अराजकता

arajakata, arajakatavad arajakata ek adarsh hai jisaka siddhaant arajakatavad hai. arajakatavad rajy ko samapt kar vyaktiyoan, samoohoan aur rashtroan ke bich svatantr aur sahaj sahayog dvara samast manaviy sanbandhoan mean nyay sthapit karane ke prayatnoan ka siddhaant hai. arajakatavad ke anusar karyasvatanty jivan ka gatyatmak niyam hai, aur isilie usaka mantavy hai ki samajik sangathan vyaktiyoan ke kary svatantry ke lie adhikatam avasar pradan kare. manaviy prakriti mean atmaniyaman ki aisi shakti hai jo bahy niyantran se mukt rahane par sahaj hi suvyavastha sthapit kar sakati hai. manushy par anushasan ka aropan hi samajik aur naitik buraiyoan ka janak hai. isalie hiansa par ashrit rajy tatha usaki any sansthaean in buraiyoan ko door nahian kar sakatian. manushy svabhavat: achchha hai, kiantu ye sansthaean manushy ko bhrasht kar deti haian. bahy niyantran se mukt, vastavik svatantrata ka sahayogi samoohik jivan pramukh riti se chhote samoohoan se sanbhav hai; isalie samajik sangathan ka adarsh sanghavadi hai.

suvyavasthit roop mean arajakatavad ke siddhaant ko sarvapratham pratipadit karane ka shrey stoik vicharadhara ke pravarttak zeno ko hai. usane rajyarahit aise samaj ki sthapana par jor diya jahaan nirapeksh samanata evan svatantrata manaviy prakriti ki satpravrittiyoan ko suvikasit kar sarvabhaum samanjasy sathapit kar sake. doosari shatabdi ke madhy mean arajakatavad ke samyavadi svaroop ke pravarttak karpokretiz ne rajy ke atirikt niji sanpatti ke bhi unmoolan ki bat kahi. madhyayug ke uttarardh mean eesaee darshanikoan tatha samudayoan ke vicharoan aur sangathan mean kuchh spasht arajakatavadi pravrittiyaan vyakt hueean jinaka mukhy adhar yah dava tha ki vyakti eeshvar se sidha rahasyatmak sanbandh sthapit kar papamukt ho sakata hai.

adhunik arth mean vyavasthit dhang se arajakatavadi siddhaant ka pratipadan viliyam g aaudavin ne kiya jisake anusar sarakar aur niji sanpatti ve do buraiyaan haian jo manav jati ki prakritik poornata ki prapti mean badhak haian. doosaroan ko adhinasth karane ka sadhan hone ke karan sarakar nirankushata ka svaroop hai, aur shoshan ka sadhan hone ke karan niji sanpatti kroor anyay. parantu g aaudavin ne sabhi sanpatti ko nahian, keval usi sanpatti ko bura bataya jo shoshan mean sahayak hoti hai. adarsh samajik sangathan ki sthapana ke lie usane hiansatmak kraantikari sadhanoan ko anuchit thaharaya. nyay ke adarsh ke prachar se hi vyakti mean vah chetana laee ja sakati hai jisase vah chhoti sthaniy ikaiyoan ki adarsh arajakatavadi prasanvidatmak vyavastha sthapit karane mean sahayog de sake.

isake bad do vicharadharaoan ne vishesh roop se arajakatavadi siddhaant ke vikas mean yog diya. ek thi charam vyaktivad ki vicharadhara, jisaka pratinidhitv harbart speansar karate haian. in vicharakoan ke anusar svatantrata aur satta mean virodh hai aur rajy ashubh hi nahian, anavashyak bhi hai. kiantu ye vicharak nishchit roop se niji sanpatti ke unmoolan ke paksh mean nahian the aur n sangathit dharm ke hi viruddh the.

doosari vicharadhara fuarabakh (Feuerbach) ke darshan se sanbandhit thi jisane sangathit dharm tatha rajy ke parabhautik adhar ka virodh kiya. fuarabakh ke kraantikari vicharoan ke anukool maiks starnar ne samaj ko keval ek marichika bataya tatha dridhata se kaha ki manushy ka apana vyaktitv hi ek aisi vastavikata hai jise jana ja sakata hai. vaiyaktikata par simaean nirdharit karanevale sabhi niyam ahan ke svasth vikas mean badhak haian. rajy ke sthan par 'ahanvadiyoan ka sangh' (aisosieshan aauv igoists) ho to adarsh vyavastha mean arthik shoshan ka unmoolan ho jaega, kyoanki samaj ka pramukh utpadan svatantr sahayog ka pratiphal hoga. kraanti ke sanbandh mean usaka yah mat tha ki hiansa par ashrit rajy ka unmoolan hiansa dvara hi ho sakata hai.

arajakatavad ko jagarook jan aandolan banane ka shrey proodhoan (Proudhon) ko hai. usane sanpatti ke ekadhikar tatha usake anuchit svamitv ka virodh kiya. adarsh samajik sangathan vah hai jo 'vyavastha mean svatantrata tatha ekata mean svadhinata' pradan kare. is lakshy ki prapti ke lie do maulik kraantiyaan avashyak haian : ek ka sanchalan vartaman arthik vyavastha ke viruddh tatha doosare ka vartaman rajy ke viruddh ho. parantu kisi bhi sthiti mean kraanti hiansatmak n ho, varanh‌ vyakti ki arthik svatantrata tatha usake naitik vikas par jor diya jae. aantat: proodhoan ne svikar kiya ki rajy ko poornaroopen samapt nahian kiya ja sakata, isalie arajakatavad ka mukhy uddeshy rajy ke karyoan ko vikeandrit karana tatha svatantr samoohik jivan dvara use jahaan tak sanbhav ho, kam karana chahie.

bakoonin ne adhunik arajakatavad mean keval kuchh nee pravrittiyaan hi nahian jo dian, varanh‌ use samashtivadi svaroop bhi pradan kiya. usane bhoomi tatha utpadan ke any sadhanoan ke samoohik svamitv par jor dene ke sath-sath upabhog ki vastuoan ke niji svamitv ko bhi svikar kiya. usake vichar ke tin mooladhar haian : arajakatavad, anishvaravad tatha svatantr vargoan ke bich svechchha par adharit sahayogita ka siddhaant. phalat: vah rajy, charch aur niji sanpatti, in tinoan sansthaoan ka virodhi hai. usake anusar vartaman samaj do vargoan mean vibhajit hai : sanpann varg jisake hath mean rajasatta rahati hai, tatha vipajh varg jo bhoomi, pooanji aur shiksha se vanchit rahakar pahale varg ki nirankushata ke adhin rahata hai, isalie svatantrata se bhi vanchit rahata hai. samaj mean pratyek ke lie svatantrata-prapti anivary hai. isake lie doosaroan ko adhin rakhanevali har prakar ki satta ka bahishkar karana hoga. eeshvar aur rajy aisi hi do sattaean haian. ek paralaukik jagath‌ mean tatha doosari laukik jagath‌ mean uchchatam satta ke siddhaant par adharit hai. charch pahale siddhaant ka martt roop hai. isalie rajyavirodhi kraanti charchavirodhi bhi ho. sath hi, rajy sadaiv niji sanpatti ka poshak hai, isalie yah kraanti niji sanpattivirodhi bhi ho. kraanti ke sanbandh mean bakoonin ne hiansatmak sadhanoan par apana vishvas prakat kiya. kraanti ka pramukh uddeshy in tinoan sansthaoan ka vinash bataya gaya hai, parantu ne samaj ki rachana ke vishay mean kuchh nahian kaha gaya. manushy ki sahayogita ki pravritti mean asim vishvas hone ke karan bakoonin ka yah vichar tha ki manav samaj eeshvar ke aandhavishvas, rajy ke bhrashtachar tatha niji sanpatti ke shoshan se mukt hokar apana svasth sangathan svayan kar lega. kraanti ke sanbandh mean usaka vichar tha ki use janasadharan ki sahaj kriyaoan ka pratiphal hona chahie. sath hi, hiansa par atyadhik bal dekar usane arajakatavad mean atankavadi siddhaant jo da.^[1]

pichhali shatabdi ke uttarardh mean arajakatavad ne adhik se adhik samyavadi roop apanaya hai. is aandolan ke neta kropatkin ne poorn samyavad par bal diya. parantu sath hi usane janakraanti dvara rajy ko vinisht karane ki bat kahakar sattaroodh samyavad ko amany thaharaya. kraanti ke lie usane bhi hiansatmak sadhanoan ka prayog uchit bataya. adarsh samaj mean koee rajanitik sangathan n hoga, vyakti aur samaj ki kriyaoan par janamat ka niyantran hoga. janamat abadi ki chhoti-chhoti ikaiyoan mean prabhavotpadak hota hai, isalie adarsh samaj gramoan ka samaj hoga. aropit sangathan ki koee avashyakata n hogi kyoanki aisa samaj poornaroopen naitik vidhan ke anuroop hoga. hiansa par ashrit rajy ko sanstha ke sthan par adarsh samaj ke adhar aichchhik sangh aur samuday hoange aur unaka sangathan niche se vikasit hoga. sabase niche svatantr vyaktiyaan ke samuday, kamyoon hoange, kamyoon ke sangh praant, aur praant ke sangh rashtr hoange. rashtroan ke sangh yooropiy sanyukt rashtr ki aur aantat: vishv sanyukt rashtr ki sthapana hogi.^[2]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 232-33 |
↑ san.gran.-kokar, eph. dablyoo. : riseant politikal th aaut, nyooy aaurk, 1934; krop aautkin, pi. : enakrijm- its filasafi aiand aidiyal, 1904; gre, elekjaiandar di soshalist traidishan, landan, 1946; rid, harbart : di filasafi aauv enarkijm, 1947; lohh‌r phredadik : enarkijm; vilsan, si. enarkijm.

sanbandhit lekh

shabd sandarbh kosh

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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 232-33 |

[2] san.gran.-kokar, eph. dablyoo. : riseant politikal th aaut, nyooy aaurk, 1934; krop aautkin, pi. : enakrijm- its filasafi aiand aidiyal, 1904; gre, elekjaiandar di soshalist traidishan, landan, 1946; rid, harbart : di filasafi aauv enarkijm, 1947; lohh‌r phredadik : enarkijm; vilsan, si. enarkijm.

[1]

[2]

अराजकता

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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