpashath ah d evan chittau d mean bhi is prakar ke sachitr granth banane arambh hue. 1260-1317 ee. mean likha gaya 'shravak pratikraman sootrachoorni' namak granth meva d shaili (ah d) ka pratham upalabdh chihn hai, jisake dvara rajasthani kala ke vikas ka adhyayan kar sakate haian. gyaharavian se pandrahavian shatabdi tak ke upalabdh sachitr granthoan mean nishithachoorni, trishashtishalaka purush charitr, neminath charitr, kala saritsagar, kalpasootr (1483/1426 ee.) kalak katha, supasanachariyamh (1485-1428 ee.) rasikashtak (1435/1492 ee.) tatha git govind adi haian. 15vian shadi tak meva d shaili ki visheshata mean savachashmh, garu d nasika, paraval ki kh di phaank se netr, ghumavadar v lambi uangaliyaan, guddikar janasamuday, cheharoan par jak dan, alankaran bahuly, lal-pile rang ka adhik prayog kahe ja sakate haian.
meva d ke anuroop marava d mean bhi chitrakala ki parampara prachin kal se panapati rahi thi. kiantu maharana mokal se rana saanga (1421-1528 ee.) tak meva d-marava d kala ke rajanitik prabhav ke phalasvaroop samy dikhalaee hota hai. rav maladev (1531-1462 ee.) ne pun: marava d shaili ko prashy pradan kar chitrakaroan ko is or prerit kiya. is shaili ka udaharan 1591 ee. mean chitrit granth uttaradhyayan sootr hai. marava d shaili ke bhittichitroan mean jodhapur ke chokhela mahal ko chhatoan ke andar bane chitr drishtavy haian.

mugal shaili ka prabhav

rajasthan mean mugal prabhav ke parinam svaroop satrahavian shati se mugal shaili aur rajasthan ki paramparagat rajapoot shaili ke samanvay ne kee praantiy sheliyoan ko janm diya, inamean meva d aur marava d ke atirikt booandi, kota, jaisalamer, bikaner, jayapur, kishanagadh aur nathadvara shaili mukhy hai. mugal prabhav ke phalat: chitroan ke vishay ant:pur ki rangareliyaan, sriyoan ke snan, holi ke khel, shikar, bag-bagiche, ghu dasavari, hathi ki savari adi rahe. kintu itihas ke poorak srot ki drishti se inamean chitrit samaj ka aankan evan ghatanaoan ka chitran hamean satrahavian se atharahavi shatabdi ke avalokan ki vistrit samagri pradan karata hai. udaharanat: marava d shaili mean upalabdh 'panchatantr' tatha 'shukanasik charitr' mean kumhar, dhobi, naee, mazadoor, chi dimar, lak dahara, bhishti, sunar, saudagar, panihari, gvala, mali, kisan adi se sambandhit jivan-vrit ka chitran milata hai. kishanagadh shaili mean radha krishna ki premabhivyakti ke chitran milate haian. is kram mean banithani ka ekal chitr prasiddh hai. kishanagadh shaili mean qad v chehara lamba nak nukili banaee jati rahi vahi vistrit chitroan mean darabari jivan ki jhaankiyoan ka samavesh bhi dikhalaee deta hai. [[chitr:City-Palace-Alwar.jpg|thumb|250px|siti pailes, alavar
City Palace, Alwar]] mugal shaili ka adhikatam prabhav hamean jayapur tatha alavar ke chitroan mean milata hai. baramasa, rag mala, bhagavat adi ke chitr isake udaharan haian. 1671 ee. se meva d mean pushti marg se prabhavit shrinath ji ke dharm sthal nathadvara ki kalam ka alag mahattv hai. yadyapi yahaan ke chitroan ka vishay krishna ki lilaoan se sambandhit raha hai phir bhi jan-jivan ki abhikriyaoan ka chitran bhi hamean inamean sahaj dikh jata hai.

british prabhav

19vian shatabdi mean british prabhav ke phalat: rajasthan mean potret bhi banane shuroo hue. yah potret tatkalin rahan-sahan ko abhivyakt karane mean itihas ke achchhe sadhan haian. chitrakala ke antargat bhitti chitroan ka adhiky hamean athaharavian shatabdi ke uttarardh se dikhalaee deta hai, kintu isake poorv bhi mandiroan aur raj prasadoan mean aise chitraankan ki parampara vidyaman thi. chittau d ke prachin mahaloan mean aise bhitti chitr upalabdh haian jo saulahavian sadi mean banae ge the. satrahavian shatabdi ke chitroan mean mojamabad (jayapur), udayapur ke mahaloan tatha ambamata ke mandir, nadol ke jain mandir, amer (jayapur) ke nikat mavadoomashah ki qabr ke mukhy gumbad ke chitr, joonagadh (bikaner), maroth ke man mandir gine ja sakate haian. athaharavian shatabdi ke chitranoan mean krishna vilas (udayapur) amer mahal ki bhojanashala, galata ke mahal, pundarik ji ki haveli (jayapur) soorajamal ki chhatari (bharatapur), jhalim sianh ki haveli (kota) aur moti mahal (nathadvara) ke bhitti chitr mukhy haian. yah chitr alagila paddhati ya tempara se banae ge the. shekhavati, jaisalamer evan bikaner ki haveliyoan mean is prakar ke bhitti chitr adhyayanarth abhi bhi dekhe ja sakate haian. kap doan par ki jane vali kala mean chhapaee ki chitrakari bhi kala ke itihas sahit itihas ke any aangoan par prakash dalane mean samarth ho sakati hai. yadyapi vasr rangaee, chhapaee, tatha kadhaee chitrakala se pratyaksh sambandhit nahian haian, kintu kal vishesh mean apanaee jane vali is takanik, vidya ka adhyayan kalagat takaniki itihas ki upadey samagri ban sakati hai. chaandi aur sone ki zari ka kam kie vastr shamiyane, hathi, gho de tatha bail ki jhoole adi is adhyayan ke sadhan haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh