वनस्पति

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is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

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kisi kshetr ka vanaspatik jivan ya  bhoomi par maujood pe d-paudhe aur isaka sanbandh kisi vishisht jati, jivan ke roop, rachana, sthanik prasar ya any vanaspatik ya bhaugolik gunoan se nahian hai. yah shabd  'phlora'  shabd se kahian adhik b da hai jo vishesh roop se jati ki sanrachana se sanbandhit hota hai. vanaspati n sirph iansani jivan, balki prithvi par vas karane vale samast jiv-jantuoan ke jivan chakr ka ek aham hissa hai. ek taraph jahaan yah vatavaran ko shuddh karane mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhati hai, vahian doosari taraph isaki kee prajatiyaan dava ke roop mean bhi kam ati haian.

bharat mean vanaspati

desh mean milane vali jalavayavik evan mrida sambandhi vibhinnataoan ne vanaspati ko bhi paryapt roop mean prabhavit kiya hai. uchchavach ka prabhav bhi vanaspat ki prakriti ko nirdharit karane ka ek mahattvapoorn karak hai. desh mean ushn, shit evan shitoshn tinoan prakar ke jalavayu katibandhoan ki dashaean milati hai. vartaman mean 774,74 lakh varg kimi bhoomi par van hai, sampoorn bhaugolik kshetr ka 23.56 pratishat hai. isamean se saghan van 11.88 pratishat, khula van 88.75 pratishat aur kachchh vanaspati kshetr 0.15 pratishat hai. desh mean vanoan ka vistar sabhi rajyoan mean saman nahian hai. kuchh bhagoan mean varsha ki matra ausat se adhik milati hai, jabaki kuchh bhag shushk evan varshavihin hi haian. varsha ke asaman vitaran tatha uchchavach ki vibhinnata ke adhar par bharat ko 6 vanaspati pradeshoan mean vargikrit kiya jata hai, jo is prakar haian -

1. himalay pradeshiy ya parvatiy van
2. ushnardr sadabahar van
3. ardr manasooni van
4. ushnardr patajh d van
5. marusthaliy van
6. daladali athava jvar bhata kshetroan ke van

himalay pradeshiy ya parvatiy van

himalay parvatiy kshetr mean milane vale parvatiy vanoan mean ooanchaee ke anusar antar paya jata hai. parvatiy kshetroan ki talahati vale bhagoan mean 6 se 9 mitar tak ki ooanchaee ke chau di patti vale van milate hai, jabaki uchch bhagoan mean 18 mitar se bhi adhik ooanchaee ke nukili patti vale van paye jate haian. himalay parvatamala ke poorvi bhag mean, jahaan varshik varsha ki matra adhik hoti hai, kam varsha vale pashchimi bhagoan ki apeksha ghani evan vividh prakar ki vanaspatiyaan payi jati hai. himalay ke van pradeshoan ko mukhyatah 2 prakaroan mean vargikrit kiya ja sakata hai -

poorvi himalay ki vanaspatiyaan

isamean arddh ushnakatibandhiy van taraee kshetroan se lekar 1,524 ki ooanchaee tak milate haian. aise vanoan mean sal, shisham, amoora, semal, chinauli, chandan adi ke vriksh paye jate haian. inamean savana prakar ki lambi ghasean bhi payi jati hai. baans evan lambi lataoan ne is prakar ke vanoan ko kafi saghan bana diya hai. poorvi himalay mean 1,524 se 2,800 mitar ki ooanchaee tak shitoshn katibandhiy vanaspatiyaan milati haian jinamean oank, barch, maipil, eldar, maiganoliya tatha larel ke chau di patti vale vriksh paye jate haian. 2,800 se 3,600 mitar ki ooanchaee vale bhagoan mean poornatah parvatiy vanaspati ka varchasv milata hai jisamean silvar phar, barch, bhojapatr, saij tatha lichen ke vriksh milate haian. 4,800 se 6,100 mitar ki ooanchaee vale bhagoan mean chhoti-chhoti ghaanse tatha sundar pushp milate haian jabaki isake oopar keval barf ka jamav paya hai.

pashchimi himalay ke van

himalay parvatamala ke pashchimi bhagoan mean 1,524 mitar ki samany ooanchaee tak arddh ushn katibandhiy vanaspatiyaan payi jati haian jinamean pramukh vriksh sal, sal dhak, semal, baans aanvala, shisham, ber adi haian. 3,000 se 5,000 mitar ki ooanchaee vale bhagoan mean shitoshn katibandhiy vanoan ki adhikata hai. aise vanoan mean chi d, devadar, valasam, bloopain, eldar, elm, barch adi vriksh milate haian.

ushnardr sadabahar van

desh mean un bhagoan mean, jahaan ausat varshik varsha 200 semitar se adhik, varshik ausat tapaman 240 sean. ke asapas tatha varsh bhar ardrata 70 pratishat tak rahati hai. ushnardr sadabahar van paye jate hai. inaka vistar uttar mean himalay ki taraee vale kshetroan, poorvi himalay ke pad-pradesh (asam, pashchim bangal), pashchimi ghat parvat ke dhaloan par, nilagiri tatha annamalaee ki paha diyoan par evan andaman nikobar dvip samooh mean paya jata hai. in vanoan mean milane vale pramukh vriksh haian - mahogani, rojavud, ta d, baans, rab d, jangali am, abanoos, adi. inaki ooanchaee 30 se 45 mitar tak hoti hai. ye apas mean mile hote haian jisake karan inhean katane mean asuvidha hoti hai.

ardr manasooni van

desh mean 100 se 200 se.mi. ausat varshik varsha vale bhagoan mean ard manasooni prakar ki vanspati payi jati hai. vrikshoan ki saghanata kam hone ke karan inaki kataee adhik huee. hai. inaka vistar himalay ke bahari evan nichale dhaloan par panjab se lekar asam tak tatha uttar pradesh, bihar, pashchim bangal ke dakshini bhag, u disa, pashchimi ghat parvat ke poorvi sire se lekar madhy pradesh, maharashtr, tamilanadu, karnatak aur keral ke shushk bhagoan mean kumari antarip tak paya jata hai. inamean milane vale pramukh vriksh sal, sagaun, sakhoo, shahatoot, palas, lal chandan, am, jamun, goolar, pak d adi haian. ye van lagabhag 7 lakh varg kimi kshetr par phaile haian. sagaun ke vriksh maharashtr aur karnatak rajy mean bahut adhik pae jate haian. in vanoan se lak di ke sath upayogi padarth prapt hote haian jaise - tel, varnish, cham da rangane ka padarth adi. inaki lak di audyogik evan ghareloo upayogoan ke lie kafi mahattvapoorn hoti hai.

ushnardr patajh d van

ushnardr patajh d vale van desh ke sarvadhik kshetraphal par paye jate haian. inaka vistar uttar pashchimi mean panjab evan hariyana se lekar madhy pradesh, maharashtr, andhr pradesh, karnatak evan tamilanadu rajyoan tak milata hai. is prakar ke vanoan mean am, mahua, baragad, shisham, kakar, babool adi pramukh kisme haian. uttar pradesh mean pashchim bangal mean mooanj evan kas ugati hai. taraee pradashoan mean savana prakar ki ghas milati hai. inaki sarvadhik pradhanata 50 se.mi. se 100 se.mi. ki ausat varshik varsha vale prayadvipiy bharat ke madhyavarti bhagoan mean payi jati hai.

marusthaliy van

50 se.mi. se kam ausat varshik varsha vale kshetroan mean samanyataya 6 mitar se 9 mitar ki ooanchaee vale kaantedar vriksh vale marusthaliy van paye jate haian. varsha ki kami ke karan inaki pattiyaan kam, chhoti evan kaantedar hoti hai tatha vrikshoan ki j de lambi hoti hai, jisase jal ke abhav mean bhi ye adhik lambe samay tak bane rahate haian. inaki sanrachana jal ki kami ko sahan kar lene vali hoti hai. dakshini-pashchimi panjab uttar pradesh mean is prakar ke vriksh paye jate haian. marusthaliy vanoan mean milane vale vriksh nagaphani, khej di, babool, kikar, khair, khajoor, rabaans adi haian. jal ki kami ke karan aise kshetroan mean prayah ghas ka abhav paya jata hai.

daladali athava jvar bhata kshetroan ke van

daladali athava jvar bhata kshetroan ke van ganga-brahmaputr delta kshetr tatha poorvi ghat parvat shreniyoan ke tatiy bhagoan ke jvar bhata vale kshetroan mean milate haian. daladali mitti mean ugane ke karan inaki jal sahan karane ki kshamata adhik hoti hai. ganga-brahmaputr ke delta kshetroan mean sundari vriksh ki adhikata ke karan is kshetr ko ‘sundaravan’ kaha jata hai. isake atirikt tamilanadu evan andhr pradesh ke tatavarti ziloan tatha mahanadi, godavari, krishnaa, kaveri adi nadiyoan ke delta kshetroan mean ta d, nariyal, phoniks, kev da, supari, rojiphora adi prajatiyoan ke vriksh paye jate haian.

bharatiy van sarvekshan

vibhinn prakar ki vanaspatiyoan ke hote hue bhi hamare desh mean paryavaran santulan ki drishti se avashyak kam se kam 33 pratishat kshetr par vanoan ka avaran hona chahie, jabaki vanoan ki andhadhuandh kataee adi ke karan vanoan ka nimn vistar paya jata he. 2005 ke sarvekshan ke adhar par desh ka matr 20.60 pratishat kshetr hi vastavik roop se vanoan se dhaka hai.

bharatiy van sarvekshan, 2005 ke anusar 2005 mean desh mean vanachchhadit kshetr 6,77,088 varg kimi tha, jabaki do varsh poorv 2003 mean yah 6,78,333 varg kimi, (kul bhag ka 20.64 pratishat ) tha. is prakar in do varshoan mean van kshetr mean 1245 varg kimi ki kami aee hai. van mantralay ki dvivarshik riport mean kaha gaya hai ki 2003-05 ke dauran uttarakhand, asam, chhattisagadh, gujarat, madhy pradesh, maharashtr, manipur, nagalaind tatha aandaman aur nikobar mean jahaan van kshetr ghata hai, vahian himachal pradesh, panjab, hariyana v dilli mean 2 se 11 pratishat ki vriddhi huee hai. riport ke anusar dilli mean 2 pratishat, hariyana mean 11 pratishat mean v himachal pradesh mean 10 pratishat ki vriddhi van kshetr mean huee hai. 2005 mean desh mean kul 6,77,088 varg kimi van kshetr mean 54,569 varg kimi mean ghane van, 3,32,647 varg kimi mean majhole van v 2,89,872 varg kimi kshetr mean khule v chhitare van shamil hai. is prakar desh ke kul bhoo-bhag ka 1.7 pratishat ghane vanoan se 10-12 pratishat majhole vanoan se tatha 8,82 pratishat bhag khule vanoan se achchhadit tha.

van niti ki ghoshana

bharat mean prati vyakti vanoan ka ausat 0.2 haikteyar matr hai, jabaki brajil mean 8.6, astreliya mean 5.1 aur poorv soviyat sangh mean 3.5 hekteyar hai. is prakar in deshoan mean prati vyakti vanoan ka kshetr adhik hai. vanoan ki suraksha ke lie svatantrata prapti pashchath 1952 mean hi sarakar dvara van niti ki ghoshana ki gayi thi jise sandhodhit kar 1988 mean nee van niti ghoshit ki gee. nee niti mean vanoan ke sanrakshan ke sath hi naye vanoan ko lagaye jane par zor diya gaya hai.

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