हसरत मोहानी
hasarat mohani
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| poora nam | maulana hasarat mohani |
| janm | 1 janavari 1875 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | unnav |
| mrityu | 13 mee 1951 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | kanapur, uttar pradesh |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'kuliyat-e-hasarat', 'sharahe kalame galib', 'nukate-e-sukhan', 'masushahadate zindaan' adi |
| bhasha | urdoo |
| vidyalay | aligadh muslim vishvavidyalay |
| shiksha | bi. e. |
| prasiddhi | urdoo shayar |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | hasarat ne apana sara jivan kavita karane tatha svatantrata ke sangharsh mean prayatn evan kasht uthane mean vyatit kiya. inaki kavita ka sangrah 'kuliyat-e-hasarat' ke nam se prakashit hai. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
maulana hasarat mohani (aangrezi: Maulana Hasrat Mohani, mool nam- saiyad fazlulhasan, janm-1 janavari, 1875, unnav, uttar pradesh; mrityu- 13 mee, 1951 kanapur) bharat ki azadi ki l daee ke sachche sipahi hone ke sath-sath shayar, patrakar, rajanitijn aur british bharat ke saansad the.[1]
jivan parichay
maulana hasarat mohani 'inkalab zindabad' ka nara dene vale azadi ke sachche sipahi the, unaka vastavik nam 'saiyad fazlulhasan' aur upanam 'hasarat' tha. ve uttar pradesh ke zila unnav ke mohan gaanv mean paida huye the isaliye 'maulana hasarat mohani' ke nam se mashahoor hue. inaka upanam itana prasiddh hua ki log inaka vastavik nam bhool ge.
shiksha
inaki aranbhik shiksha ghar par hi huee thi. ye bahut hi hoshiyar aur mehanati vidyarthi the aur unhoanne rajy stariy pariksha mean t aaup kiya tha. bad mean unhoanne aligadh muslim yoonivarsiti mean padhaee ki jahaan unake kalej ke sathi maulana mohammad ali jauhar aur maulana shauqat ali adi the. aligadh ke chhatr do daloan mean bante hue the. ek dal deshabhakt tha aur doosara dal svarthabhakt tha. ye pratham dal mean sammilit hokar usaki pratham pankti mean a ge. yah tin bar k aaulej se nirvasit hue. unhoanne san 1903 ee. mean bi. e. pariksha uttirn ki thi. isake aanrtagat inhoanne ek patrika 'urduemualla' bhi nikali aur niyamit roop se svatantrata ke aandolan mean bhag lene lage. yah kee bar jel ge tatha desh ke lie bahut kuchh balidan kiya. unhoanne ek khaddar bhandar bhi khola, jo khoob chala.
gazal tatha kavita
hasarat mohani ne lakhanoo ke prasiddh shayar aur apane ustad tasalim lakhanavi aur nasim dehalavi se shayari ki shiksha hasil ki. hasarat ne urdoo gazal ko ek nitaant ne tatha unnatishil marg par mo d diya hai. urdoo kavita mean striyoan ke prati jo shuddh aur labhaprad drishtikon dikhalaee deta hai, preyasi jo sahayatri tatha mitr roop mean dikhaee p dati hai tatha samay se takkar leti huee apane premi ke sath sahadevata tatha mitrata dikhalati jnat hoti hai, vah bahut kuchh hasarat hi ki den hai. unaki kuchh khas kitabean 'kuliyat-e-hasarat'[2], 'sharahe kalame galib'[3], 'nukate-e-sukhan'[4], 'masushahadate zindaan'[5] adi bahut mashahoor huyian. ustad gulam ali dvara gaee gee unaki gazal 'chupake chupake rat din aansoo bahana yad hai' bhi bahut mashahoor huee jise bad mean philm nikah mean philmaya gaya. unhoanne gazaloan mean hi shasan, samaj tatha itihas ki batoan ka aise suandar dhang se upayog kiya hai ki usaka prachin rang apane sthan par poori tarah bana hua hai. unaki gazalean apani poori sajavat tatha sauandary ko banae rakhate hue bhi aisa madhyam ban gee haian ki jivan ki sabhi batean unamean b di suandarata se vyakt ki ja sakati hai. unhean sahaj mean 'unnatashil gazaloan ka pravartak kaha ja sakata hai. hasarat ne apana sara jivan kavita karane tatha svatantrata ke sangharsh mean prayatn evan kasht uthane mean vyatit kiya. sahity tatha rajaniti ka suandar sammilit karana kitana kathin hai, aisa jab vichar uthata hai, tab svat: hasarat ki kavita par drishti jati hai. inaki kavita ka sangrah 'kuliyat-e-hasarat' ke nam se prakashit hai.
azadi mean mukhy bhoomika
hamare desh ki azadi ki l daee mean is desh mean rahane vali hindoo, muslim, sikkh adi sabhi qaumoan ke logoan ne badh-chadh kar hissa liya tha aur n sirph hissa liya balki kurabaniyan bhi dian. in azadi ke sipahiyoan ne jang mean khas bhoomika hi ada nahian ki balki bahut bhari qimat ada ki. halaanki is jang ne hindustani avam ko niche se oopar tak, am adami se lekar asaradar tabakoan tak ko ek pletapharm par ikattha kar jo dane ka kam kiya aur is ekata ne bharat ki british sarakar ke samane bahut b di chunauti kh di kar di thi, lekin hamare desh ke us samay ke badashahoan aur rajaoan, am kisan aur majadooroan, dharmaguruoan, sadhu santoan, dharmik vidvanoan aur maulanaoan ko, jange azadi mean hissa lene ki vajah se, sakht sajaean bhugatani p di. saiank doan zagiradaroan ki jagirean chhin li gee aur ulemaoan yani islami dharm guruoan ko malta ke thande ilaqoan ki jeloan mean aur aandaman nikobar dvip samooh ke nirjan sthanoan mean saja bhugatane ke liye majaboor hona p da. maulana hasarat mohani ne bhi aangrejoan se kabhi samajhauta nahian kiya aur in azadi ke sipahiyoan ki tarah khushi-khushi takaliphean aur sajaean bhugatian.
azadi ke divane
hasarat mohani azadi ke bahut b de divane the aur khasakar bharat ki azadi se unhean bahut pyar tha. ve balagangadhar rav ko b de samman se tilak maharaj kahate the aur unake bahut b de prashansak the kyoanki unhoanne kaha tha ki azadi mera janmasiddh adhikar hai. unaki patni nishatunnisa begam, jo hamesha parade mean rahati thian, ne bhi apane pati ke sath azadi ki l daee mean hissa liya tha. maulana hasarat mohani azadi ki l daee mean is tarah ghulamil gaye the ki unake liye ki is rah mean milane vale dukh-dard, rahat-khushi ek jaise the. ve har tarah ke halat mean apane ap ko khush rakhana janate the. unhoanne bahut tho di si amadani se, kabhi kabhi bina amadani ke, guzara kiya. ve aangrejoan dvara kee bar jel mean dale gaye lekin uf tak n ki aur apana rasta nahian badala. unaki sabase b di khasiyat yah thi ki ve aanjam ki fikr kiye bina, jo sach samajhate the kah dete the. sach ki qimat par vah koee samajhauta nahian karate the.
kaangres se sambandh
maulana hasarat mohani kalej ke zamane mean hi azadi ki l daee mean shamil ho gaye the. kisi tarah ka samajhauta n karane ki adat aur najariye ki vajah se unhean kalej ke dinoan mean kafi pareshaniyoan ka samana karana p da. kalej se nikalane ke bad unhoanne ek urdoo maigajin 'urdoo e moalla' nikalana shuroo ki jisamean ve jange azadi ki himayat mean siyasi lekh likha karate the. san 1904 mean ve bharatiy rashtriy kaangres mean shamil ho gaye aur soorat satr 1907 mean pratinidhi ke roop mean upasthit rahe. ve kaangres ke adhiveshanoan aur satroan ki riport aur samachar apani maigajin urdoo e mualla mean prakashit karate rahate the. unhoanne kalakatta, banaras, mumbee adi mean ayojit hone vale kee kaangresi satroan ki riport apani maigajin urdoo e mualla mean prakashit ki thian. soorat ke kaangres seshan 1907 mean jab shantipasand logoan ke naram dal aur bharat ki poori azadi ki himayat karane vale garam dal ka vivad uth kh da hua to unhoanne tilak ke sath kaangres chho d di aur ve muslim lig ki tarah kaangres se bhi napharat karane lage.
poorn svaraj ka prastav
ek dilachasp bat yah hai ki maulana hasarat mohani ne ahamadabad mean 1921 ke satr mean bharat ke poorn svaraj ka prastav rakha jabaki mahatma gaandhi us vakt isake liye taiyar nahian the aur aangrejoan ke adhin hom rool[6] ke samarthak the. is vajah se maulana apana prastav pas karane mean kamayab nahian huye. isi prakar muslim lig ke ahamadabad seshan mean unhoanne apane bhashan ke dauran poorn svaraj ka ka prastav pesh kiya tha halaanki ise manjoor karane mean ve kamayab nahian huye. bisavian sadi ke shuroo mean hasarat mohani ne aligadh mean savinay avajna andolan ki himayat mean svadeshi stor shuroo kiya. unhoanne yah stor us vakt shuroo kiya jab british sarakar ne unaki maigajin par pabandi laga di. maulana svadeshi andolan ke itane b de himayati the ki unhoanne disambar ki thandi rat mean bhi, apane sathi maulana suleman nadavi ke aauphis mean nivas ke dauran, videshi kambal istemal karane se mana kar diya. maulana suleman nadavi ne khud is ghatana ka varnan kiya.
'ianqalab zindabad' ka nara
aj bhi hindustan, pakistan aur baangladesh mean agar koee andolan ya moovameant chalata hai to 'ianqalab zindabad' ka nara usaka khas hissa hota hai. hamare desh ki koee bhi siyasi parti ya koee sangathan apani maangoan ke liye mujahare aur pradarshan karata haian to is nare ka istemal andolan mean jan phooank deta hai. bharat ki azadi ki l daee mean to yah nara us l daee ki jan hua karata tha aur jab bhi, jahaan bhi yah nara buland hota tha azadi ke divanoan mean josh ka too़fan bhar deta tha. inkalab jindabad ka yah nara azadi ke azimushshan sipahi maulana hasarat mohani ka diya hua hai. bharat ki azadi mean badh-chadh kar hissa lene vale hindustani rahanumaoan aur mujahidoan ki pheharist mean maulana hasarat mohani ka nam sare pheharist shamil hai. unhoanne ianqalab zindabad ka nara dene ke alava total phridam yani poorn svarajy yani bharat ke liye poori tarah se azadi ki maang ki himayat ki thi.
eemanadar aur sachche musalaman
hakikat mean, deshabhakt hone ke sath-sath, maulana hasarat maulana bahut sari khoobiyoan ke malik the. ve sahityakar, shayar, patrakar, islami vidvan, samajasevak aur usoolaparast rajanitijn the. ve bahut kabil, eemanadar aur sachche musalaman the lekin unhoanne kamyunist vicharadhara ko bhi age badhaya. ve bharat mean kamyunist parti ke phaundar membaroan mean se ek the. ve bhagavan shrikrishna ke bhi prashansak the. hindustan pakistan ke bantavare ke bad unhoanne pakistan ke bajay hindustan mean rahana pasand kiya, kintu pakistan mean bhi log unhean usi samman se dekhate haian jis tarah hindustan mean unhean samman diya jata hai.
nidhan
hasarat mohani ki mrityu 13 mee, san 1951 ee. ko kanapur mean huee thi. inake intaqal ke bad 1951 mean karachi pakistan mean hasarat mohani memoriyal sosayati, hasarat mohani memoriyal laeebreri aur trast banaye gaye. unake varshi par har sal is trast aur hindustan pakistan ke any sangathanoan dvara unaki yad mean sabhayean aur vichar goshthiy aau ayojit ki jati haian. karachi pakistan mean hasarat mohani kaloni, koraangi kaloni haian aur karachi ke vyavasayik ilake mean bahut bade़ rod ka nam unake nam par rakha gaya hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh