अलाउद्दीन ख़िलजी
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alauddin khilaji (1296-1316 ee.) tak dilli ka sultan tha. vah khilaji vansh ke sansthapak jalaluddin khilaji ka bhatija aur damad tha. sultan banane ke pahale use ilahabad ke nikat k da ki jagir di gayi thi. alauddin khilaji ka bachapan ka nam ali 'gurashasp' tha. jalaluddin khilaji ke takht par baithane ke bad use 'amir-e-tujuk' ka pad mila. malik chhajjoo ke vidroh ko dabane mean mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhane ke karan jalaluddin ne use k da-manikapur ki soobedari sauanp di. bhilasa, chanderi evan devagiri ke saphal abhiyanoan se prapt apar dhan ne usaki sthiti aur majaboot kar di. is prakar utkarsh par pahuanche alauddin khilaji ne apane chacha jalaluddin ki hatya 22 aktoobar, 1296 ko kar di aur dilli mean sthit balaban ke lal mahal mean apana rajyabhishek sampann karavaya.
shasan vyavastha
rajyabhishek ke bad utpann kathinaeeyoan ka saphalata poorvak samana karate hue alauddin ne kathor shasan vyavastha ke antargat apane rajy ki simaoan ka vistar karana prarambh kiya. apani prarambhik saphalataoan se protsahit hokar alauddin ne 'sikandar dvitiy' (sani) ki upadhi grahan kar isaka ullekh apane sikkoan par karavaya. usane vishv-vijay evan ek navin dharm ko sthapit karane ke apane vichar ko apane mitr evan dilli ke kotaval 'alaul mulk' ke samajhane par tyag diya. yadyapi alauddin ne khalifa ki satta ko manyata pradan karate hue ‘yamin-ul-khilafat-nasiri-amir-ul-mominin’ ki upadhi grahan ki, kintu usane khalifa se apane pad ki svikrit leni avashyak nahian samajhi. ulema varg ko bhi apane shasan kary mean hastakshep nahian karane diya. usane shasan mean islam dharm ke siddhantoan ko pramukhata n dekar rajyahit ko sarvopari mana. alauddin khilaji ke samay nirankushata apane charam sima par pahuanch gayi. alauddin khilaji ne shasan mean n to islam ke siddhantoan ka sahara liya aur n hi ulema varg ki salah li.
vidrohoan ka daman
alauddin khilaji ke rajy mean kuchh vidroh hue, jinamean 1299 ee. mean gujarat ke saphal abhiyan mean prapt dhan ke bantavare ko lekar ‘navi musalamanoan’ dvara kiye gaye vidroh ka daman nusarat khaan ne kiya. doosara vidroh alauddin ke bhatije akat khaan dvara kiya gaya. apane mangol musalamanoan ke sahayog se usane alauddin par pran ghatak hamala kiya, jisake badalean mean use pak d kar mar diya gaya. tisara vidroh alauddin ki bahan ke l dake malik umar evan mangoo khaan ne kiya, par in donoan ko harakar unaki hatya kar di gee. chautha vidroh dilli ke haji maula dvara kiya gaya, jisaka daman sarakar hamiddin ne kiya. is prakar in sabhi vidrohoan ko saphalata poorvak daba diya gaya. alauddin ne turk amiroan dvara kiye jane vale vidroh ke karanoan ka adhyayan kar un karanoan ko samapt karane ke lie 4 adhyadesh jari kiye. pratham adhyadesh ke antargat alauddin ne dan, upahar evan peanshan ke roop me amiroan ko di gayi bhoomi ko jabt kar us par adhikadhik kar laga diya, jisase unake pas dhan ka abhav ho gaya. dvitiy adhyadhesh ke antargat alauddin ne guptachar vibhag ko sangathit kar ‘barid’ (guptachar adhikari) evan ‘munahin’ (guptachar) ki niyukti ki. tritiy adhyadhesh ke antargat alauddin khilaji ne madyanished, bhaang khane evan jua khelane par poorn pratibandh laga diya. chauthe adhyadesh ke antargat alauddin ne amiroan ke apas mean mel-jol, sarvajanik samarohoan evan vaivahik sambandhoan par pratibandh laga diya. sultan dvara laye gaye ye charoan adhyadesh poornatah saphal rahe. alauddin ne khootoan, mukadamoan adi hindoo lagan adhikariyoan ke visheshadhikar ko samapt kar diya.
samrajy vistar
alauddin khilaji samrajyavadi pravriti ka vyakti tha. usane uttar bharat ke rajyoan ko jit kar un par pratyaksh shasan kiya. dakshin bharat ke rajyoan ko alauddin ne apane adhin kar unase varshik kar vasoola.
gujarat vijay
1298 ee. mean alauddin ne uloog khaan evan nusarat khaan ko gujarat vijay ke lie bheja. ahamadabad ke nikat ‘baghel raja karn’ (rajakaran) aur alauddin ki sena mean sangharsh hua. raja karn ne parajit hokar apani putri ‘deval devi’ ke sath bhag kar devagiri ke shasak ramachandr dev ke yahaan sharan li. alauddin khilaji karn ki sampatti evan usaki patni kamala devi ko sath lekar vapas dilli a gaya. kalantar mean alauddin khilaji ne kamala devi se vivah kar use apani sabase priy rani banaya. yahian par nusarat khaan ne hindoo hij de malik kafoor ko ek hazar dinar mean kharida. yuddh mean vijay ke pashchath sainikoan ne soorat, somanath aur kaimbe tak akraman kiya.
jaisalamer vijay
alauddin khilaji ki sena ke kuchh gho de churane ke karan sultan khilaji ne jaisalamer ke shasak dooda evan usake sahayogi tilak sianh ko 1299 ee. mean parajit kiya aur jesalamer ki vijay ki.
ranathambhaur vijay
ranathambhaur ka shasak hammiradev apani yogyata evan sahas ke lie prasiddh tha. alauddin ke lie ranathambhaur ko jitana isalie bhi avashyak tha, kyoanki hammiradev ne vidrohi mangol neta muhammad shah evan kehab ko apane yahaan sharan de rakhi thi, isalie bhi alauddin ranathambhaur ko jitana chahata tha. atah julaee, 1301 ee. mean alauddin ne ranathambhaur ke qile ko apane qabze mean kar liya. hammiradev viragati ko prapt hua. alauddin ne ranamal aur usake sathiyoan ka vadh karava diya, jo hammiradev se vishvasaghat karake usase a mile the. ‘tarikh-e-alaee’ evan ‘hammir mahakavy’ mean hammiradev usake parivar ke logoan ka jauhar dvara mrityu prapt hone ka varnan hai. ranathambhaur yuddh ke dauran hi nusarat khaan ki mrityu huee.
chittau d akraman evan meva d vijay
meva d ka shasak rana ratan sianh tha, jisaki rajadhani chittau d thi. chittau d ka qila samarik drishtikon se bahut surakshit sthan par bana hua tha. isalie yah qila alauddin ki nigah mean chadha hua tha. kuchh itihasakaroan ne amir khusarav ke rani shaiba aur suleman ke prem prasang ke ullekh adhar par aur 'padmavat ki katha' ke adhar par chittau d par alauddin ke akraman ka karan rani padmini ke anupan saundary ke prati usake akarshan ko thaharaya hai. antatah 28 janavari, 1303 ee. ko sultan chittau d ke qile par adhikar karane mean saphal hua. rana ratan sianh yuddh mean shahid hua aur usaki patni rani padmini ne any striyoan ke sath jauhar kar liya. qile par adhikar ke bad sultan ne lagabhag 30,000 rajapoot viroan ka katl karava diya. usane chittau d ka nam khijr khaan ke nam par 'khijrabad' rakha aur khijr khaan ko sauanp kar dilli vapas a gaya.
chittau d ko punah svatantr karane ka prayatn rajapootoan dvara jari tha. isi bich alauddin ne khijr khaan ko vapas dilli bulakar chittau d durg ki jimmedari rajapoot saradar maladev ko sauanp di. alauddin ki mrityu ke pashchath guhilaut rajavansh ke hammiradev ne maladev par akraman kar 1321 ee. mean chittau d sahit poore meva d ko azad karava liya. is tarah alauddin ki mrityu ke bad chittau d ek bar phir poorn svatantr ho gaya.
malava vijay
malava par shasan karane vala mahalakadev evan usaka senapati haranand (koka pradhan) bahadur yoddha the. 1305 ee. mean alauddin ne multan ke soobedar aeen-ul-mulk ke netritv mean ek sena ko malava par adhikar karane ke lie bheja. donoan pakshoan ke sangharsh mean mahalakadev evan usaka senapati haranand mara gaya. navambar, 1305 mean qile par adhikar ke sath hi ujjain, dharanagari, chanderi adi ko jit kar malava samet dilli saltanat mean mila liya gaya. 1308 ee. mean alauddin ne sivana par adhikar karane ke lie akraman kiya. vahaan ke paramar rajapoot shasak shitaladev ne k da sangharsh kiya, parantu antatah vah mara gaya. kamaluddin gurg ko vahaan ka shasak niyukt kiya gaya.
jalaur
jalaur ke shasak kanhanadev ne 1304 ee. mean alauddin ki adhinata ko svikar kar liya tha, par dhire-dhire usane apane ko punah svatantr kar liya. 1305 ee. mean kamaluddin gurg ke netritv mean sultan ki sena ne kanhanadev ko yuddh mean parajit kar usaki hatya kar di. is prakar jalaur par adhikar ke sath hi alauddin ki rajasthan vijay ka kathin kary poora hua. 1311 ee. tak uttar bharat mean sirph nepal, kashmir evan asam hi aise bhag bache the, jin par alauddin adhikar nahian kar saka tha. uttar bharat ki vijay ke bad alauddin ne dakshin bharat ki or apana rukh kiya.
alauddin ki dakshin vijay
alauddin khilaji ke samakalin dakshin bharat mean sirf tin mahatvapoorn shaktiyaan thian-
- devagiri ke yadav
- dakshin-poorv telangana ke kakatiy aur
- dvarasamudr ke hoyasal
alauddin dvara dakshin bharat ke rajyoan ko jitane ke uddeshy ke pichhe dhan ki chah evan vijay ki lalasa thi. vah in rajyoan ko apane adhin kar varshik kar vasool karana chahata tha. dakshin bharat ki vijay ka mukhy shrey ‘malik kafoor’ ko hi jata hai. alauddin khilaji ke shasan kal mean dakshin mean sarvapratham 1303 ee. mean telangana par akraman kiya gaya. telangana ke shasak pratap roodradev dvitiy ne apani ek sone ki moorti banavakar aur usake gale mean sone ki janjir dal kar atmasamarpan hetu malik kafoor ke pas bheja tha. isi avasar par pratap rudradev ne malik kaphoor ko sansar prasiddh kohinoor hira diya tha.
devagiri
shasak banane ke bad alauddin dvara 1296 ee. mean devagiri ke viruddh kiye gaye abhiyan ki saphalata par, vahaan ke shasak ramachandr dev ne prati varsh elichapur ki ay bhejane ka vada kiya tha, par ramachandr dev ke putr shankar dev (sianhan dev) ke hastakshep se varshik kar ka bhugatan rok diya gaya. atah naib malik kafoor ke netritv me ek sena ko devagiri par dhava bolane ke lie bheja gaya. raste mean raja karn ko yuddh mean parast kar kafoor ne usaki putri deval devi, jo kamala devi evan karn ki putri thi, ko dilli bhej diya, jahaan par usaka vivah khijr khaan se kar diya gaya. raste bhar loot pat karata hua kafoor devagiri pahuancha aur pahuanchate hi usane devagiri par akraman kar diya. bhayanak loot-pat ke bad ramachandr dev ne atmasamarpan kar diya. kafoor apar dhan-sampatti, dher sare hathi evan raja ramachandr dev ke sath vapas dilli aya. ramachandr ke sultan ke samaksh prastut hone par sultan ne usake sath udarata ka vyavahar karate hue ‘ray rayan’ ki upadhi pradan ki. use sultan ne gujarat ki navasari jagir evan ek lakh svarn take dekar vapas bhej diya. kalantar mean raja ramachandr dev alauddin ka mitr ban gaya. jab malik kafoor dvarasamudr vijay ke lie ja raha tha, to ramachandr dev ne usaki bharapoor sahayata ki thi.
telangana
telangana mean kakatiy vansh ke raja rajy karate the. tatkalin telangana ka shasak pratap rudradev tha, jisaki rajadhani varangal thi. navambar, 1309 mean malik kafoor telangana ke lie ravana hua. raste mean ramachandr dev ne kafoor ki sahayata ki. kafoor ne hiroan ki khanoan ke zile asiragadh (meragadh) ke marg se telangana mean pravesh kiya. 1310 ee. mean kafoor apani sena ke sath varangal pahuancha. pratap rudradev ne apani sone ki moorti banavakar gale mean ek sone ki janjir dalakar atmasamarpan svaroop kafoor ke pas bheja, sath hi 100 hathi, 700 gho de, apar dhan rashi evan varshik kar dene ke vayade ke sath alauddin khilaji ki adhinata svikar kar li.
hoyasal
hoyasal ka shasak vir ballal tritiy tha. isaki rajadhani dvarasamudr thi. 1310 ee. mean malik kafoor ne hoyasal ke lie prasthan kiya. is prakar 1311 ee. mean sadharan yuddh ke pashchath ballal dev ne atmasamarpan kar alauddin ki adhinata grahan kar li. usane mabar ke abhiyan mean kafoor ki sahayata bhi ki. sultan alauddin ne ballal dev ko ‘khilat’, ‘ek mukat’, ‘chhatr’ evan das lakh take ki thaili bheant ki.
pandy
pandy ko mabar (malabar) ke nam se bhi jana jata tha. yahaan ke shasak sundar pandy evan vir pandy the. donoan mean hue satta sangharsh mean sundar pandy parajit hua. sundar pandy dvara sahayata maangane par kafoor ne 1311 ee. mean pandyoan ke mahatvapoorn kendr ‘virathool’ par akraman kar diya, par vir pandy hath nahian aya. kafoor ne baramatapati mean sthit ‘liang mahadev’ ke sone ke mandir mean khoob lootapat ki. isake atirikt dher sare mandir usake dvara loote evan to de gaye. amir khusaro ke anusar kafoor ne rameshvaram tak akraman kiya, vahaan ke hindoo mandir ko to dakar ek masjid banavaee. 1311 ee. mean kafoor vipul dhan sampatti ke sath dilli pahuancha, parantu use vir pandy ko pak dane mean saphalata prapt nahian huee. sambhavatah dhan ke drishtikon se yah kafoor ka sarvadhik saphal abhiyan tha.
mangol akraman
alauddin ke samay mean hue mangoloan ke akraman ka uddeshy bharat vijay aur pratishodh ki bhavana thi. 1297-98 ee. mean mangol sena ne apane neta kadar ke netritv mean panjab evan lahaur par akraman kiya. jalandhar ke nikat in akramanakariyoan ko sultan ki sena ne parast kar diya. is sena ka netritv jafar khaan evan uloog khaan ne kiya tha. mangoloan ka doosara akraman saladi ke netritv mean 1298 ee. mean sehaban par hua. jafar khaan ne is akraman ko saphalata poorvak asaphal kar diya. 1299 ee. mean kutalug khvaja ke netritv mean mangol sena ke akraman ko jafar khaan ne asaphal kar diya. isi yuddh ke dauran jafar khaan mara gaya, kyoanki alauddin evan uloog khaan vali sena se use koee sahayata nahian mili. 1303 ee. mean mangol sena ka chautha akraman targi ke netritv mean hua. lagabhag 2 mah tak siri ke qile ko ghere rahane ke bad bhi use saphalata n milane par dilli ke samip ke kshetroan mean lootapat kar targi vapas chala gaya. 1305 ee. mean ‘alibeg’, ‘tartak’ evan ‘targi’ ke netritv mean mangoloan ne amaroha par akraman kiya. parantu malik kafoor evan gaji malik ne mangoloan ko buri tarah parajit kiya. 1306 ee. mean mangol sena ka netritv karane vala ikabalamand, gaji malik (gayasuddin tugalak) dvara ravi nadi ke kinare parast kiya gaya. gaji malik tugalak ko alauddin ne apana sima rakshak niyukt kiya. is prakar alauddin ne apane shasan kal mean mangoloan ke sabase adhik evan sabase bhayanak akraman ka samana karate hue saphalata prapt ki. mangol akraman se suraksha ke lie usane 1304 ee. mean siri ko apani rajadhani banaya tatha qilebandi ki.
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sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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