सूरदास का काव्य
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sooradas ka kavy
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| poora nam | mahakavi sooradas |
| janm | sanvath 1540 vikrami (sanh 1483 ee.) athava sanvat 1535 vikrami (sanh 1478 ee.) |
| janm bhoomi | runakata, agara |
| mrityu | sanvath 1642 vikrami (sanh 1585 ee.) athava sanvath 1620 vikrami (sanh 1563 ee.) |
| mrityu sthan | parasauli |
| abhibhavak | ramadas (pita) |
| karm bhoomi | braj (mathura-agara) |
| karm-kshetr | sagun bhakti kavy |
| mukhy rachanaean | soorasagar, soorasaravali, sahity-lahari, nal-damayanti, byahalo adi |
| vishay | bhakti |
| bhasha | braj bhasha |
| puraskar-upadhi | mahakavi |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | sooradas ji vatsaly ras ke samrat mane jate haian. unhoanne shrriangar aur shant rasoan ka bhi b da marmasparshi varnan kiya hai. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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mahakavi sooradas hindi ke shreshth bhakt kavi the. unaka sanpoorn kavy brajabhasha ka shrriangar hai, jisamean vibhinn rag, raganiyoan ke madhyam se ek bhakt hraday ke bhavapoorn udgar vyakt hue haian. krishna, gay, vriandavan, gokul, mathura, yamuna, madhuvan, murali, gop, gopi adi ke sath-sath sanpoorn braj-jivan, sanskriti evan sabhyata ke sandarbh mean unaki vina ne jo kuchh gaya, usake svar aur shabd, shatabdiyaan bit jane par bhi bharatiy kavy ki sangit ke roop mean vyapt haian. unake kavy ka aantarang evan bahirang paksh atyant sudridh aur praudh hai tatha atulit madhury, anupam sauandary aur aparimit saushthav se bhara p da hai.
kavy paksh
kavy ke mukhy roop se do paksh hote haian-
- bhavapaksh
- kalapaksh
bhavapaksh kavy ka aantarik gun hai. isaka sanbandh kavi ki sahridayata aur bhavukata se hota hai. kavy ke sharir tatv ko kalapaksh kahate haian. isaka sanbandh kavi ki chaturata aur rachana–kaushal se hota hai. bhavapaksh evan kalapaksh se samanvit kavy hi shreshth kavy ka udaharan mana jata hai.
bhavapaksh
mahakavi sooradas ka 'soorasagar' vastav mean ras ka mahasagar hai. isamean bhavoan ki vividhata aur anek roopata ke sahaj darshan hote haian. manav hraday ki gaharaiyoan mean doobane vale kavi se yahi asha aur apeksha bhi hoti hai. apane simit kshetr mean bhi navin udbhavanaoan, komal kalpanaoan adi ke karan hi sooradas hiandi sahity ke savashreshth kavi mane jate haian. sooradas ki kavita ke bhavapaksh ko nimn prakar se dekha ja sakata hai-
vastu-varnan
varny-vishay ki drishti se sooradas ke sanpoorn kavy ko pramukhatah chhah bhagoan mean baantakar dekha ja sakata hai- (1.) vinay ke pad, (2.) balak krishna se sanbandhit pad, (3.) krishna ke roop-sauandary sanbandhi pad, (4.) krishna aur radha ke rati bhav sanbandhi pad, (5.) murali sanbandhi pad, aur (6.) viyog shrriangar ke bhramaragit ke pad.
vinay ke padoan mean sooradas ne vinay ki sanpoorn bhoomikaoan evan vaishnav bhakti sanbandhi samast niyamoan ke anukool vinamrata, nirabhimanata, nishkapatata, ishtadev ki mahatta, bhakt ki laghuta adi ka niroopan b di sajivata ke sath kiya hai. krishna ke bal-jivan sanbandhi padoan mean sooradas ki adbhut kala ke darshan hote haian. sooradas ne bal-jivan ka aisa jita-jagata chitr aankit kiya hai, jisamean manovaijnanikata, sarasata aur chittakarshakata, sabhi vidyaman haian. krishna ke roop-madhury sanbandhi padoan mean sooradas ne apane ishtadev krishna ke anant sauandary ki aisi jhaanki prastut ki hai, jise dekhakar sabhi ka hraday anayas hi us sauandary par nyauchhavar ho jata hai. krishna aur radha ke rati sanbandhi padoan mean sooradas krishna ke sath radha ko mahatvapoorn sthan dete hue unhean aradhy devi ke pad par pratishthit karate haian. murali sanbandhi padoan mean sooradas murali ko ek sadharan manomugdhakari yantr se adhik vyapak arth pradan karate haian. aur akhir mean viyog sanbandhi bhramaragit ke padoan mean sooradas ki kala ke sarvotkrisht roop ka darshan hota hai. in padoan mean sooradas ne sarasata, vagvaidagdhy evan madhury ke sath-sath uddhav sandesh, gopiyoan ki jhuanjhulahat, prematirek, vyangy-vinod, has-parihas, upalanbh, udarata, sahaj chapalata, virahoanmad, vachan-vakrata adi ka adbhut varnan kiya hai. spasht hai ki sooradas ne krishna ke bal-jivan se lekar kishoravastha tak ki sanpoorn kri daoan, cheshtaoan evan vyaparoan adi ke manohari chitran dvara'soorasagar' ke roop mean ek adbhut kavy ki srishti ki hai, jisamean vatsaly aur vipralanbh sanbandhi varnan sarvopari haian.
prakriti-chitran
[[chitr:Surdas Surkuti Sur Sarovar Agra-24.jpg|sooradas, soor kuti, soor sarovar, agara|thumb|left|250px]] sooradas ki kavita ke keandr mean braj pradesh ki ramaniy prakriti apane poore vaibhav ke sath upasthit hai. braj pradesh ki prakriti ka manohari roop aur anandollasapoorn madhur kalarav sooradas ke pratyek padoan mean guanjayaman hai. prakriti-nati ke ramaniy jhaanki aankit karate hue sooradas usake shadhrrituoan mean parivartit hone vale divy sauandary ka manamohak niroopan karate haian. basant rritu ke ek chitr mean kokil sadaiv shor machati rahati hai, manmath sada chitt churata rahata hai, vrikshoan ki daliyaan vividh prakar ke pushpoan se bhari rahati haian, jin par bhramar unmukt hokar vilas karate rahate haian, aur aise mean sarvatr harsh evan ullas chhaya rahata hai aur koee bhi udas nahian hota-
"sada basant rahat jahan bas. sada harsh jahan nahian udas..
kokil kir sada tanh ror. sada roop manmath chit chor..
vividh suman ban phoole dar. unmat madhukar bhramat apar.."
kalapaksh
kalapaksh kavy ka vahy aang hota hai, jisake aantargat pramukhatah kavy-shaili, bhasha, alankar adi ka samavesh hota hai. ye tinoan bhavoan ke vahak haian, jinake madhyam se bhavoan ko sanpreshit kiya jata hai. sooradas ki kavita ke kalapaksh ko nimnaankit roop mean dekh sakate haian-
kavy-shaili
jivan ki komalatam anubhootiyaan git-shaili mean uttam dhang se vyakt ho sakati haian. isilie sooradas ne git-shaili ka adhar grahan kiya. krishna ka braj roop samast giti-kavy ki suandaratam bhavabhoomi hai. 'soorasagar' mean ek or jahaan katha ki kshin dhara pravahit hoti hai, vahian doosari or varnatmak prasang bhi haian, kiantu inamean kavi ka man jyada rama nahian hai. pratyek samarth sahityakar ki apani vishisht shaili hoti hai, jisamean usaka sanpoorn vyaktitv pratibianbit hota hai. kuchh vidvanoan ne 'soorasagar' ko prabandh-muktak kavy ki sanjna se vibhooshit kiya hai. d aau. satyeandr ise ‘kirtan kavy’ kahate haian, jabaki d aau. brajeshvar varma ne vividhata ki drishti se 'soorasagar' ke padoan ka vargikaran nimnaankit roop mean kiya hai-
- shrimadbhagavat ke katha prasang tatha katha–poorti hetu varnatmak aansh
- drishy aur varnan vistar
- varnatmak kathanak
- gitatmak kathanak
- samany charit sanbandhi gey pad
- vishisht kri da sanbandhi gey pad
- roop chitran aur murali-vadan sanbandhi gey pad
- prabhav-varnan sanbandhi gey pad
- bhav-chitran sanbandhi gey pad
- phutakal gey pad.
sooradas ke padoan mean gitikavy ke sabhi pradhan tatv dekhean jate haian. sooradas ke padoan ki atma sangit hai, jisaki rachana anubhooti ki saghanata ke kshanoan mean huee hai. inamean bhashaoan ki vansh vartani hai evan kavi ke aantarveg ko chhand ne lay ki ekaroopata mean baandh diya hai. inamean abhipret arth bhavoan tak pahuanchane ka pratinidhitv karate haian. ye sab hi visheshataean gitikavy ke aantargat ati haian. nirvivadit roop se 'soorasagar' giti-shaili ka ek advitiy kavy-granth hai.
drishtikooti-shaili
'soorasagar' mean drishtikooti-shaili bhi dekhane ko milati hai. sooradas ki kavy-kala ka ek namoona vah hai, jisamean shabd–kri da ka chamatkar prastut kiya gaya hai. isamean n to lokagitoan ki sahajata hai aur n hi aantarik sangitatmakata. drishtikooti pad-rachana hindi mean sooradas ki apani niji kalatmak visheshata hai. unamean shabd-kri da evan chamatkar ki sarvatr pramukhata hai.
bhasha-shaili
sooradas ki rachana pariman aur gun donoan mean mahanh kaviyoan ke bich atulaniy hai. atmabhivyanjana ke roop mean itane vishal kavy ka sarjan soor hi kar sakate the, kyoanki unake svatmamuan sampoorn yug jivan ki atma samaee huee thi. unake svanubhootimoolak gitipadoan ki shaili ke karan pray: yah samajh liya gaya hai ki ve apane charoan or ke samajik jivan ke prati poorn roop mean sajag nahian the, parantu pracharit poorvagrahoan se mukt hokar yadi dekha jay to svikar kiya jaega ki soor ke kavy mean yug jivan ki prabuddh atma ka jaisa spandan milata hai, vaisa kisi doosare kavi mean nahian milega. yah avashy hai ki unhoanne upadesh adhik nahian diye, siddhantoan ka pratipadan panditoan ki bhasha mean nahian kiya, vyavaharik arthath saansarik jivan ke adarshoan ka prachar karane vale sudharak ka bana nahian dharan kiya; parantu manushy ki bhavatmak satta ka adarshikrit roop gadhane mean unhoanne jis vyavahar buddhi ka prayog kiya hai, usase pramanit hota hai ki ve kisi manishi se pichhe nahian the. unaka prabhav sachche kanta sammit upadesh ki bhaanti sidhe hriday par p data hai. ve nire bhakt nahian the, sachche kavi the| aise drashta kavi the, jo saundary ke hi madhyam se saty ka anveshan kar use moort roop dene mean samarth hote haian. yugajivan ka pratibimb hote hue usamean lokottar saty ke saundary ka abhas dene ki shakti mahakavi mean hi hoti hai, nire bhakt, upadeshak aur samaj sudharak mean nahian.[1]
| left|30px|link=sooradas ki rachanaean|pichhe jaean | sooradas ka kavy | right|30px|link=sooradas ki bhakti bhavana|age jaean |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ sahayak granth-sooradas: da. brajeshvar varma hindi parishadh prayag vishvavidyalay; soor sahity: da. hazari prasad dvivedi; soor v unaka sahity: da. harivanshalal sharma; bharatiy sadhana aur sooradas: da. muanshiram sharma
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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