प्रयोग:Asha1

bharatiy aantariksh karyakram

vikasashil arthavh‍yavash‍tha aur usase ju di samash‍yaoan se ghire hone ke bavazood bharat ne aantariksh praudyogiki ko prabhavi dhang se vikasit kiya hai aur use apane tivr vikas ke lie ish‍temal bhi kiya hai tatha aj vishh‍v ke anh‍y deshoan ko vibhinh‍n aantariksh sevaean upalabh‍dh kara raha hai. 1960 ke dashak ke praranbhik varshoan mean aantariksh anusandhan ki shurooat bharat mean mukhh‍yat: sauandiang r aauketoan ki madad se huee. bharatiy aantariksh anusandhan sangathan (isaro) ki sh‍thapana 1969 mean ki gee. bharat sarakar dvara 1972 mean 'aantariksh ayog' aur 'aantariksh vibhag' ke gathan se aantariksh shodh gatividhiyoan ko atirikh‍t gati praph‍t huee. 'isaro' ko aantariksh vibhag ke niyantran mean rakha gaya. bharatiy aantariksh karyakram ke itihas mean 70 ka dashak prayogath‍mak yug tha jis dauran 'aryabhatt', 'bhash‍kar', 'rohini' tatha 'eph‍pal' jaise prayogath‍mak upagrah karyakram chalae ge. in karyakramoan ki saphalata ke bad 80 ka dashak sanchalanath‍mak yug bana jabaki 'inset' tatha 'aeeares' jaise upagrah karyakram shuroo hue. aj inset tatha aeeares isaro ke pramukh karyakram haian. aantariksh yan ke sh‍vadesh mean hi prakshepan ke lie bharat ka majaboot prakshepan yan karyakram hai. yah ab itana paripakh‍v ho gaya hai ki prakshepan ki sevaean anh‍y deshoan ko bhi upalabh‍dh karata hai. isaro ki vh‍yavasayik shakha eantrikh‍s, bharatiy aantariksh sevaoan ka vipanan vishh‍v bhar mean karati hai. bharatiy aantariksh karyakram ki khas visheshata aantariksh mean jane vale anh‍y deshoan, aantararashtriy sangathanoan aur vikasashil deshoan ke sath prabhavi sahayog hai.

• varsh 2005-06 mean bharatiy aantariksh karyakram ki sabase pramukh upalabh‍dhi 'pieselavisi 6' ka saphal prakshepan rahi hai.
• 5 mee, 2005 ko 'polar upagrah prakshepan yan' (pieselavi-ephasi 6) ki nauvian u dan ne shriharikota ke satish dhavan aantariksh keandr (esadiesasi) se saphalatapoorvak do upagrahoan - 1560 ki.gra. ke kartosh‍tar-1 tatha 42 ki.gra. ke hemaset ko poorv-nirdharit polar san sinh‍kronan arbit (eseso) mean pahuanchaya. lagatar satavian prakshepan saphalata ke bad pieselavi-si 6 ki saphalata ne pieselavi ki vishh‍vasaniyata ko age badhaya tatha 600 ki.mi. ooanche polar eseso mean 1600 ki.gra. bhar tak ke nitabhar ko rakhane ki kshamata ko darshaya hai.
• 22 disanbar 2005 ko inset-4e ka saphal prakshepan, jo ki bharat dvara ab tak banae ge sabhi upagrahoan mean sabase bhari tatha shakh‍tishali hai, varsh 2005-06 ki anh‍y b di upalabh‍dhi thi.
• inset-4e dararekh‍t-too-hom (ditiech) telivijan prasaran sevaean pradan karane mean saksham hai.
• isake atirikh‍t, nau gramin sansadhan keandroan (viarasij) ke doosare samooh ki sh‍thapana karana aantariksh vibhag ki varsh ke dauran mahath‍vapoorn maujooda pahal hai. viarasi ki dharana gramin samudayoan ki badalati tatha mahath‍vapoorn avashh‍yakataoan ko poora karane ke lie aantariksh vh‍yavash‍thaoan tatha anh‍y aeeti aujaroan se nikalane vali vibhinh‍n prakar ki janakari pradan karane ke lie sanchar sadhanoan tatha bhoomi avalokan upagrahoan ki kshamataoan ko sanghatit karati hai.

bharatiy prakshepan yanoan dvara upagrah prakshepan

kram	prakshepak yan	upagrah	prakshepan tithi	parinam
1	eselavi-3	rohini	10agast, 1979	aanshik saphal
2	eselavi-3	rohini	18julaee, 1980	saphal
3	eselavi-3	rohini	31mee, 1981	asaphal
4	eselavi-3	rohini	17aprॅl, 1983	saphal
5	eeselavi-di1	stros-1	24march, 1987	asaphal
6	eeselavi-di2	stros-2	13julaee, 1988	asaphal
7	eeselavi-di3	stros-3	20mee, 1992	saphal
8	pieselavi-di1	aeeares-1ee॰	20sitambar, 1993	asaphal
9	eeselavi-di4	stros-4	04aprॅl, 1994	saphal
10	pieselavi-di2	aeeares-pi2	15aktoobar, 1994	saphal
11	pieselavi-di3	aeeares-pi3	21march, 1996	saphal
12	pieselavi-si1	aeearesadi-1di	29sitambar, 1997	saphal
13	pieselavi-si2	aeeares-pi4, kitasait(d॰koriya) v tapasait(jarmani)	26mee, 1999	saphal
14	jieselavi-di1	ji sait	18mee, 2001	saphal
15	pieselavi-si3	tieees(bharat), proba(beljiyam) v bard(jarmani)	20aktoobar, 2001	saphal
16	pieselavi-si4	maitasait (kalpana-1)	12sitambar2002	saphal
17	pieselavi-di2	ji sait-2	08mee, 2003	saphal
18	pieselavi-si5	aeeares-pi6	17aktoobar, 2003	saphal
19	jieselavieph-1	edoosait	20sitambar, 2004	saphal
20	pieselavi-si6	kartosait v haimasait	05mee, 2005	saphal
21	jieselavi-4si	insait-4si	10julaee, 2006	asaphal
22	pieselavi-eph2	esaree-1(bharat), kartosait-2(bharat), lapan tyoobasait(indoneshiya), pehuen sait-1(arjeantina)	10janavari, 2007	saphal
23	pieselavi-si8	ejail(itali)	23aprॅl, 2007	saphal
24	pieselavi-si10	tekasar(istrayal)	21janavari, 2008	saphal
25	pieselavi-si9	kartosait-2e, IMS-1 v8 any videshi nainoan upagrah	28aprॅl, 2008	saphal
26	pieselavi-si11	chandrayan-1	22aktoobar, 2008	saphal
27	pieselavi-si12	risait-2 v anusait	20aprॅl, 2009	saphal
28	pieselavi-si14	oshasait-2	23sitambar, 2009	saphal

bharat mean prakshepastr karyakram ka vikas is prakar hua-

• 1967 mean bharat ne aantariksh shodh aur upagrah prakshepastr karyakram prarambh kiya aur varsh 1972 tak r aauket rohini-560 ka parikshan kar liya gaya. rohini-560 ki marak kshamata lagabhag 100 kilo bhar ke sath 334 kilomitar door tak thi.
• 1979 mean bharat ne pahali bar upagrah prakshepan yan 'eselavi-3' aantariksh boostar ka prakshepan kiya.
• 1980 mean 35 kilo bhar vale rohini-1 upagrah ka saphal prakshepan kiya gaya.
• 1983 mean bharat ke 'raksha anusandhan aur vikas sansthan' (di ar di o) ne ekikrit prakshepastr vikas karyakram ki ghoshana ki jisamean paanch prakshepastr vikasit kie jane the-

1. prithvi jo satah se satah par mar karane vala prakshepastr hai (taral eeandhan vala bailistik prakshepastr).
   1. prithvi-1 jisaki marak kshamata dedh sau kilomitar, ek hazar kilogram ki kshamata hai. yah sena ke lie hai.
   2. prithvi-2 jisaki marak kshamata dhaee sau kilomitar, paanch sau kilogram ki kshamata hai. yah vayu sena ke lie hai.
   3. prithvi-3 jisaki marak kshamata sadhe tin sau kilomitar, paanch sau kilogram ki kshamata hai. yah nausena ke lie hai.
2. agni jo satah se satah par mar karane vala prakshepastr hai aur jisaki kshamata dedh hazar kilomitar hai. yah ek hazar kilogram bhar vala astr le ja sakata hai. is prakshepastr ka pahala charan eselavi-3 ke thos eeandhan vale motar ka aur doosara charan taral eeandhan vale prithvi ka prayog karata hai.
3. akash jo satah se satah par mar karane vala lanbi doori ka prakshepastr hai. yah 55 kilogram vajan ka astr le ja sakata hai aur adhikatam 25 kilomitar ki doori tak yah ek sath paanch vimanoan ko nishana bana sakata hai.
4. trishool jo satah se satah par ya satah se hava mean mar karane vala kam doori ka prakshepastr hai. isaki marak doori 50 kilomitar hai aur yah radar ke nirdeshoan se kary karata hai.
5. nag jo taiank rodhi prakshepastr hai. yah lagabhag char kilomitar ki kshamata vala prakshepastr hai aur nirdeshoan ke lie sanvedi praudyogiki par bana hai.

• 1987 mean bharat ne adhunik upagrah prakshepan yan (e es el vi) ka parikshan prarambh kiya. char hazar kilomitar ki kshamata vale is prakshepan ki kshamata dedh sau kilogram hai. isamean tin upagrah prakshepan yan rahate haian.
• 1988 mean bharat ne 'prithvi' ki parikshan u dan ka parikshan kiya. bharat ne dhruviy upagrah prakshepan yan (pi es el vi) ke nirman ki ghoshana ki jisaki kshamata lagabhag ath hazar kilomitar thi. ek hazar kilo vajan ki kshamata ke is yan se ek tan ka upagrah dhruviy kaksha mean sthapit kiya sakata tha. yadi is yan ko hathiyar pranali ki bhaanti kiya jae to yah paramanu astr ko ek mahadvip se doosare mahadvip tak le jane mean saksham hai.
• 1989 mean bharat ne agni ka parikshan kiya aur navanbar mean nag ka parikshan kiya.
• 1994 ke madhy tak prithvi-1 ka prarambhik utpadan prarambh ho gaya tha. bharatiy sena ne 100 prithvi-1 prakshepastr lene ka adesh diya jise usaki 333 prakshepastr grup ke sath tainat kiya jana tha.
• 1996 mean bharat ne kaha ki vah 'bhoo-samakalik upagrah prakshepan yan' vikasit kar raha hai. bharat ki yojana janavari mah mean roos ki ji es el vi ke lie sat krayojenik ianjan dene ki yojana thi.
• 1998 mean bharat mean 'bharatiy janata parti' ne 'prithvi prakshepastroan' ka utpadan adhik karane ki yojana ke sath hi madhyam doori ke 'agni prakshepastr' vikasit karane ka bhi faisala liya.
• kliantan prashasan ke varishth adhikari ne amerika mean kaha ki bharat ke pas 'sagarika' nam ka samudr se ju da prakshepastr hai. sagarika ki kshamata 200 mil ki hai aur vah paramanu astr le jane mean saksham hai.
• 11mee bharat ne trishool ka saphal parikshan kiya hai. yah satah se satah aur satah se hava mean marane vala prakshepastr hai.