संसद

[[chitr:Sansad-Bhavan.jpg|thumb|300px|sansad bhavan, nee dilli]] bharat mean sansadatmak shasan pranali svikar ki gee hai. at: sansad ki sarvichchata bharatiy shasan ki pramukh visheshata hai. sansad ko vidhayika athava vyavasthapika nam se bhi jana jata hai.

gathan

sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 79 ke anusar sangh ke lie ek sansad hogi, jo rashtrapati aur do sadanoan se mil kar banegi. uchch sadan rajyasabha tatha nimn sadan lokasabha kahalati hai. is prakar sansad-

1. rashtrapati,
2. rajyasabha,
3. lokasabha se milakar gathit hai.

rashtrapati sansad ka abhinn bhag hai. ise sansad ka abhinn bhag isalie mana jata hai kyoanki isaki anumati ke bina rajyasabha tatha lokasabha dvara parit koee bhi vhdheyak adhiniyam ka roop nahian lega. kuchh aise vidheyak bhi haian, jinhean rashtrapati ki anumati ke bina lokasabha mean pesh nahian kiya ja sakata. rashtrapati ko rajyasabha tatha lokasabha mean pesh nahian kiya ja sakata. rashtrapati ko rajyasabha tatha lokasabha ka satr bulane, satravasan karane aur lokasabha ko vighatit karane ka adhikar hai.

yogyata

1. vah bharat ka nagarik ho.
2. vah nirvachan ayog dvara is nimitt pradhikrit kisi vyakti ke samaksh tisari anusoochi mean diye gaye praroop ke anusar shapath leta hai ya pratijnan karata hai aur us par hastakshar karata hai.
3. use rajyasabha ki dasha mean 30 varsh se kam tatha lokasabha ki sthiti mean 25 varsh se kam ayu ka nahian hona chahie.
4. usake pas aisi koee any arhata ho, jo ki sansad dvara banayi gayi kisi vidhi dvara vihit ki gayi hai. sansad ne lok pratinidhitv adhaniyam, 1951 banakar nimnalikhit arhata niyat ki hai-

rajyasabha ki sadasyata

rajyasabha mean kisi rajy ya sangh rajyakshetr ke pratinidhi ke roop mean vah vyakti chuna jaega, jo us rajy ya rajyakshetr ke sansadiy nirvachan kshetr ka nirvachak ho. lekin is pravadhan ki bhavana ka rajanitik daloan ke netaoan dvara ullanghan kiya jata raha hai, kyoanki kisi rajy/sangh rajyakshetr se rajyasabha ka pratinidhi chune jane ke lie rajanitik dal ke sadasy us rajy ya sangh rajyakshetr ke kisi sansadiy nirvachan kshetr ke nirvachak ban jate haian, jabaki ve usase pahale us rajy ya sangh rajyakshetr ke kisi bhi nirvachan kshetr ke nirvachak nahian hote. aise netaoan bhrashtachar ka doshi mana jana chahie tatha inhean sadaiv ke lie sansad ki sadasyata ke ayogy kar dena chahie. nivartaman chunav ayukt ti. en. sheshan ne is sambandh mean qadam uthaye the. rajyasabha sansad ka uchch sadan hai, isamean sadasyoan ki kul adhikatam sankhya 250 ho sakati hai.

lokasabha ki sadasyata

lokasabha ki sadasyata ke lie yah arhata nishchit ki gayi hai ki anusoochit jati tatha anusoochit janajati ke lie arakshit sthan ki dasha mean chunav mean kh de hone vale vyakti ke lie usi jati ya janajati ka hona chahie tatha sikkim rajy ke sthan/sthanoan ki sthiti mean chunav mean kh de hone vale vyaktiyoan ko sikkim ka nirvachak hona chahie.

ayogyata

[[chitr:Sansad-Bhavan-2.jpg|thumb|250px|sansad bhavan, nee dilli]] anuchchhed 102 ke anusar koee vyakti sansad ke kisi sadan ka sadasy chune jane ke lie aur sadasy hone ke lie nimnalikhit adhar par ayogy hoga-

1. yadi vah bharat sarakar ke kisi rajy sarakar ke adhin koee labh ka pad dharan karata hai, lekin yadi sansad ne vidhi dvara kisi pad ko dharan karane ki chhoot di hai, to us pad ko dharan karane vala vyakti sansad ki sadasyata ke lie ayogy nahian hoga.
2. yadi vah saksham nyayalay ke dvara vikritachitt ghoshit kar diya gaya hai.
3. yadi vah amukt divaliya hai.
4. yadi vah bharat ka nagarik nahian hai ya usane kisi videshi rajy ki nagarikata svechchha se arjit kar li hai ya yadi vah kisi videshi rajy ke prati nishtha dharan karata hai.
5. yadi vah dal badal qanoon (sanvidhan ki dasavian anusoochi) ke adhin sansad ki sadasyata ke lie ayogy thaharaya gaya hai.
6. yadi vah sansad dvara banayi gayi kisi vidhi ke adhin ayogy ghoshit kar diya gaya hai, sansad ne 1951 mean lok pratinidhitv adhinayam, 1951 banakar nimnalikhit vyaktiyoan ko sansad ki sadasyata ke lie ayogy ghoshit kiya hai–
   1. jo bhrasht acharan ka doshi thaharaya gaya ho,
   2. jo kuchh aparadhoan ke lie saksham nyayalay dvara doshi nirnit kiya gaya ho,
   3. jo vyakti bharat sarakar ya kisi rajy ki sarakar ke adhin pad dharan karate hue bhrashtachar ke karan ya rajy ke prati abhakti ke karan padachyut kar diya gaya ho,
   4. jo sarakar ke sath apane vyapar ya karobar ke anukram mean sarakar ko mal pradan karane ke lie ya sarakar dvara kiye jane vale kisi kary ke lie sanvida liya ho,
   5. jo vyakti kisi aisi kampani ya nigam ka (sahakari sosaiti se bhinn), jisaki pooanji mean sarakar ka 25% ya adhik hissa hai, prabandh abhikarta ya sachiv hai,
   6. jo vyakti apane chunav vyay ka lekha dakhil karane mean asaphal raha hai.
   7. disambar, 1988 mean janapratinidhi adhiniyam, 1951 mean sanshodhan kar atankavadi gatividhi, taskari, jamakhori, munaphakhori, khady padarthoan evan davaoan mean milavat karane vale, phera ka ullanghan tatha mahilaoan ke viruddh aparadh karane vale vyaktiyoan ko sansad ya rajy ke vidhanamandal ka chunav l dane ke lie ayogy ghoshit kar diya gaya hai.

prashn ka vinishchay

jab sansad sadasyoan ki ayogyata se sambandhit prashn utpann hota hai to usaka vinishchay rashtrapati ke dvara kiya jata hai. is sambandh mean rashtrapati ka narniy antim mana jata hai tatha is nirnay ke viruddh nyayalay mean yachika ya apil dakhil nahian ki ja sakati. rashtrapati sansad sadasyoan ki ayogyata se sambandhit prashn ka nirnay karate samay chunav ayog ki ray leta hai aur usi ke anusar kary karata hai. lekin sansad sadasy ke dal badal ke adhar par sansad ki sadasyata ke lie ayogyata ka nirnay lokasabha ya rajyasabha ke sabhapati, jaisi bhi sthiti ho, dvara kiya jata hai.

sansad sadasyoan ke lie achar sanhita

25 navambar, 2001 ko sanpann sarvadaliy rashtriy sammen mean sansad evan vidhanasabhaoan ki maryada banaye rakhane tatha in sadanoan mean anushasanahinata ko rokane ke uddeshy se ek achar sanhita ka nirman kiya gaya hai. is achar sanhita ke pramukh bindu nimnavath haian–

• prashnakal ke dauran sadan mean shanti banaye rakhana.
• sadan ke bich mean ane se bachane ki koshish ki jaye.
• yadi koee sadasy kisi sarakari dastavez, kagaz ya riport ke kisi gopaniy mudde par havala dena chahata ho to unhean pahale isaki soochana adhyaksh ko deni chahie, taki vah is par uchit faisala kar sake.
• pratyek sadasy ko apani sampatti ki ghoshana karani chahie ya kisi mamale se yadi vah sambaddh hai to par charcha se pahale unhean sadan ko yah batana chahie.
• rashtrapati ya rajyapal ke abhibhashan ke samay sadan mean ekajutata, samman aur maryada ka parichay dean.
• yadi kisi ka vyaktigat hit sarvajanik hit ke a de ata hai to use sarvajanik hit ko tarajih deni chahie.
• sadasyoan ko apane kartavyoan ka sadaiv dhyan rakhana chahie.
• koee sadasy jab kisi masale par bol raha ho to any sadasyoan ko shor-sharaba karake usaki bat mean vyavadhan paida nahian karana chahie. kisi sadasy ke bolane ke samay tokataki karane se any sadasyoan ko bachane ka prayas karana chahie.
• sadan mean kisi tarah ki narebazi nahian ki jani chahie.
• virodh vyakt karane ke lie sadan mean koee dastavez pha da nahian jana chahie.
• sansad vidhanamandaloan athava kendrashasit pradeshoan ki vidhan sabhaoan ke bhitar ya usake parisar mean kahian par bhi satyagrah athava dharane par nahian baithana chahie.
• sadanoan mean selyoolar fon athava pejar lekar nahian jana chahie.
• bina spikar ko notis diye kisi ke khilaf kisi tarah ka arop athava usaki pratishtha ko dhoomil karane vali koee bat nahian kahi jani chahie.
• charcha ke dauran aise kisi mamale athava tathy ziqr nahian karana chahie, jo ki nyayalay mean lambit ho.
• pith ki bina poorv anumati ke sadasyoan ko sadan mean koee bayan nahian padhana chahie.
• spikar ki vyasastha par n to koee saval uthaya jana chahie aur n hi kisi tarah ki tippani ki jani chahie.
• adhyaksh dvara anumati diye jane ke poorv sadasyoan ko kisi masale par nahian bolana chahie.
• sadan ki kisi bhi samiti ke sakshyoan ko kisi sadasy athava any vyakti dvara tab tak nahian chhapa jana chahie, jab tak ve sadan mean pesh n kar diye gaye hoan.
• sadan ki samitiyoan ko kisi mamale ke tathyoan ko janane ke lie tab tak yatra par nahian jana chahie, jab tak ki vah behad zaroori n ho.
• sthaniy adhikariyoan se charcha se poorv to aise toor qatee nahian ayojit kie jaean.
• kisi sangathan se sambaddh sadasy usake lie sarakar ke sath kisi tarah ka vyapar n karean.
• sadasy ko upalabdh karae ge sarakari avas ko yah kiraye adi par n dekar usase kisi tarah ka arthik labh varjit n karean.
• aise kisi mamale mean jisamean sadasy ke hit paroksh ya pratyaksh roop se ju de hoan kisi sarakari adhikari athava mantri par dabav dalane ka prayas n kiya jae.
• sadasyoan ko apane kisi rishtedar, parichit ki naukari ya vyaparik suvidha ke lie kisi sarakari adhikari ko patr nahian likhana chahie tatha pratyaksh ya paroksh roop mean ruchi nahian leni chahie.
• sadan mean kisi prakar ka baij lagakar n jaean.
• kisi bhi tarah ka hathiyar lekar sadan mean n jaean.
• sadan mean koee jhanda, nishan ya isi tarah ki any vastu ka pradarshan n karean.

aisa koee litarechar, prashnavali, paracha pres vijnapti sansad ya vidhanamanndal ke parisar mean vitarit nahian karean, jisaka sadan ke kamakaz se matalab n ho. is achar sanhita ka ullanghan karane par sambandhit sadasy ke khilaf dandatmak karravaee ki ja sakati hai. isamean usako daant-phatakar, ninda, sadan se bahar karana adi sambhav hai, isake alava usaka sadan se svat: hi nilamban bhi sambhav hai.

satr, sthagan, satravasan tatha vighatan

rashtrapati anuchchhed 85 ke tahat sansad ke donoan sadanoan ka satr bula sakata hai, donoan sadanoan ka satravasan kar sakata hai tatha lokasabha ka vighatan kar sakata hai. sanvidhan ke dvara rashtrapati par yah kartavy adhiropit kiya gaya hai ki vah sansad ke donoan sadanoan ko aise aantaral par ahoot karega ki ek satr ki aantim baithak aur usake bad ki pahali baithak ke lie niyat tithi ke bich chhah mas ka antaral nahian hona chahie. isaka parinam yah hai ki sansad ki baithak varsh mean kam se kam do bar honi chahie aur donoan baithakoan ke bich chhah mas se adhik ka samay nahian hona chahie. donoan baithakoan ke bich ke samay ko 'dirghavakash' kaha jata hai. sansad ke varsh mean samanyat: tin satr ayojit kie jate haian–

1. bajat
2. varsha satr aur
3. shit satr.

pratyek varsh sansad ka pratham adhiveshan faravari ke tisare saptah mean bajat satr se arambh hota hai. is satr ke prarambh hone ke pahale din donoan sadanoan ki sanyukt baithak ayojit hoti hai, jisamean rashtrapati ka abhibhashan hota hai. is satr mean bajatiy prastavoan ko parit kiya jata hai. sansad ya varsha satr julaee ke tisare saptah mean ayojit hota hai. is satr mean mukhyat: vidharthi kary sampann kiye jate haian. shit satr navambar ke doosare ya tisare saptah mean arambh hota hai.

sadan ka sthagan

kabhi-kabhi kuchh atyavashy aur vishesh karanoan se sadan ki baithak sthagit karane ki avashyakata p d jati hai. sansad ke donoan sadanoan ka sthagan lokasabha adhyaksh (niyam 15) tatha rajyasabha ke sabhapati (niyam 12) dvara kiya jata hai. yah kuchh ghante, din ya saptah ki avadhi ka ho sakata hai. avashyakata p dane par sadan ko baithak ke bich mean hi sthagit kiya ja sakata hai. isake alava sadan kisi mrit vyakti ke prati samman prakat karane ke lie, ganapoorti n hone par, sadan ke bhitar kary sanchalan mean avyavastha adi ke karan sthagit kiya ja sakata hai.

sansad sadasyoan dvara sthan ki rikti

bharatiy sanvidhan mean tatha sansad dvara nirmit lok pratinidhitv adhiniyam, 1951 ke dvara sansad sadasyoan dvara sthan ki rikti ke sambandh mean nimnalikhit pravadhan kiye gaye haian-

1. koee vyakti sansad ke donoan sadanoan ka tatha sansad ke kisi sadan aur kisi rajy ke vidhanamandaloan mean se kisi ka sadasy ek sath nahian ho sakata hai.
2. yadi koee vyakti sadan ke donoan sadanoan ke lie chuna jata hai aur donoan sadanoan mean se kisi mean bhi apana sthan grahan nahian kiya hai, to vah apane chune jane ki tithi se 10 din ke andar ayog ke sachiv ko likhit soochana dega, ki vah kis sadan ka sadasy bana rahana chahata hai. jis sadan ka vah sadasy bana rahana chahata hai, usake atirikt doosare sadan ka usaka sthan rikt ho jaega. yadi vyakti chunav ayog ke sachiv ko aisi soochana nahian deta, to usaka rajyasabha ka sthan svat: hi 10 din ke bad samapt ho jaega.
3. yadi koee vyakti sansad ke kisi sadan ka pahale sadasy hai aur vah doosare sadan ke lie chuna jata hai to usake chunav ki tithi ke din usaki us sadan ki sadasyata samapt ho jaegi, jisaka vah pahale sadasy tha.
4. yadi koee vyakti sansad ke donoan sadanoan mean se kisi mean ya rajy ke vidhanamandal mean se kisi ke lie ek sthan se adhik sthan ke lie nirvachit ho jata hai to use ek sthan ko chho dakar any sthanoan se 14 din ke andar tyagapatr de dena chahie. yadi vah aisa nahian karata hai to usake sabhi sthan svat: hi samapt ho jaeange.
5. yadi rashtrapati use chunav ayog ki salah se sansad ki sadasyata ke lie ayogy thaharata hai to usaka sthan rikt ho jata hai.
6. vah lokasabha ke mamale mean lokasabhadhyaksh ko athava rajyasabha ke mamale mean uparashtrapati ko tyagapatr dekar apana sthan rikt kar sakata hai.
7. yadi vah dal badal qanoon ke adhin lokasabha ke mamale mean lokasabhadhyaksh dvara ya rajyasabha ke mamale mean uparashtrapati dvara ayogy thaharaya jata hai to usaka sthan rikt ho jata hai.

shapath grahan

sansad sadasyoan ko apana sthan grahan karane ke poorv rashtrapati athava usake dvara niyukt kisi vyakti ke samaksh shapath grahan karana p data hai. bina shapath grahan kiye koee bhi vyakti sansad ka sadasy nahian ban sakata. yadi kisi vyakti ne sansad sadasy ke roop mean shapath nahian grahan ki hai ya sansad ki sadasyata ke lie ayogy ghoshit kiya gaya hai ya sansad se nishkasit kar diya gaya hai, to vah sansad ki karravaee mean bhag nahian le sakata hai aur yadi vah sansad ki karravaee mean bhag leta hai to vah pratyek din ke lie, jab vah sansad ki karravaee mean bhag leta hai, 500 rupaye ke jurmane ka dayi hoga.

vetan aur bhatte

sansad sadasyoan ke vetan aur bhattoan ke sambandh mean vidhi nirman ka adhikar sansad ko diya gaya hai. sansad ne is adhikar ka prayog karake sansad sadasy vetan, bhatta aur peanshan adhiniyam, 1954 parit kiya hai. isamean ab tak kee bar sanshodhan kiye ja chuke haian. agast, 2006 mean sansad dvara ek bar pun: saansadoan ke vetan, bhatte aur peanshan mean sanshodhan se sambandhit vidheyak ko parit kiya gaya. vartaman samay mean (2006) sansad sadasy ko milane vala vetan, bhatta tatha any suvidhaean nimnalikhit prakar se h-

1. pratyek sansad sadasy ko prati mah 16,000 rupaye vetan nirdharit hai.
2. pratyek sansad sadasy ko athava usaki samitiyoan ki baithak ke dauran dainik bhatta 1000 rupaye tatha niji karyalay ke vyay hetu 23,000 rupaye (masik) diye jane ka pravadhan hai.
3. saansadoan ko nirvachan kshetr mean jane ke lie 20,000 rupaye bhatta (masik) diya jata hai.
4. sansad satr mean bhag lene hetu pratyek sansad sadasy ko apane nivas sthan (grih) se ate evan lautate samay relave ke pratham vatanukoolit shreni ka kiraya prapt hota hai. yah suvidha saansad ki patni ya pati ko bhi sulabh hoti hai.
5. sansad ke kary hetu yatra karane par saansadoan ko 13 rupaye prati kilomitar ki yatra bhatta dey hai.
6. pratyek sansad sadasy ko prati varsh 32 bar havaee yatra ki suvidha upalabdh hai. sath hi apani patni athava kisi bhi ek vyakti ke sath desh mean kahian par bhi vatanukoolit pratham shreni ki muft rel yatra karane ki suvidha prapt hai.
7. pratyek sansad sadasy ko 50,000 yoonit tak ni:shulk vidyut pradan ki jati hai.
8. pratyek sansad ko do telifon milate haian, jisamean se ek ko dilli mean tatha doosara ve nivas sthan ya nirvachan kshetr mean le sakate haian. in telifonoan se 1 lakh 20 hazar tak ki k aauls ki ja sakati haian.
9. har saansad ko dilli ke p aaush kshetr mean nyoonatam kiraye par shanadar avas milata hai.
10. kendr tatha rajy ke chikitsalayoan mean use ni:shulk ilaj ki suvidha hoti hai.
11. pratyek saansad ko 30,000 rupaye tak ka muft pharnichar upalabdh karaya jata hai.
12. pratyek saansad ko kendriy vidyalay mean har varsh do namaankan karavane ka bhi adhikar hai.
13. apane visheshadhikar ka prayog kar pratyek saansad prativarsh 100 telifon aur 160 elapiji kanekshan dila sakata hai.
14. vahan kharidane ke lie pratyek saansad ko bina byaz rrin suvidha upalabdh hoti hai.
15. saansad ka pad samapt hone ke bad vah ek vyakti ko sath lekar poore jivan kal mean vatanukoolit dvitiy shreni ki muft rel yatra kar sakata hai.
16. yadi sansad sadasy ki mrityu ho jati hai, to havaee jahaz, rel ya samudri jahaz ke dvara usake shav ko vahaan par bheja jata hai, jahaan par usake sambandhi chahate haian.
17. sansad dvara agast, 2006 mean saansadoan ke vetan, bhatte evan peanshan adhiniyam, 1954 mean sanshodhan karate hue sabhi poorv saansadoan ko 8000 rupaye pratimah nyoonatam peanshan prapt hone tatha karyashil saansad ke nidhan ki sthiti mean parivar ko 1500 rupaye pratimah peanshan upalabdh karane ka pravadhan kiya gaya hai. ab tak yah vyavastha thi ki do bar lokasabha chunav jitane ya kam se kam 4 varsh tak saansad rahane par hi poorv saansad peanshan ka adhikari hota tha. is prakar jab sansad sadasy padamukt ho jata tha to unhean 2500 rupaye pratimah peanshan milati thi. sath hi 1000 rupaye pratimah parivarik peanshan prapt tha. saansadoan ka varshik paikej 25 lakh rupaye ka hota tha.

uparyukt suvidhaoan ke alava pratyek saansad apane kshetr mean 2 karo d rupaye ka vikas kary karava sakata hai.

vetan tatha bhatte

• vetan - 16,000 rupaye pratimah
• dainik bhatta - 1000 rupaye
• sansadiy kshetr bhatta - 20,000 rupaye
• karyalay bhatta - 23,000 rupaye (3000 rupaye steshanari, 1000 rupaye chitthi-patri aur shesh karyalay ke kharch hetu)
• sansadiy kshetr bhatta - 13 rupaye prati kilomitar.

sadanoan mean ganapoorti

sansad ke sadanoan ki karravaee prarambh karane ke lie ganapoorti avashyak hai. ganapoorti ke lie sadan ke kul sadasyoan ke dasavean bhag (1/10) ka sadan mean upasthit rahana avashyak hai. is prakar vartaman mean rajyasabha aur lokasabha mean ganapoorti kramash: 25 aur 55 sadasyoan se hoti hai. yadi kisi samay sansad ke kisi sadan ki ganapoorti nahian hoti, to adhyaksh ya sabhapati tab tak ke lie sadan ki karravaee ko sthagit kar sakata hai, jab tak sadan ki ganapoorti n ho jae.

sansad ka sanyukt adhiveshan

sanvidhan ke anusar sansad ka sanyukt adhiveshan nimnalikhit sthiti mean bulaya jata hai-

1. lokasabha ke lie pratyek sadharan nirvachan ke bad pratham satr ke ambh mean, isamean rashtrapati apana abhibhashan deta hai.
2. pratyek varsh ke pratham satr ke arambh mean, usamean bhi rashtrapati apana abhibhashan deta hai.
3. yadi sansad ke donoan sadanoan ke bich dhan vidheyak ko chho dakar any kisi vidheyak (jisamean vitt vidheyak sammalit hai) ko parit karane ko lekar gatirodh utpann ho gaya ho. sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 108 ke tahat sansad ke donoan sadanoan ke bich asahamati ka hal dhandhane ke lie donoan sadanoan ki sanyukt baithak ka upabandh hai. yah asahamati is prakar ho sakati hai-

• yadi sansad ka ek sadan kisi vidheyak ko parit karake doosare sadan ko bhejata hai aur yadi doosara sadan us vidheyak ko asvikar kar deta hai,
• doosare sadan dvara vidheyak mean kiye gaye sanshodhan se pahala sadan asahamat hai, ya
• doosara sadan vidheyak ko 6 mas tak apane pas rok rakhata hai, to rashtrapati donoan sadanoan ke sanyukt baithak ko bula sakata hai.

sanvaidhanik pravadhanoan ke anusar rashtrapati donoan sadanoan ke bich asahamati hone par usaki sanyukt baithak ahoot karane ke apane ashay ki adhisoochana deta hai. yadi vidheyak lokasabha ka vighatan hone ke karan vyapagat ho gaya hai, to rashtrapati dvara aisi adhisoochana nahian nikali jaegi. kintu yadi rashtrapati ne sanyukt baithak karane ke apane ashay ki adhisoochana jari kar di hai to lokasabha ke pashchatavarti vighatan se sanyukt baithak mean koee badha nahian aegi. aisi sanyukt baithak ki adhyakshata lokasabha adhyaksh karata hai.

anuchchhed 118(4) ke anusar lokasabha ke adhyaksh ki anupasthiti mean vah vyakti pithasin hoga jo rashtrapati dvara banayi gayi prakriya ke niyamoan dvara avadharit ho. yah niyam rajyasabha ke sabhapati aur lokasabha ke adhyaksh ke paramarsh se banaye jayeange. upabandh ke anusar, "sanyukt baithak mean lokasabha adhyaksh ki anupasthiti mean ke dauran lokasabha ka upadhyaksh ya yadi vah bhi anupasthit hai to rajyasabha ka upasabhapati ya yadi vah bhi anupasthit hai to aisa any vyakti pithasin (adhyaksh) hoga jo us baithak mean upasthit sadasyoan ke dvara avadharit kiya jaye."

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lokasabha ka adhyaksh jo ki sanyukt baithak ya pithasin hota hai, hi sanyukt baithak ki prakriya aise roop, bhedoan tatha parivartanoan ke sath lagoo karata hai jaisa vah avashyak athava uchit samajhata hai. lokasabha ka mahasachiv pratyek sanyukt baithak ki karravaee ka sampoorn dastavez taiyar karata hai tatha use yathashighr aise roop mean tatha aisi niti se prakashit karata hai jaisa ki adhyaksh samay-samay par nirdesh deta hai.

sansad ke sanyukt adhiveshan ke lie ganapoorti donoan sadanoan ke sadasyoan ki kul sankhya ka 1/10 bhag hoti hai. anuchchhed 108 dvara vihit sanyukt baithak ki prakriya keval samany vidhayan tak hi simit hai, sanvidhan sanshodhan ke sambandh mean yah lagoo nahian hoti. dhyatavy hai ki sanvidhan sanshodhan (anuchchhed 368) vidheyak ko pratyek sadan dvara alag-alag vishesh bahumat se parit kiya jana avashyak hota hai.

desh ke sansadiy itihas mean ab tak keval tir bar kisi vivadit vidheyak ko parit karavane ke lie sansad ka sanyukt adhiveshan ahoot kiya gaya hai. pahali bar sanyukt adhiveshan 1961 mean pratham pradhanamantri pan. javahar lal neharoo ke kal mean dahej virodhi adhiniyam ko parit karane ke lie tatha doosari bar pradhanamantri moraraji desaee ke karyakal mean 1978 mean baikiang seva ayog vidheyak par vichar karane hetu ahoot kiya gaya tha. tisari bar sansad ka sanyukt adhiveshan 26 march, 2002 ko bahucharchit evan bahuvivadit atankavad virodhi vidheyak, 2002 parit karane ke uddeshy se ahoot kiya gaya.

prayog ki jane vali bhasha

sansad ki karravaee aangrezi ya hindi mean hogi, lekin lokasabha adhyaksh ya rajyasabha ka sabhapati kisi sadasy ko usaki matribhasha mean bolane ki anumati de sakata hai.

kary evan shaktiya

yadyapi sansad prabhusatta sampann nahian hai, lekin use nimnalikhit kary evan shaktiyaan sanvidhan dvara pradan ki gee haian-

vidhi nirman ki shakti

sansad ko satavian anusoochi ke sangh soochi tatha samavarti soochi mean antarvit vishayoan par vidhi nirman ka poorn adhikar hai, lekin use nimnalikhit sthitiyoan mean rajy soochi mean shamil kiye gaye vishayoan par bhi vidhi nirman ka adhikar hai–

1. jab rashtriy apat ya rajy mean apat sthiti pravartan mean ho (anuchchhed 250).
2. jab do ya do se adhik rajy ke vidhanamandal prastav parit karake sansad se vidhi nirman, ka anurodh karean (anuchchhed 252).
3. jab rajyasabha do tihaee bahumat se prastav parit karake sansad se vidhi nirman ka anurodh kare (anuchchhed 249).

vittiy shakti

sansad ko sangh ke vitt par poorn adhikar hai. prakkalan samiti tatha lok lekha samiti ka gathan sansad dvara kiya jata hai tatha bharat ki sanchit nidhi par sansad ka poorn niyatrann rahata hai. sansad dvara nirmit vidhi ke pravadhanoan ke anusar hi bharat ki sanchit nidhi se dhan nikala ja sakata hai. sansad ko akasmik nidhi ko bhi sthapit karane ka adhikar hai. sansad ke samaksh varshik bajat pesh kiya jata hai, jisamean varsh ke prakkalit praptiyoan tatha vyayoan ka vivaran hota hai. usake atirikt sansad ko viniyog vidheyak, anupoorak, atirikt ya adhik anudan, lekhanudan, pratyanudan tatha apavadanudan ke sambandh mean paryapt shakti hai. karadhan prastavoan ko pravartit karane hetu sansad ko vitt vidheyak parit karane ki shakti hai.

karyapalika sambandhi shakti

sansad sadasyoan mean se hi sattapaksh ke sadasyoan se mantri parishad ka gathan kiya jata hai. sansad sadasy kee prastavoan ke madhyam se mantriparishad par niyantran rakhate haian tatha mantriparishad ko sansad (visheshakar lokasabha) ke prati uttaradayi banaye rakhate haian.

rajyoan se sambandhit shakti

sansad rajyoan ke simaoan tatha namoan mean parivartan kar sakati hai, naye rajyoan ka gathan kar sakati hai, rajyoan ka vibhajan kar sakati hai tatha kee rajyoan ko milakar ek rajy bana sakati hai. sath hi kisi vidyaman rajy ko kisi vidyaman rajy mean mila sakati hai.

sanvidhan sanshodhan ki shakti

sansad ko sanvidhan mean sanshodhan karane ka adhikar hai, lekin sansad ko yah adhikar asimit nahian haian, kyoanki sansad sanvidhan sanshodhan dvara sanvidhan ke mool dhaanche ko parivartit nahian kar sakati hai.

nirvachan sambandhi kary

sansad ke nirvachit sadasy rashtrapati ke nirvachan mean bhag lete haian tatha sansad uparashtrapati ko nirvachit karati hai.

mahabhiyog ki shakti

anuchchhed 61 ke anusar sansad ko rashtrapati tatha uchchatam nyayalay evan uchch nyayalayoan ke nyadhishoan ko mahabhiyog prakriya ke dvara padamukt karane ka bhi adhikar hai.

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