अर्थालंकार

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jis alankar mean arth ke madhyam se kavy mean chamatkar utpann hota hai, vahaan arthalankar hota hai. isake pramukh bhed haian.

upama

mukhy lekh : upama alankar

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jahaan ek vastu ya prani ki tulana atyant sadrishy ke karan prasiddh vastu ya prani se ki jae, vahaan upama alankar hota hai. upama alankar ke char tatv hote haian-

upamey - jisaki upama di jae arthath jisaka varnan ho raha hai.
upaman - jisase upama di jae.
sadharan dharm - upamey tatha upaman mean paya jane vala parampar saman gun.
vachak shabd - upamey aur upaman mean samanata prakat karane vala shabd jaise- jyoan, sam, sa, si, tuly, naee.

udaharan

naval sundar shyam-sharir ki,
sajal nirad-si kal kanti thi.

is udaharan ka vishleshan is prakar hoga. kanti- upamey, nirad- upaman, kal- sadharan dharm, si- vachak shabd

roopak

mukhy lekh : roopak alankar

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jahaan gun ki atyant samanata ke karan upamey mean upaman ka abhed aropan ho, vahaan roopak alankar hota hai.

jaise

maiya maian to chandr khilauna laihoan.

• yahaan chandrama (upamey) mean khilauna (upaman) ka arop hone se roopak alankar hota hai.

utpreksha

mukhy lekh : utpreksha alankar

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jahaan samanata ke karan upamey mean sanbhavana ya kalpana ki jae vahaan utpreksha alankar hota hai. mano, manu, manahu, jano, janu, janahu adi isake bodhak shabd haian.

jaise

kahati huee yoan uttara ke netr jal se bhar ge.
him ke karnoan se poorn mano ho ge pankaj ne॥

• yahaan uttara ke ashrupoorn netroan (upamey) mean os-kan yukt pankaj (upaman) ki sanbhavana ki gee hai.

upameyopama

mukhy lekh : upameyopama alankar

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upamey aur upaman ko paraspar upaman aur upamey banane ki prakriya ko upameyopama kahate haian.

atishayokti

mukhy lekh : atishayokti alankar

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jahaan upamey ka varnan lok sima se badhakar kiya jae vahaan atishayokti alankar hota hai.

jaise

age nadiya p di apar, gho da kaise utare par.
rana ne socha is par, tab tak chetak tha us par.

• yahaan sochane ki kriya ki poorti hone se pahale hi gho de ka nadi ke par pahuanchana lok-sima ka atikraman hai, atah atishayokti alankar hai.

ullekh

mukhy lekh : ullekh alankar

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jahaan ek vastu ka varnan anek prakar se kiya jae, vahaan ullekh alankar hota hai.

jaise

too roop hai kiran mean, saundary hai suman mean,
too pran hai kiran mean, vistar hai gagan mean.

virodhabhas

mukhy lekh : virodhabhas alankar

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jahaan virodh n hote hue bhi virodh ka abhas diya jae, vahaan virodhabhas alankar hota hai.

jaise

bain suny jabatean madhur,
tabatean sunat n bain.

• yahaan 'bain suny' aur 'sunat n bain' mean virodh dikhaee p data hai jabaki donoan mean vastavik virodh nahian hai.

drishtant

mukhy lekh : drishtant alankar

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jahaan upamey aur upaman tatha unake sadharan dharmoan mean bimb-pratibimb bhav ho, drishtant alankar hota hai.

jaise

sukh-dukh ke madhur milan se yah jivan ho paripooran.
phir ghan mean ojhal ho shashi, phir shashi mean ojhal ho ghan.

• yahaan sukh-dukh aur shashi tatha ghan mean bimb-pratibimb bhav hai.

alankar	lakshan\pahachan chihn	udaharan\ tippani
upama	bhinn padarthoan ka sadrishy pratipadan upama ke char aang- upamey\ prastut- jisaki upama di jay. upaman\aprastut- jisase upama di jay. saman dharm (gun)- upamey v upaman mean paya janevala ubhayanishth gun sadrishy vachak shabd- upamey v upaman ki samata batane vala shabd (sa, aisa, jaisa, jyoan, sadrish, saman).	udaharan:- naval sundar shyam-sharir ki, sajal nirad-si kal kanti thi. is udaharan ka vishleshan is prakar hoga. kanti - upamey, nirad - upaman, kal - sadharan dharm, si - vachak shabd
poornopama	jisamean upama ke charoan aang maujood hoan	mukh chandr-sa sundar hai. mukh - upamey, chandr-upaman, saman dharm- sundarata, sadrishy vachak, shabd - sa
luptopama	jisamean upama ke ek, do, ya tin aang lupt (gayab) ho	mukh chandr- sa hai. saman dharm 'sundarata' ka lop.
pratip	upama ka ulta (prasiddh upaman ko upamey bana dena)	mukh- sa chandr hai. mukh→ upaman, chandr→ upamey
upameyopama	pratip + upama	mukh-sa chandr aur chandr- sa mukh hai.
ananvay (n aanvay)	ek hi vastu ko upamey v upaman donoan kahana (jab upamey ki samata dene ke lie koee upaman nahian hota aur kaha jata hai usake saman vahi hai.	(1) mukh mukh hi sa hai. (2) ram se ram, siya si siya
sandeh	upamey mean upaman ka sandeh	yah mukh hai ya chandr hai.
utpreksha	upamey mean upaman ki sanbhavana (bodhak shabd- mano, manu, manahu, jano, janu, janahu)	mukh mano chandr hai. (mano bodhak shabd)
roopak	upamey mean upaman ka arop (nishedharahit)	mukh chandr hai.
apahnuti	upamey mean upaman ka arop (nishedhasahit)	yah mukh nahian, chandr hai.
atishayokti	upamey ko nigalakar upaman ke sath abhinnata pradarshit karana (jahaan bahut badha-chadhakar lok sima se bahar ki bat kahi jay)	yah chandr hai.
ullekh	vishay bhed se ek vastu ka anek prakar se varnan (ullekh).	(1) usake mukh ko koee kamal, koee chandr kahata hai. (2) jaki rahi bhavana jaisi, prabhoo -moorati dekhi tin taisi. dekhahi bhoop maha ranadhira, manahu vir ras dhare sarira. dare kutil nrip prabhuhian nihari, manahu bhayanak moorati bhari (tulasidas).
smaran	sadrish ya visadrish vastu ke pratyaksh se poorvanubhoot vastu ka smaran	chandr ko dekhakar mukh yad ata hai.
bhraantiman\bhram	sadrishy ke karan ek vastu ko doosari vastu man lena. not: - bhraantiman alankar mean upamey v upaman ke sadrishy ka abhas, saty liya jata hai, parantu sandeh alankar mean duvidha (sandeh) bani rahati hai 'ye haian' ya 'vo hai.	phirat gharan nootan pathik chale chakit chit bhagi. phoolyo dekhi palas van, samuhean samujhi davagi॥ (biharilal) yahaan videsh gaman karane vale naye pathik pushpit palash van ko dekhakar (palash ke phool bahut lal hote haian) use davagni (jangal ki ag) samajh dar se phir ghar laut ate haian.
tulyayogita	anek prastutoan ya aprastutoan ka ek dharm mean sanbandh batana	apane tan ke jani kai, joban nripati prabin. stan, man, nain, nitanb ko b do ijafa kin॥ (biharilal)
dipak	prastut v aprastut donoan ka ek dharm mean sanbandh batana.	mukh aur chandr shobhate haian.
prativastoopama	upamey v upaman vakyoan mean ek hi sadharan dharm ko vibhinn shabdoan se kahana	mukh ko dekhakar netr tript ho jate haian (upamey vaky) chandr darshan se kisaki aankhe nahian ju dati? (upaman vaky).
drishtaant	upamey- upaman mean bimb- pratibimb bhav ( bhav- samy- ek hi ashay ki do bhinn abhivyakti)	usaka mukh nisarg sundar (prakritik roop se sundar) hai; chandrama ko prasadhan ki kya avashyakata? mool ashay- sundar vastu ka svabhavik (prakritik) roop se sundar lagana
nidarshana	upamey ka gun upaman mean athava upaman ka gun upamey mean aropit hona	ravi sasi nakhat dipahian ohi joti. ratan padarath manik moti॥ (jayasi) yahaan padmavati ki dant jyoti (upamey) se ravi, shashi, nakshatr, ratn, maniky, aur moti (sabhi upaman) ka jyotit hona kaha gaya hai. atah upamey ka gun (dipt hona- chamakana) upaman mean aropit hone se nidarshana alankar hai.
vyatirek	upaman ki apeksha upamey ka vyatirek yani utkarsh varnan	chandr sakalank, mukh nishkalank; donoan mean samata kaisi?
sahokti	saharthak shabd ke bal se jahaan ek shabd se anek arth nikale (saharthak shabd sah, sang, sath, adi)	bhauanhani sang chadhaiyai, kar gahi chap manoj. nah- neh sang hi badhyau, lochan laj, uroj॥
vinokti	yadi koee vastu kisi any vastu ke bina ashobhan ya shobhan batayi jay	bina putr soona sadan, gat gun sooni deh. vitt, bina sab shoony hai, priyatam bina saneh॥ yahaan putr ke bina ghar, gun ke bina sharir, dhan ke bina sab kuchh aur priyatam bina sneh ki ashobhanata batayi gee hai.
samasokti	prastut ke madhyam se aprastut ka varnan	chanp lata sukumar too, dhan tuv bhagy bisal. tere dhig sohat sukhad, sundar syam tamal॥ yahaan kaha ja raha hai prastut champak lata se jo tamal vriksh se lipati hai - ari champak lata. too b di komal hai, too dhany aur b di bhagyashalini hai jo tere samip sukhad, sundar shyam tamal shobh rahe haian. lekin 'champak lata' v 'tamal' ke madhyam se aprastut 'radha' v 'krishna' ka varnan kiya gaya hai.
anyokti\ aprastut prashansa	samasokti ka ulta yani aprastut (pratikoan) ke madhyam se prastut ka varnan	nahian parag nahian madhur madhu, nahian vikas ihi kal. ali kali hi sauan vidhyauan, age kaun haval॥ (biharilal) yahaan bhramar aur kali ka prasang aprastut vidhan ke roop mean hai, jisake madhyam se raja jayasianh ko sachet kiya gaya hai.
paryayokti	sidhe n kahakar ghuma-phirakar kahana	apane kaise kripa ki. isaka arth hai ap kis kam ke lie aye.
vyajastuti (vyaj- ninda)	ninda se stuti ya stuti se ninda ki pratiti	udho tum ati chatur sujan je pahile rang rangi syam rang tinh n chadhai rang an. (sooradas) yahaan uddhav ki prashansa mean ninda chhipi hai.
parikar	yadi visheshan sabhipray ho	jano n nek vyatha par ki, balihari too pai sujan kahavat.
parikarakuanr	yadi visheshy sabhipray ho	pyari kahat lajat nahian, pavas chalat vides॥ (biharilal)
akshep	kisi vivakshit vastu ko bina kiye bich mean hi chho d dena.	apase kahana to bahut kuchh tha, par usase labh kya hoga.
virodhabhas	virodh n hone par bhi virodh ka abhas	mithi lage aankhiyan lunaee.
vibhavana	karan ke abhav mean kary ki utpatti ka varnan	binu pad chalai, sunai binu kana. kar binu karam karai vidhi nana॥ (tulasidas)
visheshokti	karan ke rahate hue bhi kary	nainauan se sadaiv jal ki varsha hoti rahati hai, tab ka n hona bhi pyas nahian bujhati.
asangati	karan aur kary mean sangati ka abhav (karan kahian aur, kary kahian aur)	drig urajhat tootat kutum (biharilal) yahaan ulajhati hai, aankhean atah tootana bhi unhean hi chahie par tootata hai kutumb se sanbandh.
visham	do bemel padarthoan ka sanbandh batana	ko kahi sake b den ki, lakhe b di hoo bhool. dinhean dee gulab ke, in daran ye phool॥ (biharilal) kahaan to gulab ki kantili dar aur kahaan aise sukumar phool. in do bemel vastuoan ka ekatrikaran vidhata ki bhool ka hi to parinam hai.
karanamala	ek ka doosara karan, doosare ka tisara karan batate jana	hot lobh te moh, mohahian te upaje garab. garab badhave koh, koh kalah kalahahu vyatha. lobh→ moh→ garv→ krodh→ kalah→ vyatha.
ekavali	poorv- poorv vastu ke prati par-par vastu ka visheshan roop se sthanapan ya nishedh	manush vahi jo ho guni, guni jo kobid roop. kobid jo kavipad lahai, kavi jo ukti anoop॥ yahaan 'manush' visheshy aur 'guni' usaka visheshan hai, age chalakar yah 'guni' hi visheshy ho jata hai aur 'kobid' usaka visheshan .
kavyaliang (liang- karan)	kisi kathan ka karan dena (pahachan chihn- jisamean kyoanki isalie, chooanki adi ki sahayata se arth kiya ja sake)	kanak-kanak te sau guni, madakata adhikay. uhi khaye baurat nar, ihi paye bauray॥ (biharilal) sona dhatoore ki apeksha sau guna adhik madak hota hai 'kyoanki' dhatoore ko khane par nasha hota hai, par sona hath mean ate hi.
sar	vastuoan ka uttarottar utkarsh varnan	ati ooanche giri, giri se bhi ooanche haripad hai. unase bhi ooanche sajjan ke hriday vishad haian॥ yahaan parvat ki apeksha bhagavan ke charan aur bhagavan ke charan ki apeksha sajjanoan ke hriday ka utkarsh varnan hai.
anuman	sadhan (pratyaksh) ke dvara sadhy (apratyaksh) ka chamatkarapoorn varnan	mohi karat kat bavari, kiye doorav durai n. kahe det rang rati ke, rang nichurat se nain॥ biharilal yahaan lal aankhean dekhakar rat ki rati-keli ka anuman ho raha hai. 'rang nichurat se nain' sadhan hai jisake dvara 'rati ke rang' sadhy ka anuman hota hai.
yathasankhy\kram	kuchh padarthoan ka ullekh karake usi kram (silasile) se unase sanbaddh any padarthoan, karyoan ya gunoan ka varnan karana	mani manik mukata chhabi jaisi. ahi giri gajasir soh n taisi॥ yahaan pratham charan mean mani, maniky aur mukta ka jis kram se kathan hai dvitiy charan mean usi kram se unako jo dana p data hai. mani sarp ke sir par maniky parvat par aur mukta hathi ke mastak par utpann hoti hai.
arthapatti	ek bat se doosari bat ka svatah siddh ho jana	athava ek paras mean hi jab, taras rahi maian itani hogi vikal n jane tab vah, sada-sangini kitani? kubja ki ukti hai- krishna ke ek hi sparsh ke bad unase viyukt hokar jab mujhe itani bekali (vyakulata\bechaini) hai to unase bichhu dakar sada sath rahane vali bechari radha ki kaisi dasha hogi.(maithilisharan gupt)
parisankhya	ek hi vastu ki anek sthanoan mean sthiti sanbhav hone par bhi anyatr nishedh kar usaka ek sthan mean varnan karana.	ram ke rajy mean vakrata keval sundariyoan ke kataksh mean thi.
sam	paraspar anukool vastuoan ka yogy sanbandh varnan	chirajivo jori, jurai kyo n saneh ganbhir. ko ghati ye vrishabhanuja, ve haladhar ke bir॥ (biharilal) yahaan radha aur krishna ki yogy jo di ki prashansa hai.
tadgun	apane gun ko chho dakar utkrisht gun vali doosari vastu ke gun ko grahan karana.	arun kiran-mala se ravi ki, nirjhar ka chanchal ujjval jal, ban suvarn, pighale suvarn ki, dhara-sa bahata hai, aviral. yahaan soory ki lal kiranoan ke sanpark mean ane se nirjhar ka jal apani ujjvalata ko chho dakar soory ki lalima grahan kar sundar varn vala ban gaya hai.
atadgun	tadgun ka ulta (doosari vastu ke gunoan ko grahan n karana)	chandan vish vyapat nahian, lapate rahat bhujang. (rahim)
milit (mil-jana)	anuroop vastu ke dvara kisi vastu ka chhip jana	baran bas sukumarata, sab bidh rahi samay. pankhuri lagi gulab ki, gal n jani jay॥ (biharilal) gulab ki pankh di nayika ke gal par rang, gandh aur komalata ke atishay sadrishy ke karan us gulab ki pankh di ka alag se jnat nahian hota.
unmilit	milit ka ulta	dithi n parat saman duti, kanak- kanak se gat. bhooshan kar karakas lagat, paras pichhane jat॥ (biharilal) yahaan sunahale sharir aur sone ke abhooshanoan ka aantar nahian dikhata par sparsh mean kathorata ke anubhav se abhooshanoan aur aangoan ka parthaky maloom p data hai.
samany	sadrish gunoan ke karan prastut ka aprastut ke sath abhed pratipadan	yah ujjval prasad, chaandani se mil ekakar. gun samy (sundarata) ke karan prastut (prasad) aprastut (chaandani) ne milakar abhinn pratit ho raha hai.
svabhavokti	vastu ka yathavat\svabhavik varnan	sobhit kar navanit lie, ghutarun chalat renu tanu mandit mukh dadhi lep kie. (sooradas) yahaan krishna ki bal- cheshta ka svabhavik varnan hai.
vyajokti (vyaj- chhal\bahana)	prakat hue rahasy ko kisi bahane se chhipa lena	kare varanh daravano, kat avat ihi geh. kai va lakhyau sakhi, lakhe lagaian tharathari deh॥ (biharilal) nayika kisi sakhi ke pas baithi hai. vahian kisi kam se krishna chale ate haian. unhean dekhakar nayika ko alianganechchhajany kampan (tharathari) ho ati hai par use vah yah kah chhipati hai ki is kale vyakti ko dekhakar hi maian dar se kaanpane lagati hooan.
arthaantaranyas	samany ka vishesh se ya vishesh ka samany se samarthan karana	je 'rahim' uttam prakriti, ka kari sakat kusang. chandan vish vyapat nahian, lipate rahat bhujang॥(rahim) samany ka vishesh se samarthan. pratham charan- samany bat. dvitiy charan - vishesh bat.
lokokti	prasangavash lokokti ka prayog karana	achhe din pachhe gaye, hari se kiyo n het. ab pachhatava kya karai, chi diyaan chug gee khet॥
udaharan-	ek vaky kahakar usake udaharan ke roop mean doosara vaky kahana not- 'drishtaant' mean donoan vakyoan mean bimb pratibimb bhav rahata hai tatha koee vachak shabd nahian hota; jabaki 'udaharan' mean donoan vakyoan ka sadharan dharm to bhinn rahata hai parantu vachak shabd ke dvara unamean samanata pradarshit ki jati hai.	ve rahim nar dhany hai, par upakari aang. baantan vare ko lage, jyoan meanhadi ko rang. (rahim)

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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