अपवर्तन
jab prakash ki kiranean ek paradarshi madhyam mean pravesh karati hai, to donoan madhyamoan ko alag karane vale tal par abhilambath apati hone par bina mu de sidhe nikal jati hai, parantu tirachhi apati hone par ve apani mool disha se vichalit ho jati hai. is ghatana ko prakash ka apavartan kahate haian. jab prakash ki koee kiran viral madhyam se saghan madhyam mean pravesh karati hai, to donoan madhyamoan ke prishth par khianche ge abhilanb ki or jhuk jati hai tatha jab kiran saghan madhyam se viral madhyam mean pravesh karati, to vah abhilanb se door hat jati hai, lekin jo kiran abhilanb ke samaantar pravesh karati hai, unake path mean koee parivartan nahian hota.
apavartan ke niyam
- apatit kiran, abhilanb tatha apavartit kiran tinoan ek hi samatal mean sthit hote haian.
- kinhian do madhyamoan ke lie apatan kon ke jya (sine) tatha apavartan kon ke jya ka anupat ek niyataank hota hai. arthath
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\frac {\sin i}{\sin r}}=\mu (niyataank)
niyataank ko pahale madhyam ke sapeksh doosare madhyam ka apavartanaank kahate haian. is niyam ko snel ka niyam bhi kahate haian.
- kisi madhyam ka apavartanaank bhinn-bhinn rang ke prakash ke lie bhinn-bhinn hota hai. tarangadairdhy badhane ke sath apavartanaank ka man kam ho jata hai. atah lal rang ka apavartanaank sabase kam tatha baiangani rang ka apavartanaank sabase adhik hota hai.
- tap badhane par bhi samanyatah apavartanaank ghatata hai. lekin yah parivartan bahut hi kam hota hai.
- kisi madhyam ka nirapeksh apavartanaank nirvat mean prakash ki chal tatha us madhyam mean prakash ki chal ke anupat ke barabar hota hai. arthath
nirvat apavartanaank Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \mu = nirvat mean prakash ki chal / madhyam mean prakash ki chal
apavartanaank ke karan ghatit ghatanaean
- drav mean aanshatah doobi huee sidhi chh d tedhi dikhaee p dati hai.
- tare timatimate hue dikhaee p date haian.
- sooryoday ke pahale evan sooryast ke bad bhi soory dikhaee dete haian.
- pani se bhare kisi bartan ki tali mean p da hua sikka oopar utha hua dikhaee p data hai.
- jal ke andar p di huee machhali vastavik gaharaee se kuchh oopar uthi huee dikhaee p dati hai.
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