लॉर्ड कॉर्नवॉलिस

thumb|200px|l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis (aangrezi: Lord Cornwallis, janm- 31 disanbar, 1738; mrityu- 5 aktoobar, 1805) fort viliyam presideansi ke gavarnar janaral rahe. 1786 ee. mean eest indiya kampani ne ek uchch vansh evan kulin vritti ke vyakti l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis ko pits indiya ekt ke antargat rekhakiant shaanti sthapana tatha shasan ke punargathan hetu gavarnar-janaral niyukt karake bharat bheja. l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis do bar bharat ke gavarnar-janaral banaye gaye the. pahali bar ve 1786-1793 ee. tak tatha doosari bar 1805 ee. mean gavarnar-janaral banaye gaye. kintu apane doosare karyakal 1805 ee. mean l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis adhik samay tak gavarnar-janaral nahian rah sake, kyoanki kuchh samay bad hi unaki mrityu ho gee. k aaurnav aaulis ne apane karyoan se sudharoan ki ek k di sthapit kar di thi.

sudhar kary

l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis ne apane shasan kal mean nimnalikhit sudhar kiye-

qanoon ki vishishtata

sarvapratham apane ‘nyayik sudharoan’ ke antargat k aaurnav aaulis ne zile ki samast shakti kalektar ke hathoan mean kendrit kar di, v 1787 ee. mean zile ke prabhari kalektaroan ko 'divani adalat' ka 'divani nyayadhish' niyukt kar diya. 1790-1792 ee. ke madhy bharatiy nyayadhishoan se yukt zila faujadari adalatoan ko samapt kar usake sthan par char bhraman karane vali adalatean- tin bangal hetu v ek bihar hetu niyukt ki gee. in adalatoan ki adhyakshata yooropiy vyakti dvara bharatiy qazi v mufti ke sahayog se ki jati thi. k aaurnav aaulis ne ‘qanoon ki vishishtata’ ka niyam, jo isase poorv nahian tha, bharat mean lagoo kiya.

any qanooni sudhar

l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis ne 1793 ee. mean prasiddh ‘k aaurnav aaulis kod’ ka nirman karavaya, jo ‘shaktiyoan ke prithakikaran’ siddhant par adharit tha. 'k aaurnav aaulis sanhita' se kalektaroan ki nyayik evan faujadari se sambandhit shakti ka hanan ho gaya aur ab unake pas matr ‘kar’ sambandhit shaktiyaan hi rah gayi thian. usane vakalat pesha ko niyamit banaya. 1790-1793 ee. ke madhy k aaurnav aaulis ne faujadari qanoon mean kuchh parivartan kiye, jinhean aangrez sansad ne 1797 ee. mean ek adhiniyam dvara pramanit kar diya. in sudharoan ke antargat hatya ke mamale mean hatyare ki bhavana par adhik bal diya gaya, n ki hatya ke astr athava dhang par. isi prakar mritak ke abhibhavakoan ki ichchha se kshama karana athava ‘rakt ka mooly’ nirdharit karana band kar diya gaya tatha aang vichchhedan ke sthan par k di qaid ki saza ki ajna di gayi. isi prakar 1793 ee. mean yah nishchit kiya gaya ki sakshi ke dharm vishesh ke mamale par koee asar nahian p dega.

pulis vyavastha

l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis ne ‘pulis sudhar’ ke antargat kampani ke adhikariyoan ke vetan mean vriddhi ki aur gramin kshetroan mean pulis adhikar prapt zamidaroan ko is adhikar se vanchit kar diya. aangrez majistretoan ko zile ki pulis ka bhar de diya gaya. ziloan ko 400 varg mil kshetr mean vibhajit kar diya gaya. ziloan mean pulis thana ki sthapana kar ek daroga ko usaka prabhari banaya gaya. l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis ko pulis vyavastha ka janak bhi kaha jata hai.

prashasanik sudhar

prashasanik sudhar ke antargat kampani ke adhikariyoan evan karmachariyoan ke vetan mean vriddhi ki gee aur vyaktigat vyapar par pabandi laga di gee. l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis ne prashasanik vyavastha ka yooropiyakaran kiya. bharatiyoan ke lie sena mean 'soobedar', 'jamadar', 'prashasanik seva' mean 'muansiph', 'sadar, amir' ya 'dipti kalektar' se ooanche pad nahian diye jate the.

sthayi bhoomi kar vyavastha

bangal mean bhoo-rajasv vasooli ka adhikar kise diya jay, tatha use kitane samay tak ke lie diya jay, is par antim nirnay k aaurnav aaulisas ne sar j aaun shor ke sahayog se kiya, aur antim roop se zamidaroan ko bhoomi ka svami man liya gaya. jnatavy hai ki, 'jems graant' ne k aaurnav aaulis tatha sar j aaun shor ke vicharoan ka virodh karate hue zamidaroan ko keval bhoomikar sangrahakarta hi mana tha, tatha samast bhoomi ko 'sarakan ki bhoomi' ke roop mean manyata di thi. 1790 ee. mean das varsh ki vyavastha ki gee, jise ‘j aaun shor ki vyavastha’ ke nam se bhi jana jata tha. parantu is vyavastha ko 1793 ee. mean ‘sthayi bandobast’ mean parivartit kar diya gaya. zamidaroan ko ab bhoo-rajasv ka 8/9 bhag eest indiya kampani ko tatha 1/9 bhag apani sevaoan ke lie apane pas rakhana tha. is vyavastha ke anek dosh samane aye. yadyapi kampani ne ise poori tarah apane hit mean bataya, parantu shighr hi yah vyavastha utpi dan tatha shoshan ka sadhan ban gee. karoan ki sankhya 36 se ghatakar 23 kar di gee. purani rajasv samiti ka nam 'rajasv bord' rakh diya gaya. l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis ne vyapar bord ke sadasyoan ki sankhya ghatakar 11 se 5 kar di tatha thekedaroan ke sthan par gumashtoan tatha vyaparik pratinidhiyoan dvara mal lene ki vyavastha bana di. k aaurnav aaulis ko bharat mean ‘nagarik seva ka janak’ mana jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh