संथाल
santhal bharat ki ek pramukh janajati hai. is jati ke log parishrami, udar vicharoan vale, kushal krishak aur uttam akhetak hote haian. inaka jivan apane nikatavarti kshetroan ke logoan se sada sangharsh ka jivan raha hai. santhal janajati hindoo dharm, eesaee dharm, bauddh dharm, evan adi-dharm ko manane vali hai.
nivas kshetr
santhal logoan ka nivas kshetr b da vyapak hai. yah jharakhand, u disa aur pashchim bangal mean phaila hua hai. jharakhand mean hi inaka sabase adhik jamav paya jata hai, visheshat: santhal paragana, jo bhagalapur divijan mean hai. is santhal bahut pradesh ke uttar mean bhagalapur zila haian.
sharirik gathan
sharirik drishti se santhal janajati ke log chhote se madhyam qad ke hote haian. inaka rang kala v gahara bhoora, aankh ki putaliyaan samanyat: sidhi evan madhyam akar aur kale rang ki, lalat chau da, bal kale sidhe aur kabhi-kabhi ghuangharale, sharir v dadhi-moochhoan par kam bal aur sir lamba tatha nak kuchh baithi huee, chehara b da tatha hoanth mote hote haian.
dainik prayog ke yantr
santhaloan ke gharoan mean pray: lak di, pital ya mitti ke bartan, jaise- charapaee, matakiyaan, thaliyaan, done, chammach, kuchh daliyaan, jhadoo, baithane ki lak di ka takhta, ookhal, dhan kootane ki mashin aur khana pakane ke bartan, adi hote haian. shikar karane ke lie athava akraman karane ke lie dhanush ban, kulha di, phande ya jal, bhale aur dhal, adi shastr hote haian. dhol, turahi, baansuri adi inake pramukh vady yantr hote haian. kheti ke lie hal, jooa, patta, kudali, khurapi, daantali tatha dhan kootane ke lie moosal aur ookhal, dheanki adi vyavahar mean laee jati haian.
bhojan
santhal logoan ka mukhy bhojan ubala hua chaval hota hai. ye din mean do bar bhojan karate haian. prat:kal ke bhojan mean rat ko ubale ge chaval, kuchh namak, mirch aur chhoanki gee sabjiyoan ka upayog karate haian. ratri ke bhojan mean ubala chaval aur kadhi hoti hai. sukhae ge tatha ubale chaval se kek banae jate haian, jinhean 'pitha' kahate haian. 'khapara pitha' chaval se banaya jata hai tatha chaval aur maans se banaya gaya 'pitha' 'jel pitha' kahalata hai. sooryatap mean sukhae ge chavaloan se taiyar ki gee sharab, 'haandi' ya 'handiya' tatha mahua ke phaloan ki sharab, jise 'paudra' kahate haian, usaka bhi khoob upayog santhali log karate haian. ye log tambakoo khate aur huqqa bhi pite haian.
dharm
santhal log hinduoan ke devi-devata, shiv, durga adi ko bhi manane lage haian. santhali dharm mean anek devi-devataoan aur atmaoan ka poojan kiya jata hai. sabase b da devata, jisane srishti ki rachana ki hai, 'thakur' ko mana jata hai. yahi devata jivan, varsha, fasaloan aur any avashyak batoan par niyantran rakhata hai. isaki aprasannata akal athava bhishan mahamariyoan ke roop mean pradarshit hoti hai. thakur ko ye log anek namoan se pukarate haian, kaando, sin-kaando, kaando boanga, sin boanga, in sabhi ko soory devata mana jata hai. any devata manav lie hitakari hote haian, jo van, pahadoan, nadiyoan mean nivas karate mane jate haian. ye sarvashaktiman hote haian. inase santhal b de darate haian. inako prasann karane ke lie pashuoan ka balidan karate haian, devataoan ki pooja karate haian. aise devata moraang-baroo, gosaee-eera, paragana boanga, maanjhi boanga, johara-eera haian.
aandh-vishvasi
santhal jati ke log jadoo-tone mean bhi adhik vishvas karate haian. isake lie 'ojha'jadoo-tone adi ka janane vala ka upayog kiya jata hai. santhal striyaan, jo bhoot-pret adi se grasit hoti haian, unhean jadoo dvara sudharane ka prayas kiya jata hai. ojha log mantroan dvara rogoan ka bhi ilaj karate sune ge haian. j di-bootiyoan ka prayog dava ke roop mean evan mantroan se ilaj ke sath bhi kiya jata hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh