नगाड़ा
thumb|300px|naga da naga da ya 'nakkara' prachin samay se hi pramukh vady yantr raha hai. ise lok utsavoan ke avasar par bajaya jata hai. holi ke avasar par gaye jane vale gitoan mean isaka vishesh prayog hota hai. naga de mean jo de alag-alag hote haian, jisamean ek ki avaz patali tatha doosare ki avaz moti hoti hai. ise bajane ke lie lak di ki dandiyoan se pitakar dhvani nikali jati hai. nichali satah par naga da paki huee mitti ka bana hota hai. yah bharat ka bahut hi lokapriy vady hai.
shabd ka arth
'naga da' shabd farasi aur urdoo ke sath hindi mean shamil hua. hindi mean isaka ek roop 'nagara' bhi hai. is shabd ka shuddh roop hai- "nakkarah", jisaka urdoo mean uchcharan 'nakkara' hai. is prakar isaka hindi roop 'naga da' ya 'nagara' hai. nakkarah mool roop se arabi bhasha ka shabd hai, jisaka arth hai- dhausa, bheri, duandubhi adi. bharatiy bhashaoan mean yah shabd islami samay mean aya. arabi mean ek dhatu hai 'nakr', jisaka arth hai- 'kisi chij ko pitana' ya 'thokana' adi. naga da ek aisa vady hai, jo cham de ke parde se dhaka rahata hai aur is cham de ke parde par lak di ki do chhoti chh doan se prahar kiya jata hai, jisase joradar dhvani paida hoti hai.[1]
aitihasik tathy
vastav mean nakkara ya naga da sandesh pranali se ju da hua shabd hai. darasal shasan ki mahattvapoorn ghoshanaean am janata tak pahuanchane ke lie nakkarachi[2] hota tha, jo sare bazar naga da pitate hue kisi sarakari pharaman ki ghoshana karata tha. isi tarah senaean jab kooch karati thian to bhi naga de bajae jate the, taki sabako khabar ho jaye. mugaloan ke darabar mean ek nakkarakhana hota tha, jisamean aham sarakari phaisale sunae jate the. phaisaloan ki taraf dhyan akarshit karane ke lie zor-zor se nakkare bajae jate the, jisase sabaka dhyan us or lag jae. aisi munadiyoan mean logoan ko sajaean dene se lekar ghar ki kurki karane jaisi batean bhi hoti thian.
any nam
is vady yantr ka ek any nam 'damama' bhi hai. vishal nakkare ya dhauansa ko hi 'damamah' kaha jata hai, jise urdoo-hindi mean 'damama' kaha gaya. yah farasi bhasha ke 'damaan' se bana hai, jisaka arth hota hai- 'krodh mean chiangha dana', 'daha dana' ya 'tej avaz karana' adi. badh aur tivr pravah vali dhvaniyoan ke lie bhi yah shabd prayog mean laya jata hai. sanskrit ki damh dhatu se damaan ki samanata hai, jisaka arth bhi dhvani karana hai. 'damadam' bhi isi mool ka shabd hai, jisaka arth 'lagatar' athava 'musalasal' hai. sikkhoan ka pavitratam sthan 'damadami takasal' bhi isase hi ju da hai. kabir ne bhi kee jagah brahmanad ke lie anahad baja ya gagan damama shabd ka prayog kiya hai. bhagavan shiv ka priy vady damaroo isase hi bana hai. damaroo ke akar ko yadi dhyan se dekha jae to isamean do behad chhote nakkare ek doosare ki pith se jude hue nazar ate haian. lak di ki shalakaoan ki jagah cham de par aghat ka kam soot ki gathan lagi do l diyaan karati haian. damaroo ki avaz ko damadam aur is kriya ko dugadugi kahate haian. kisi bat ke prachar ya ghoshana ke lie 'dugadugi pitana' muhavara bhi sandesh pranali se ju da raha hai.[1]
naga de ke lie ek vishesh deshi shabd bhi hai, jise dhol kahate haian. yah mool roop se sanskrit se nikala hai. dhol ke chhote roop ko dholak kahate haian. isi ke chhote roop ka nam dholaki hota hai. naga da jahaan saangitik vady nazar nahian ata, vahian dholak apane ap mean paripoorn tal vady hai. dhol shabd se bhi kee muhavare nikale haian, jaise- 'dhol ki pol', 'door ke dhol suhavane' adi. vivah adi mean dhol bajana maangalik mana jata hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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