जोवा-डी-कैस्ट्रो

nino-di-kunha ke bad jova-di-kaistro bharat ka agala purtagali vayasaray niyukt hua.
isi ki prerana se 1518 ee. mean purtagaliyoan ne kolambo mean aur phir malakka mean karakhanoan ki sthapana ki.
gova ko purtagaliyoan ne apani satta aur sanskriti ke mahattvapoorn kendr ke roop mean sthapit kiya.
1559 ee. tak purtagaliyoan ne gova, daman aur div, salaset dvip, basin, chail, mumbee, santhomi aur hugali par apana adhikar kar liya.
purtagali p dosi rajyoan mean bharatiyoan ko hi rajadoot aur jasoos banakar bhejate the.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah