सिंह

sianh
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jagat	jantu (Animalia)
sangh	k aaurdeta (Chordata)
varg	stanapayi (Mammalia)
gan	karnivora (Carnivora)
kul	failidi (Felidae)
jati	paianthera (Panthera)
prajati	liyo (leo)
dvipad nam	paianthera liyo (Panthera leo)
any janakari	sianh b de vidaloan mean ekamatr aisa janavar hai, jo samooh ya jhuand mean rahata hai.

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sianh (lio ya paianthara lio), phailidi kul ka b da aur shaktishali vi dal, bagh ke bad doosara b da vi dal hai. kahaniyoan mean jangal ka raja kahalane vala yah janavar prachin kal se hi sabase adhik jana-pahachana jangali pashu raha hai, ab yah mukhyatah afrika mean sahara ke dakshini kshetr mean paya jata hai. eshiyaee nasl ke kuchh sau sianh bharat ke gujarat rajy ke gir rashtriy udyan mean k de sanrakshan mean rah rahe haian. sianh ke pasandida paryavasoan mean ghas ke khule maidan haian. qaid mean sianh ka any vi daloan ke sath prajanan karavaya jata hai. sianh aur mada bagh ke varnasankar ko laigar kahate haian, jabaki bagh aur mada sianh se taiag aaun aur teandue aur mada sianh se liopon paida hote haian. ameriki, maiksiki ya paha di sianh felisi jati ke nee duniya ke sadasy haian.

roop aur akriti

sianh lanbe sharir, chhote pair, b de sir v mazaboot maansapeshiyoan vala vidal hai. isamean nar v mada ke akar-prakar mean bhinnata paee jati hai.

nar

• ek poorn vayask nar lagabhag 1.8 mitar se 2.1 mitar lanba hota hai, jisamean isaki 1 mitar lanbi pooanchh shamil nahian hai. kandhe tak isaki ooanchaee lagabhag 1.2 mitar aur vazan 170 kilogram se 230 kilogram ke bich hota hai.
• sianh ki khal ka rang halka pila, narangi-bhoora ya chaandi jaise sleti se lekar gadhe bhoore rang ka hota hai aur isaki pooanchh ke sir par khal ki tulana mean gahare rang ke baloan ka guchchha hota hai.
• nar ki visheshata usake ayal hote haian, jo alag-alag sianhoan mean bhinn-bhinn prakar ke hote haian. kuchh mean ayal bilkul nahian hote, kuchh mean chehare par jhalar ki tarah hote haian aur kuchh mean ye lanbe aur laharate hue hote haian, jo sir ke pichhe se shuroo hote hue gardan, kandhe ko dhakate hue gale aur chhati se jhalar banate hue pet se ju de hote haian. kuchh mean ayal aur jhalar atyant gahare rang, lagabhag kale rang ke hote haian. jo sianh ko rajasi aandaz pradan karate haian.

mada

• mada, yani sianhani chhote qad ki hoti hai, jisaki lanbaee 1.5 mitar kandhe tak ooanchaee 0.9 mitar se 1 mitar tak aur vazan 120 se 180 kilogram hota hai.
• sianhani adhikatar bhoori-pili ya retile rang ki hoti hai.

[[chitr:Lion-Gir-Forest-National-Park-2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|sianhani, gir van rashtriy udyan]]

nivas

sianh b de vidaloan mean ekamatr aisa janavar hai, jo samooh ya jhuand mean rahata hai. ek samooh athava jhuand mean kee pidhiyoan ki ek-doosare se sanbandhit sianhaniyaan hoti haian, jinake sath shavak aur ek ya do vayask nar hote haian, jo apani grihakshetr ki sima ki raksha karate haian aur mada ke sath sahavas karate haian. nar sianh parivar mean bahar se ate haian, jo parivar ko any bahari naroan se bachane ki apani kshamata ke anusar, us parivar mean kuchh mahinoan se kee sal tak rahate haian. ek parivar mean kam se kam 4 se lekar adhikatam 37 sadasy tak ho sakate haian, lekin ausatan isamean 15 sadasy hote haian. pratyek parivar ki apani nirdharit kshetr-sima hoti hai; jahaan shikar bahutayat mean upalabdh ho, vahaan kshetr-sima 20 varg kilomitar tak simit ho sakati hai, lekin shikar ki kami vale kshetroan mean yah 400 varg kilomitar tak hoti hai. nar shavakoan ko tin varsh ka hone par parivar se nishkasit kar diya jata hai aur yah tab tak (paanch varsh ki ayu tak) khanabadosh ki tarah ghoomata rahata hai, jab tak vah naye kisi jhuand par qabza karane ki kshamata n hasil kar le. lekin kee vayask nar jivanaparyant khanabadosh rahate haian. kuchh mada shavak yaun paripakvata hasil karane par parivar mean hi rahati haian, jabaki shesh ko any parivaroan mean jane ke lie badhy kar diya jata hai. ek parivar ke sadasy din mean bhinn-bhinn samoohoan mean ghoomate haian, lekin shikar ka pichha karane ya shikar khane ke lie ye ikattha ho sakate haian.

upasthiti ki ghoshana

sianh apani garjana aur gandh ke nishan se apane kshetr ki ghoshana karata hai. sianh ki vikhyat garjana amataur par rat ke shikar se pahate sham ko tatha phir prabhat hone par uthane se pahale hoti hai. nar sianh jha diyoan, pe doan aur maudan par peshab dvara tikhi gandh chho dakar bhi apani upasthiti ki ghoshana karata hai. jha diyoan se sharir rag dane aur malatyag dvara bhi gandh chho di jati hai.[[chitr:Lion-Gir-Forest-National-Park.jpg|thumb|250px|sianhani, gir van rashtriy udyan]]

shikar

sianh chhote barahasianga aur baboon se lekar bhaians aur dariyaee gho de jaise b de jantuoan tak, kee tarah ke janavaroan ka shikar karata hai, lekin vah madhyam se b de akar ke khuravale janavaroan, jaise vildarabist, zebra, ianpala aur any mrigoan ka shikar karana pasand karata hai. sianh kisi bhi prakar ke prapt maans ko kha leta hai, chahe vah s da ho ya taza, jise vah bal prayog kar ya darakar lak dabagghe se hasil kar leta hai. jhuand ke lie adhikaansh shikar sianhani karati hai. shikar karate samay sianh hava ki disha ka dhyan nahian rakhata, jo isake shikar tak isaki gandh pahuancha deti hai. sianh tho da sa bhagakar thak jata hai, isilie shikar mean ise adhikatar asaphalata milati hai. isilie sianhani ya sianh, har upalabdh avaran ka istemal karate hue dhairyapoorvak shikar ka pichha karate haian aur phir achanak chhoti kiantu tez dau d se shikar par jhapat p date haian. shikar par koodane ke bad sianhani usaki gardan par jhapatakar usaka dam ghutane tak daant g dae rahati hai. itane mean parivar ke any sadasy shikar khane ke lie ghera bana lete haian. shikar ke maans ke lie hone vali jh dapoan mean nar ko sarvadhik aur shavakoan ko kam ya kuchh bhi nahian milata. sianhaniyaan kee bar samooh mean shikar karati haian. samooh ke sadasy viparit dishaoan se shikar pashuoan ke jhuand ko gherakar bhagad d mean shikar ka prayas karate haian.[[chitr:Lions-4.jpg|thumb|left|sianh gir van rashtriy udyan]]

sianh aur sianhani pet bhar shikar ka maans kha lete haian aur phir usake bad isake samip hi kee dinoan tak aram karate haian. ek bar mean 34 kilogram se adhik maans khane ke bad ek vayask nar dubara shikar ki khoj mean jane se pahale ek saptah tak vishram kar sakata hai. yadi kshetr mean shikar bahutayak mean hai, to nar aur mada, donoan ek din mean do ya tin ghante hi shikar ki khoj mean nikalate haian, jabaki qarib 20 ghante vishram karane, sone aur baithane mean guzar dete haian.

parivarik ikaee

nar aur mada, donoan bahugami hote haian aur varsh bhar prajanan kar sakate haian, lekin mada amataur par parivar ke ek ya do naroan se hi maithun karati hai. qaid mean sianh adhikatr har varsh prajanan karate haian, lekin jangal mean ye do varshoan mean ek se adhik bar prajanan nahian karate. garbhavadhi lagabhag 108 dinoan ki hoti hai aur ek bar mean ek se chhah shavak janm le sakate haian. halaanki ausatan do se char shavak hi janm lete haian. navajat shishu asahay aur band aankhoan vala hota hai aur isaki moti tvacha par gahare nishan hote haian, jo umr ke sath-sath mit jate haian. tin mahine ki umr se shavak apani maan ka anusaran karane yogy ho jata haian aur chhah se sat mahine ka hone par maan ka doodh pina chho d deta hai. 11 mahine ka hone tak vah shikar mean bhag lene lagata hai. lekin sanbhavatah do sal ka hone tak vah apane boote jivanayapan nahian kar sakata hai. usamean yaun paripakvata tin se char varsh ke bich ati hai. shavakoan mean mrityudar adhik hoti hai aur vayask ath se das varsh ke adhik nahian jite, jisaka mukhy karan hai iansanoan aur any sianhoan dvara in par hamala tatha inake shikar dvara pratiraksha mean chubhae ge siang aur pairoan ki mar, lekin bandi avastha mean sianh 25 varsh ya isase bhi adhik jivit rah sakata hai. thumb|right|sianh

vilupt

abhinootan yug, (plaistosin 16 lakh se 10 hazar varsh poorv) ke dauran sianhoan ka bhaugolik vistar vyapak tha. sanpoorn uttari amerika, afrika, balkan ke adhikaansh bhagoan, anatoliya aur madhy-poorv se lekar bharat tak inaka avas tha. lagabhag 10 hazar varsh poorv ve uttari amerika se vilupt ho ge, lagabhag 2 hazar varsh poorv balkan se aur eesaeeyoan ke dharmayuddh ke dauran ve filistin se bhi vilupt ho ge. 20vian sadi ke aant me inaki sankhya ghatakar 10 hazar hi rah gee. rashtriy udyanoan ke bahar sthit inake paryavas ke kshetr krishi mean kam ane lage. tanzaniya ke sereangeti aur any rashtriy udyanoan mean paryatako ke akarshan ka keandr hone ke karan inaka sanrakshan surakshit pratit hota hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

1. REDIRECT saancha:jiv jantu