सिक्किम

40px
sikkim
200px|center
rajadhani	gangatok
rajabhasha(ean)	leph‍cha, bhootiya, limh‍boo
sthapana	16 mee, 1975
janasankhya	5,40,493
· ghanatv	76 /varg kimi
kshetraphal	7,096 varg kimi
bhaugolik nirdeshaank	27°20′N 88°37′E
jalavayu	ushnakatibandhiy aur shitoshn
tapaman	18 °C
· grishm	28 °C
· sharad	0 °C
zile	4
sabase b da nagar	gangatok
liang anupat	1000:875 ♂/♀
saksharata	69.68 %
· stri	61.46%
· purush	76.73%
rajyapal	shrinivas patil
mukhyamantri	pavan kumar chamaliang
vidhanasabha sadasy	32
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
adyatan‎	19:53, 22 mee 2014 (IST)
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sikkim bharat ka ek parvatiy rajy hai. sikkim ki janasankhya bharat ke rajyoan mean nyoonatam hai aur kshetraphal gova ke bad nyoonatam hai. sikkim namagyal rajatantr dvara shasit svatantr rajy tha. 1975 mean hue janamat-sangrah ke bad yah bharat mean vilin ho gaya. is janamat sangrah ke bad rajashahi ka ant aur bharatiy sanvidhan ki niyam-pranali ke aantargat yahaan prajatantr ka uday hua. thumb|220px|left|buddh mandir, sikkim aangoothe ke akar ka yah rajy pashchim mean nepal, uttar aur poorv mean chini tibbat kshetr aur dakshin-poorv mean bhootan se ghira hua hai. bharat ka pashchim bangal rajy isake dakshin mean hai. aangrezi, nepali, lepcha, bhootiya, lianboo tatha hindi isaki adhikarik bhashaean haian, parantu shasakiy kary mean aangrezi ka hi prayog hota hai. hindoo dharm aur vajrayan bauddh dharm yahaan ke pramukh dharm hai. rajy ki rajadhani aur sabase b da shahar 'gangatok' hai.

namagyal rajavansh 1642 mean sthapit hua isake bad ke agale 150 varshoan mean rajy par nepali akramanakari ate rahe, chhape marate rahe aur pradesh ne bahut hani uthayi. usake bad se hi yah prant bharat ke british shasakoan ke sath sanbaddh tha. is tarah sikkim ek british sanrakshit rajy bana aur 1975 mean ek janamat sangrah ke bad isaka vilay bharat ganarajy mean ho gaya.

chhote akar ka hone ke bad bhi sikkim bhaugolik drishti se vibhinntaoan se bhara hai. 'kanchanajanga' jo duniya ki tisari sabase ooanchi paha di choti hai, sikkim ke uttari pashchimi bhag mean nepal ki sima par hai. is parvat shikhar ko pradesh ke kee bhagoan se dekha ja sakata hai. sikkim rajy ka saf suthara hona, prakritik suandarata se bhara hua aur rajanitik sthirata hona, inhian visheshataoan se yah bharat ke paryatan ka pramukh kendr mana ja hai.

itihas

sikkim ka praranbhik itihas 13vian shatabdi mean uttari sikkim ke kab luangatsok lepcha raja thek aaung tek aur tibbati yuvaraj khye boomasa ke bich rakt sanbandh aur bhaee chare ke samajhaute par hastakshar karane se aranbh hota hai. sanh 1641 mean tibbat ke mananiy lama santoan ne pashchimi sikkim ke yukasam namak praant ki aitihasik yatra ki, vahaan unhoanne khe-hoomasa ke chhathi pidhi ke vanshaj phuantsog namagyal ka sikkim ke pahale raja ke roop mean abhishek kiya. is prakar sikkim ke 'namagyal' rajavansh ka uday hua. samay samay par parivartan ke sath sikkim prant ke nagarikoan ne lokataantrik prakriya ko apanaya aur 1975 mean vah bharatiy sangh ka abhinn aang ban gaya. thumb|220px|left|gangatok ghati, sikkim sikkim mean sabhi samudayoan ke log apasi prem aur sadbhavana se rahate haian. sikkim mean vibhinn dharmoan se ju de log haian aur yah bharatiy sangh mean sampradayik sadbhav aur sarvadhik shaanti vala rajy hai.

bhoogol

rajy ka kul kshetraphal 7,096 varg kilomitar hai. isaka bhoo bhag uttar se dakshin tak 112 kilomitar tatha poorv se pashchim tak 64 kilomitar mean phaila hua hai. yah uttar-poorv himachal mean 27 digri 00'46" se 28 digri 07'48" uttari akshaansh aur 88 digri 00'58" se 88 digri 55'25" poorv deshaantar ke madhy sthit hai.

vishv ki tisari sabase b di aur ooanchi choti 'kanchanajanga', jise sikkim ki raksha devi mana jata hai, apani prakritik sauandary ki chhata bikherati hai. jaiv vividhataoan se bhare duniya ke 18 pramukh kshetroan mean se ek sikkim hai. sikkim himalay jaiv vividhata se bharapoor hai. rajy mean avrittabiji vanaspatiyoan ki 5000 prajatiyaan milati haian. sikkim ki dogikya shreni mean hi nathula darra sthit hai. desh bhar mean paee jane vali avrittabiji prajatiyoan ki ye ek tihaee hai. sikkim mean phooladar paudhoan ki 4000 prajatiyaan, 300 parnaang aur sambandhit prajatiyaan, aaurchid ki 450 se 500 prajatiyaan, rododeandron ki 36 prajatiyaan, baanj ki 40 prajatiyaan, praimuls aur baans ki 30 se 40 prajatiyaan, stanadhariyoan ki 144 prajatiyaan, pakshiyoan ki 500 se 600 prajatiyaan, titaliyoan aur kitoan ki 400 se adhik prajatiyaan aur sarisripoan ki bahut si prajatiyaan paee jati hai. durlabh nili bhe d, tibbati mastiph, yal aur lal paanda bhi yahaan par pae jate haian.

krishi

[[chitr:Yumthang-Valley.jpg|thumb|250px|yumathaang ghati, sikkim]]

• tista nadi ko sikkim ki jivan rekha kaha jata hai.
• sikkim moolat: krishi pradhan hai. rajy ki 64 pratishat se adhik janasankhya jivanayapan ke lie krishi par hi nirbhar hai.
• sikkim mean krishi yogy bhoomi lagabhag 1,09,000 hekteyar hai. yah kul bhaugolik kshetr ka 15.36 pratishat hai. krishak
• samanyat: milijuli fasalean ugate haian. makka, chaval, gehooan, aloo, b di ilayachi, adarak aur santara yahaan ki pramukh fasalean haian. desh mean b di ilayachi ka sabase adhik utpadan karane vala rajy sikkim hai. isake adhikaansh bhoo-bhag mean ilayachi ka utpadan hota hai. adarak, aloo, santara tatha gair-mausami sabjiyaan yahaan ki any nakadi fasalean haian.

udyog

sikkim audyogik roop se pichh da rajy ghoshit kiya gaya hai, kintu kee sadiyoan pahale yahaan dastakari par adharit paranparagat sikkim kutir udyog haian. lepcha log baans ke saman, lak di ke saman, dhaga bunaee aur galiche ki bunaee paranparagat tarikoan se bahut hi kushalata se karate haian, bhootiya jati ke logoan ko galicha aur kanbal bunaee ki prachin tibbati paddhati mean maharat hasil haian aur nepali log dhatu, chaandi aur lak di ke saman ki karigari mean bahut hi nipun hote haian. 'sikkim jvailas limited' rajy ka nazuk upakaran banane vala udyog hai. yahaan pani tatha bijali ke mitaroan aur gh diyoan ke lie jvail biyariangs banaee jati haian. rajy mean is udyog ki 10 sahayak ikaiyaan sthapit haian jinamean ghadiyoan ke lie purje banae jate haian. 'sikkim audyogik vikas' tatha 'nivesh nigam limited (sidiko)' kutir, laghu udyog, hotal, aspatal, narsiang hom aur taiksiyaan kharidane ke lie dirghavadhi rrin upalabdh karata hai.

dekhean:bharat ek jhalak

telangana aandhr pradesh arunachal pradesh asam bihar chhattisagadh rashtriy rajadhani kshetr dilli gova gujarat hariyana himachal pradesh jammoo aur kashmir jharakhand karnatak keral madhy pradesh maharashtr manipur meghalay mizoram nagalaiand u disa panjab rajasthan sikkim tamilanadu tripura uttarakhand uttar pradesh pashchim bangal aandaman evan nikobar dvipasamooh chanh‍digadh dadara tatha nagar haveli daman aur div lakshadvip puducheri

sianchaee aur bijali

dasavian panchavarshiy yojana mean 34,118 hekteyar krishi bhoomi ko sianchaee suvidha upalabdh karane ka lakshy hai. rajy mean bijali ki kul kshamata 36 megav aaut hai. yah 123 em vi e ki traans ph aaurameshan kshamata ke sath panabijali paradharit hai. rangit haidril pariyojana ki 560 megav aaut kshamata hai. rajy ki kul vidyut lagabhag 8,000 megav aaut hai. tista ghati pariyojana poorvi zile ke nadi ke bahav par hai aur isaki kshamata 510 megav aaut hai.

parivahan

• gangatok s dak marg se darjiliang, kalianpoang, siligu di tatha sikkim ke sabhi zila mukhyalayoan se ju da hai. 41 ki.mi. rashtriy rajamarg sahit, rajy mean s dakoan ki kul lanbaee 2,383 kimi hai. isamean se 873.40 kimi s dakean sima s dak sangathan ne banavayi hai. rashtriy rajamarg 31A siligu di aur gangatok ko jo data hai . yah marg sikkim mean rangpo mean pravesh karane ke bad tista nadi ke samanantar chalata hai.

left|sikkim ka manachitr|thumb

• melli se ane vale rajamarg ki ek shakha pashchimi sikkim ko jo dati hai. sikkim ke dakshini aur pashchimi shahar sikkim ko uttari pashchimi bangal ke parvatiy shahar kalimpoang aur darjiliang se jo date haian. rajy mean chaupahiya vahan lokapriy haian, kyoanki ye chattani chadhaiyoan ko asani se par karane mean saksham hote haian. chhoti basean rajy ke chhote shaharoan ko rajy aur zila mukhyalayoan se jo dati haian .
• rajy ke nikatavarti relave steshan siligu di (113 kimi) aur nyoo jalapaeegu di (125 kimi) haian jahaan se kolakata, dilli, guvahati, lakhanoo tatha desh ke any mahattvapoorn shaharoan ke lie aya jaya ja sakata hai.
• sikkim mean koee havaee adda nahian hai. samipatam havaeeadda bagadogara havaeeadda, siligu di, pashchim bangal mean hai . yah havaeeadda gangatok se 124 kimi door hai. gangatok aur bagadogara ke bich rajy dvara bahut hi sasti daroan par helik aauptar seva upalabdh karaee gee hai, jisaki u dan 30 minat lambi hai, din mean keval ek bar chalati hai aur keval 4 logoan ko le ja sakati hai . gangatok hailipaid rajy ka ekamatr asainik hailipaid hai. rajy mean zila tatha upamandal mukhyalayoan, mahattvapoorn paryatan sthaloan ko jo dane ke lie kee helipedoan ka nirman karaya gaya hai.

soochana praudyogiki

rajy mean ek naya vibhag 'soochana praudyogiki vibhag' banaya gaya hai aur is vibhag ko pramukhata dene ke lie vrihad pariyojanaean chalayi gee haian. vibhag ne sikkim ke vishay mean vebasait bananii shuroo ki haian. soochana upakaranoan ke sath rajy ki ee-shasan yojana bhi chal rahi hai.

tyohar

sikkim ke nagarik bharat ke sabhi pramukh hindoo tyohar dipavali aur dashahara manate haian . bauddh dharm ke lhosar, loosoang, saga dava, lhabab dyuchen, drupaka teshi aur bhoomachoo ve tyohar haian jo manaye jate haian . sikkim rajy mean mukhy roop se bhotiya, lepcha aur nepali samudayoan ke log haian. maghe sankraanti, durgapooja, lakshmipooja aur chaitr dasaee/ram navami, dasee tyohar, sonam losooang, namasooang, tendog halo room phat (tendoang parvat ki pooja), losar, tibbati nav varsh, jo madhy disanbar mean ata hai. is samay adhikatar sarakari karyalay evan paryatak kendr hafte bhar ke liye band hote haian . losar rajy ke pramukh tyohar hai. any tyoharoan mean sakeva ( ray), sonam lochar (guruang), barahimazog (magar), adi shamil haian.

paryatan

thumb|150px|phodoang math, sikkim [[chitr:Enchey-Monastery.jpg|thumb|150px|eanchey math, gangatok]] [[chitr:Namgyal-Institute-of-Tibetology.jpg|thumb|150px|namagyal tibbat adhyayan sansthan, gangatok]] [[chitr:Tashiding-Monastery.jpg|thumb|150px|tashidiang math]] [[chitr:Dubdi-Gompa-Yuksom-1.jpg|thumb|150px|dubdi math]]

sikkim apane prakritik hare-bhare paudhoan, jangaloan, darshaniy ghatiyoan aur parvatamalaoan aur bhavy saanskritik dharohar ke lie prasiddh hai. yahaan ke shaantipriy logoan ke karan se yah pradesh paryatakoan ke lie surakshit svarg ke saman hai. rajy sarakar paryavaran se mitratapoorn paryatan tatha tirth paryatan ko protsahan de rahi hai, jisase yahaan ane vale log sikkim ki jivanashaili aur prakritik paryatan ka anand le sakean. rajy sarakar dakshin sikkim mean chaimachey gaanv mean 'himalayan seantar ph aaur edaveanchar toorizm' ki sthapana kar rahi hai.

eanchey math

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

'eanchey math' gangatok ke prasiddh bauddh dharmik sthaloan mean se ek hai. yah math pooja ka bahut hi pavitr aur suandar sh‍than hai. ek pauranik katha ke anusar, yah math jo bauddh dharm ke vajrayana nyingama samaj ke aantargat ata hai, ek aise sthan mean maujood hai, jis par lama drupatheb karapo ka ashirvad barasata hai. 'eanchey math' ka arth hai- 'ekant math' aur isake atirikt ek aur kathan hai ki yah jagah hamari raksha karane vale devataoan 'kaangachenh‍dajoanga' aur 'yabadiyan' ki upasthiti ke lie pavitr hai.

namagyal tibbat adhyayan sansthan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

yah' sikkim rajy ki rajadhani gangatok sthit ek tibbati sangrahalay hai. yah tibbati sahity aur shilp ka anootha bhandar hai. varsh bhar yahaan paryatakoan ka ana-jana hota hai. bharat mean is prakar ka yah ekamatr sansthan hai. yah samudr tal se lagabhag 5500 phut ki ooanchaee par sthit hai. sikkim ke shasak 11vean chogayal, sar tashi namagyal ne 1958 mean isaki sthapana ki thi. desh ke pratham pradhanamantri javahar lal neharoo ne 1 aktoobar, 1958 ko is sansthan ka vidhivat udghatan kiya tha.

tashidiang math

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

pashchimi sikkim mean prasiddh tashidiang math bhi hai, jo sikkim ke sabhi mathoan mean sabase pavitr mana jata hai. bauddh granthoan ke anusar guru padmasanbhav ne 8vian shatabdi mean yahian par sikkimavasiyoan ko ashirvad diya tha. yahaan ek prasiddh chortan hai, jisake liye tashidiang prasiddh hai. ise 'thoang-varang-dol' kaha jata hai, jisaka arth hai- 'ek jhalak mean mukti dene vala' aur tadanusar yah mana jata hai ki chortan ki ek jhalak se shraddhaluoan ke sare pap dhul jate haian.

dubdi math

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

sikkim ke prasiddh dharmik nagar yukasom mean sthit yah prasiddh bauddh math hai. yah sikkim mean pahala sthapit aur sabase purana math hai. is math ki sthapana 1701 ee. mean huee thi. dubdi math ek paha di ke oopar sthit hai aur yukasom se adhe ghante paidal chalakar yahaan pahuancha ja sakata hai. is math ko "sannyasiyoan ka math" bhi kaha jata tha. isake sansthapak 'lh‍hatasun namakha jigme' the. sikkim mean apani sthapana ke samay ke dauran se yah char any nirmit mathoan ke bich jivit math hai.

sikkim ka pramukh bauddh math peliang mean sthit pemayangatse hai. rajy ka sabase prachin math 'yukasom' hai, jise 'drabadi math' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. yah lahatasun chempoan (sikkim ke pramukh sant) ka vyaktigat ashram tha, jo lagabhag 1700 eesvi mean bana tha. any mathoan ke nam haian- pemayangatse, rumatek, nagadak, phodoang, ahaly, tsukalakhaang, raloang, lachen, ianche, do-drool chorten.

isake atirikt kuchh hindoo mandir bhi haian- gangatok ke madhy mean sthit pramukh roop se jana jane vala 'thakuraba di'. isake bad dakshin zile ki ek pavitr gufa hai, jisamean ek shivaliang hai jo is gufa ko jagamata hai, jahaan koee roshani nahian pahuanch pati hai. rajy mean kuchh mahattvapoorn gurudvare aur masjidean bhi haian aur unamean se pramukh gangatok aur ravanagala mean haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh