सिपाही क्रांति 1857

sipahi svatantrata sangram ka prarambh merath se 10 mee, 1857 ee. ko hua tha, lekin isake poorv hi baharamapur aur bairakapur ki chhavaniyoan ke sainikoan mean asantosh ke lakshan prakat ho chuke the. 28 march, 1857 ee. ko mangal pande namak bharatiy sainik ne din-daha de ek aangrez padadhikari ko mar dala. us samay jo vidroh hua, vah jald hi daba diya gaya. phir bhi vidrohagni bhitar hi bhitar dhadhakati rahi aur grishm rritu ke madhy mean isaki jvala bh dak uthi.

kraanti ke karan

is kraanti ke rajanitik, samajik, dharmik aur sainik kee karan the. l aaurd dalahauzi dvara god pratha ka ant tatha deshi rajyoan ko kushasan ke bahane h dapane ki niti se bharatiy rajyoan ke shasakoan ko apana sianhasan bachane ki chinta pi dit karane lagi thi. doosari or gaddi se hataye ge shasak tatha unake ashrit bekari tatha arthabhav se pi dit hokar aangrezoan se dvesh karane lage. aise apadasth shasakoan mean se peshava bajirav dvitiy ke dattak putr nana sahab aur jhaansi ki rani lakshmibaee ne vidroh ko sangathit karane mean pramukh evan sakriy bhag liya. jhaansi ki rani ne mrityu paryant aangrezoan se virata poorvak yuddh kiya.

bharatiyoan ka asantosh

rajyapaharan ki niti tatha apahrit rajyoan, visheshakar avadh mean nayi bhoomi-vyavastha se zamiandaroan aur sadharan janata mean atyant asantosh vyapt hua; inamean se adhikaansh ve log the, jo sainy seva se mukt hone ke karan bekar ho ge the. shikshit bharatiyoan ko unaki yogyata ke anuroop naukariyaan, l aaurd maikale jaise padhe-likhe aangrezoan dvara hindoo janata ki khuli bhartsana, hindoo dharm ki eesaee mishanariyoan dvara khuli alochana, sati pratha aur shishu bali ka nishedh, hindoo vidhavaoan ke purnavivah ko vaidhanik roop dena, kisi hindoo dvara eesaee dharm svikar kar lene par uttaradhikar se vanchit hone par rok tatha rel, tar-dak adi ka prasar in sabake sammilit prabhav ne hinduoan ke mastishk mean yah bhavana bhar di ki unaka dharm sankat mean hai aur aangrezoan dvara aise kutsit prayas kiye jo rahe haian, jinase vivash hokar unhean eesaee dharm svikar karana p dega. antat: jis bharatiy sainyabal ka british samrajy ki sthapana evan nirman mean mahattvapoorn yogadan tha, usamean bhi gahara asantosh vyapt ho gaya.

bharatiy sainikoan ki mushkilean

bharatiy sainik ka vetan tatha bhatta bharatiy sashastr sena mean niyukt aangrez sainik ki apeksha bahut hi kam tha tatha usaki padonnati ke marg mean anek kathinaiyaan thian. bharatiy sainik ko barma tatha afaganistan jaise doorasth deshoan ke yuddh kshetroan tak apana saman adi le jane ka vyay svayan hi vahan karana p data tha aur aise desh, dharm tatha jati-paanti ke niyamoan aur bandhanoan ke karan, hinduoan ke lie varjit the, kyoanki isase unake jatichyut hone ka bhay tha. ek jyeshthatam sarvochch bharatiy sainik ko bhi bahudha kanishth aangrez padadhikari ke adhin kary karana p data tha. in samast karanoan se bharatiy padati sena mean atyant asantosh tha, jabaki samast bharatiy sainyashakti mean aangrez sainikoan ki sankhya keval paanchavaan bhag thi, arthath 2,33,000 mean se 45,322 aangrez sainik the. isase spasht hai ki bharatiy sipahiyoan ko bharat mean aangrezi samrajy banaye rakhane aur apani shakti evan mahatta ka garv tha. kintu bharatiy sena mean sevarat aangrezoan ki tulana mean unake prati jo hey vyavahar kiya jata tha, usane unamean aangrezoan ke prati tivr asantosh utpann kiya.

charbi vale karatoos

bharatiy padati sena ka yah asantosh us samay hatasha mean parivartit hua, jab un par charbi lage hue karatoosoan ke sath enfild rayafalean (bandooqean) ladi geean, jinase hindoo aur musalaman donoan hi dharmoan ke sipahiyoan ko dharmabhrasht hone ka bhay hua. is prakar kuchh din poorv se hi sulagati huee asantosh ki agni mean charbi lage karatoosoan ne ahuti ka kary kiya aur isake phalasvaroop vidroh ki jvala bh dak uthi.

vidrohiyoan ki saphalata

prarambh mean vidrohiyoan ko vishesh saphalata mili. 10 mee, 1857 ee. ko merath se chalakar doosare hi din unhoanne dilli par adhikar kar liya aur bahadur shah zafar ko, jo keval ek kathaputali shasak matr tha, dilli ka samrat ghoshit kar diya gaya. dilli par adhikar kar lene se vidrohiyoan ki pratishtha badh gee aur agale do mahinoan mean hi yah vidroh avadh aur roohelakhand mean bhi phail gaya. rajapootana mean sthit nasirabad, gvaliyar rajy mean nimach, vartaman uttar pradesh mean bareli, lakhanoo, varanasi aur kanapur ki chhavaniyoan ke sipahiyoan ne bhi aangrezoan ke viruddh vidroh kar diya. udhar bundelakhand mean vidroh ka netritv karati huee jhaansi ki rani lakshmibaee ne un sabhi yooropiyanoan ko, jo usake hathoan mean p date ge, mar dala. vidroh prarambh hone par sabhi or se vidrohi dilli ki or chal p de. keval kanupar mean sthit aangrezi sainik chhavani aur lakhanoo mean rejidensi ka ghera dal diya gaya.

lakshy ka abhav

kanapur ke nikat bithoor mean nana sahab ko peshava ghoshit kiya gaya, isase yah spasht ho gaya ki vidrohiyoan mean kisi sunishchit lakshy ka abhav hai. unaka lakshy kya tha-mugal samrat ko pun: sianhasanasin karake bharat mean musalamani rajy ki pun: sthapana, athava brahman peshava ke adhin hindoo rajy ki sthapana? samast vidroh kal mean uddeshyoan mean yahi aspashtata bani rahi, jisase usaki shakti shithil hoti chali gee. prarambh mean yah lakshyahinata spasht n thi aur bharat mean aangrezi shasan ke lie vastavik bhay utpann ho gaya tha. dilli, kanapur, lakhanoo aur bundelakhand is vidroh ke mukhy kendr ban ge the. aangrezi satta, jo prarambhik praharoan se daanvadol ho rahi thi, dhire-dhire sikkhoan, gorakhoan aur dakshin bharat ki sainik chhavaniyoan se laye ge sainikoan ke dvara phir se sthapit ho gee. 14 sitambar, 1857 ee. ko dilli par unaka pun: adhikar ho gaya aur kanapur par bhi 27 joon, 1857 ee. ko adhikar kar liya gaya. 25 sitambar ko lakhanoo ka ghera bhi to d diya gaya, kintu shahar poona vidrohiyoan ke hathoan mean p d jane ke karan 5 navambar ko us par adhikar ho saka. isi bich sar kalin kaimpabel, senadhyaksh aur sar hyooroj sadrish do vishesh anubhavi afasaroan ke netritv mean aangrezoan ki nee sena bhi a gee.

vidroh ka daman

kaimpabel ne avadh aur ruhelakhand mean vidroh ka daman kiya aur sar hyooroj ne bundelakhand mean. usane jhaansi ki rani ko lagatar kee yuddhoan mean parast kiya, parantu rani viratapoorvak l dati huee viragati ko prapt huee. tatya tope ko, jo nana sahab ka senapati tha, bandi banakar faansi de di gee. 14 sitambar ko jab dilli par aangrezoan ka pun: adhikar hua, bahadurashah dvitiy ko bandi banakar rangoon (vartaman yaangoon) bhej diya gaya, jahaan usaki mrityu ho gee. usake do putroan aur pautroan ko karnal hadsan ne bina kisi nyayik jaanch ke goli se u da diya. nana sahab nepal ki taraf taraee ke jangaloan ki or bhag gaya aur phir usaka pata n laga. 8 julaee, 1858 ee. ko tatkalin gavarnar-janaral l aaurd kainiang ne vidroh ki samapti aur shanti sthapana ki ghoshana ki.

kampani rajy ki samapti

vidroh kal mean donoan hi pakshoan ki or se atyant amanushik atyachar hue. us kal ki katu smritiyoan ne yooropiyanoan aur bharatiyoan ke bich ek aisi khaee paida kar di, jo dirghakal tak pat nahian saki. is vidroh ke phalasvaroop bharat mean kampani ka rajy samapt ho gaya aur bharat ka prashasan kampani se ianglaind ki maharani ke hathoan mean a gaya. maharani viktoriya ne is parivartan ki ghoshana ki aur sabhi ko kshama karane tatha dharmik svatantrata, deshi rajaoan ke adhikaroan ki raksha evan god pratha ke ant ki niti ko tyag dene ka vachan diya.

vidroh ki viphalata ke karan

aangrezoan ki saphalata aur vidrohiyoan ki viphalata ke kee karan the, jo nimn prakar haian-

1. vidroh kuchh vargoan tak hi simit tha. is vidroh ka kshetr pashchim mean panjab, poorv mean bangal, uttar mean avadh aur dakshin mean narmada nadi tak hi simit tha. yah vidroh keval sainikoan tak hi simit tha, deshi naresh aur bharat ki sadharan janata isase alag rahi.
2. vidrohiyoan ka koee ek mool uddeshy nahian tha aur unhean kisi kendribhoot tatha kushal netritv ke sanchalan ka suyog bhi prapt nahian tha.
3. vidrohi bhali prakar sangathit bhi nahian the. pratyek dal ka apana neta hota tha, jo apane hi bal par yuddh karata tha.
4. sikkhoan ne apani tho de din poorv huee parajay ke lie vidrohi sipahiyoan ko karan manakar svamibhakti ki bhavana se aangrezoan ka poora sath diya. vastut: yah unhian ki sahayata ka parinam tha ki dilli par aangrezoan ka pun: adhikar hua aur vidrohiyoan ki ridh toot gee.
5. yadyapi vidrohi atyadhik virata se l de, par unhoanne apane mean se koee suyogy senanayak nahian chuna. isake viparit aangrezoan mean anushasan tatha ek vyakti ke nirdeshan mean kary karane ke gun the. unhean haivalak, nikolsan, autaram tatha l aaurens jaise anek pratibhashali padadhikariyoan aur senanayakoan ka nirdeshan prapt tha.
6. ant mean ek karan yah bhi diya ja sakata hai ki vidrohi log bharatiy samaj ke ek alpaansh matr the. aangrezoan ki vijay bharatiy janata ke bahut bhari aansh ki sakriy evan nishkriy sahayata ke phalasvaroop huee, kyoanki unhean vidrohi sipahiyoan ke karyoan evan gatividhiyoan mean koee aisi visheshata nahian dikhalaee di, jisase prerit hokar sabhi unaka sath dete.

panne ki pragati avastha

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

bharatiy itihas kosh |lekhak: sachchidanand bhattachary |prakashak: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan |prishth sankhya: 477 |

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