अफ़्रीदी

afridi sima prant ka ek pashtoon l dakoo kabila hai, jo khaibar kshetr mean nivas karata hai. ye log bharatiy prashasan ke lie barabar siradard bane rahe haian. aurangazeb aur aangrezoan ne bhi b di mushkil se in logoan par niyantran sthapit kiya tha.

• is kabile ke log svayan ko pashto mean 'aparidi' bulate hai.
• afridi log afaganistan aur pakistan mean poorvi safed koh parvatiy kshetr, pashchimi peshavar vadi aur poorvi nangarahar prant mean basate haian.
• pakistan ke sangh-shasit qabaeeli kshetroan ke khaibar vibhag, peshavar sarahadi kshetr aur kohat sarahadi kshetr mean bhi afaridi vistrit haian. ve isi ilake ke prasiddh khaibar darre ke donoan taraf rahate haian.
• bahut-se afridi bharat ke uttar pradesh, bihar aur jammoo-kashmir rajyoan mean bhi rahate haian.
• afridi logoan ne 1667 ee. mean mugal badashah aurangazeb ke viruddh vidroh kar diya tha.
• aurangazeb ko ek lambe sangharsh ke bad hi inaka daman karane mean saphalata prapt huee thi.
• 1893 ee. ke bad jab afaganistan aur bharat ki sima 'durand rekha' tay ki gee, to afridi kshetr bharat ki british sarakar ke adhin a gaya.
• british shasakoan ko is kshetr par niyantran karane ke lie anek fauji abhiyan chalane p de.
• aangrezoan ko afridi saradaroan ko apani or milane ke lie unhean arthik sahayata tak bhi deni p di thi.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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