स्तूप

[[chitr:Sanchi-Stupa-Sanchi.jpg|thumb|250px|buddh stoop, saanchi
Sanchi Stupa, Sanchi]]

stoop ka shabdik arth hai- 'kisi vastu ka dher'. stoop ka vikas hi sanbhavatah mitti ke aise chabootare se hua, jisaka nirman mritak ki chita ke oopar athava mritak ki chuni huee asthiyoan ke rakhane ke lie kiya jata tha. gautam buddh ke jivan ki pramukh ghatanaoan, janm, sambodhi, dharmachakr pravartan tatha nirvan se sambandhit sthanoan par bhi stoopoan ka nirman hua. stoop ke 4 bhed haian-

1. sharirik stoop
2. paribhogik stoop
3. uddeshika stoop aur
4. poojarthak stoop

• stoop ek gumdakar bhavan hota tha, jo buddh se sanbandhit samagri ya smarak ke roop mean sthapit kiya jata tha.
• samrat ashok ne bhi stanmbh banavaye the. saanchi ka pata sanh 1818 ee. mean 'janaral tayalar' ne lagaya tha.
• vishvaprasiddh bauddh stoopoan ke lie jana jane vala saanchi, vidisha se 4 mil ki doori par 300 phit ooanchi paha di par hai.
• prajnatishy mahanayak thairyan ke anusar-yahaan ke b de stoop mean svayan bhagavan buddh ke tatha chhote stoopoan mean bhagavan buddh ke priy shishy 'sariput' (sariputr) tatha 'mahamaudgalayan' samet kee any bauddh bhikshuoan ke dhatu rakhe haian. raja tatha shraddhalu-janata ke sahayog se yah nirman-kary hua.
  

stoop ke pramukh aang

vedika (reliang)	stoop ki raksha ke lie
medhi (kursi)	jis par stoop ka mukhy bhag adharit hota hai
and	stoop ka arddh-golakar bhag
harmika	shikhar ke asthi patr ki raksha hetu
chhatr athava chhatravali	dharmik chihn ka pratik
yashti	chhatr ko sahara dene ke lie

prachin kal ke kuchh pramukh stoop sthal nimnalikhit haian-

piparava

mukhy lekh : piparava

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kala tatha sthapaty ke kshetr mean sarvaprachin kintu kafi b di upalabdhi ka parichayak basti zila uttar pradesh mean sthit yah stoop pra dh maury yugin hai, jisaka vyas 116 phut aur chai daee 22 phut hai. khudaee ke dauran is stoop ke andar ek manjoosha mean buddh ke avashesh rakhe pae ge haian.

bharahoot

1873 mean 'alekjendar kaniangham' dvara khoja gaya bharahut stoop lagabhag dvitiy shati ee.poo. ka hai. bhagavan buddh ke bhasmoan ke oopar nirmit yah stoop madhy pradesh ke satana zile mean sthit hai. is smarak ke nirman ke adhikshak (navakarmik) ka nam ek abhilekh mean diya gaya hai. bharahut stoop ke lak di ke jangaloan ko shuang shasakoan ne patthar ke jangaloan mean parivartit kiya.

saanchi

mukhy lekh : saanchi

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madhy pradesh ke rayasen zile mean sthit saanchi mean pramukh stoopoan ki sankhya tin hai. sabase b da stoop 'mahastoop' ke nam se prasiddh hai. is stoop ka dhaancha tisari shatabdi ee.poo. mean ashok dvara banavaya gaya, tatpashchath shuang shasakoan dvara isako vistrit kiya gaya. stoop ka vyas lagabhag 40 mitar aur ooanchaee 1650 mitar hai. pakki eetoan ki mool sanrachana par shuang kal mean patthar ka avaran chadhaya gaya. isake ek or jangale evan toran dvara aandhr satavahan yug mean banaye gaye.

bodhagaya

mukhy lekh : bodhagaya

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bihar ke bodhagaya mean sthit yah stoop uttar mauryayugin hai. sambhavatah is stoop ki nianv ashok dvara rakhi gayi thi. yah stoop grenait ya patthar ke bane hai. isamean lagabhag 30 jangale haian.

amaravati

mukhy lekh : amaravati aandhr pradesh

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andhr pradesh ke 'guntoor zile' mean krishnaa nadi ke dahine tat par sthit hai. amaravati stoop ka pata lagabhag dvitiy shatabdi ee. poo. mean 'karnal kalin maikeanji' ne lagaya tha. amaravati stoop ghantakriti mean bana hai. is stoop mean pashan ke sthan par sangamaramar ka prayog kiya gaya hai.

nagarjunakonda

andhr pradesh ke guntoor zile mean sthit nagarjunakonda stoop 1926 mean khoja gaya tha. isaka nirman ikshvaku vanshiy shasakoan ne kiya tha.

saranath

mukhy lekh : saranath

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varanasi ke samip saranath namak sthan par sthit stoop ka nirman ashok ne karavaya tha. eet se bane poore stoop ki ooanchaee 128 phut hai. ise 'ghamekh stoop' aur 'dharmarajika stoop' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. isaki ek visheshata yah hai ki, yah dharatal par nirmit hai tatha isamean any stoopoan ki bhaanti chabootara nahian milata.

nalanda

mukhy lekh : nalanda

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rajagrih se 5 mil door nalanda namak bauddh sthan par nirmit yah stoop ashok dvara hi banavaya gaya tha. bhagnavasheshoan se jnat hota hai ki mool stoop madhy bhag mean sthit hai tatha kalantar mean usamean aur akar jo de ge.

jaggarayamapett

ikshvaku shasakoan dvara nirmit yah stoop andhr pradesh ke krishnaa zile mean sthit hai. is stoop ka bahari gol dhaancha eetoan se bana hai tatha bhitari bhag mitti tatha eetoan ki ek ke bad ek tahean lagakar bhara gaya hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

vithika

• chitr:Sanchi-Stupa.jpg

  buddh stoop, saanchi

• chitr:Sanchi-Buddhist-Stuppa-3.jpg

  buddh stoop, saanchi

• chitr:Sanchi-3.jpg

  buddh stoop, saanchi