हेक्टर मुनरो
hektar munaro (aangrezi: Hector Munro, janm- 1726 ee.; mrityu- 27 disanbar 1805) aangrez sainik tha, jise bharat mean nauanva senapati banakar bheja gaya tha. bharatiy itihas ke prasiddh yuddhoan mean se ek 'baksar ka yuddh' aangrezi sena ne senapati hektar munaro ke netritv mean hi l da tha.
yuddh ka karan
1757 ke plasi yuddh mean mir qasim ki har huee aur aangrezoan ne usake sthan par mir zafar ko bitha diya. mir zafar se aangrez paisa aur suvidhaean ichchhanusar prapt karane lage. udhar mir qasim punah bangal ke bagador apane hath mean lena chahata tha. isane avadh ke navab shujauddaula, jo ki mugal shasak shahalam ka pradhanamantri bhi tha, ko aangrejoan ke viruddh karravaee karane ke lie taiyar kiya. isake lie shujauddaula ne shahalam ki or se ek dhamaki bhari chitthi aangrejoan ko bheji. is chitthi mean arop lagaya gaya tha ki aangrez unako di gee suvidhaoan ka atikraman kar rahe haian aur bangal ka arthik dohan kar rahe haian. aangrejoan ki or se is mamale mean koee pratikriya nahian huee. aantatah shujauddaula aur mir qasim ne dhairy kho diya aur aprail 1764 mean aangrejoan ke viruddh yuddh ki ghoshana kar di.[1]
hektar ki yojana
is bich aangrezi sena ke pradhan ke badale mejar hektar munaro ko aangrejoan ne senapati niyukt kar patana bheja. munaro julaee, 1764 ee. mean patana pahuancha. use bhay tha ki der hone par marathoan aur afaganoan ka sahayog pakar shujauddaula aangrejoan ko parajit kar sakata hai. isalie munaro ne jald yuddh ka nirnay liya. munaro ke agaman ke bad kuchh bharatiy sainikoan ne vidroh kiya, jise munaro ne shaant kar diya aur sabhi vidrohiyoan ko top se u da diya. munaro ne rohatas ke kiledar sahoomal ko pralobhan dekar apane paksh mean mila liya aur rohatas par aangrejoan ka adhikar ho gaya.
baksar ka yuddh
hektar munaro son nadi par kar baksar pahuancha. 23 aktoobar, 1764 ee. ko aangrez aur tathakathit tin shaktiyoan ki sammilit sena ke bich yuddh prarambh hua. shujauddaula ne pratidin sainik kharch ke nam par mir qasim se 11 lakh rupaye ki maang ki, parantu utani rakam poori nahian karane par vah mir qasim se asantusht ho gaya. shujauddaula ne mir qasim ki sari sanpatti chhin li. vah khud bihar par adhikar chahata tha. doosari taraph samrat shahalam ke pas apani koee sena nahian thi. vah svayan dilli ki gaddi pane ke lie sahayata ka ichchhuk tha aur aangrejoan ka ashvasan pakar yuddh ke prati udasin ho chuka tha. aisi paristhiti mean baksar ka yuddh pratah 9 baje se arambh hua aur dopahar 12 baje ke pahale hi samapt ho gaya. yuddh mean bhayankar golabari huee. shujauddaula ki sena matr bhi d ke saman thi. aangrezi topoan ke samane avadh ki ghu dasavar fauj koee kam n a saki. vijay aangrejoan ki huee. donoan pakshoan ki or se kaphi sena hatahat huee, par navab ki sena mean marane valoan ki sankhya kaphi adhik thi. shujauddaula ko apani sena pichhe hata leni p di.
sandhi
baksar ke yuddh mean mili parajay ke bad samrat shahalam ne aangrezi sena ke sath dera dala. aangrejoan ne badashah ka svagat kiya aur shujauddaula ke divan raja benibahadur ke jariye shujauddaula se sandhi karani chahi; par shujauddaula ne sandhi ki bat asvikar kar di. isalie navab shujauddaula aur aangrejoan ke bich chunar aur k da (ilahabad) ke pas l daiyaan hueean. yuddh mean har milane par shujauddaula ko aangrejoan ke sath sandhi karani p di. aangrejoan aur shujauddaula ke bich sandhi karane mean raja sitabaray ki bhoomika bahut mahattvapoorn thi.
shujauddaula ko 60 lakh rupaye kshatipoorti ke roop mean aangrejoan ko dene p de. ilahabad ka kila aur k da ka kshetr [[mug]l] badashah shahalam ke lie chho d dene p de. gajipur aur p dos ka kshetr aangrejoan ko dena p da. ek aangrez vakil ko avadh ke darabar mean rahane ki ajna di gee aur donoan pakshoan ne ek-doosare ke shatru ko apana shatru samajhane ka ashvasan diya. mir qasim ka sapana chakanachoor ho gaya. sampatti chhin lie jane ke sath-sath shujauddaula ne use apamanit bhi kiya. mir qasim dilli chala gaya, jahaan sharanarthi ke roop mean apana shesh jivan atyant kathanaee mean vyatit kiya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ baksar ka yuddh (hiandi) sansarlochan.in. abhigaman tithi: 24 pharavari, 2020.