अल्कोहल

alkohal/ alkohal/ ailkoh aaul

karbanik yaugik se ek ya ek se adhik haidrojan paramanu ka pratisthapan ek ya ek se adhik -O-H samooh dvara kar diya jae to banane vale yaugik alkohal kahalate hai. alkohal ve karbanik padarth haian, jinamean ek ya ek se adhik haidr aauksil samooh (OH) rahate haian. haidr aauksil samooh beanzin karban se sanyukt nahian rahana chahie. yadi beanzin karban ke sath haidr aauksil samooh sanyukt rahata hai to aise karbanik padartho ko 'finol' kahate haian.

rasayanik abhikriyaean

alkohal ki rasayanik abhikriyaean vishesh prakar ki hoti haian aur unake lakshanik gun kisi vishesh alkohal, jaise- methil alkohal, ethil alkohal, glaikol, glisirol adi ke lakshanoan se prakat hote haian.

prakar

sangathan ki drishti se alkohal tin prakar ke hote haian-

1. prathamik - methil alkohal aur ethil alkohal CH₃CH₂OH, prathamik alkohal ke udaharan haian. inamean prathamik CH₂OH, samooh rahata hai.
2. dvitiyak - aisopropil alkohal (CHCH₃CHOHCH₃) dvitiyak alkohal ke udaharan haian. inamean dvitiyak samooh rahata hai.
3. tritiyak - traimethil alkohal (CH₃)₃COH tritiyak alkohal ke udaharan haian. inamean tritiyak samooh COH rahata hai.

prathamik alkohal ke upachayan se aildihaid aur karboksiliy aml banate haian, jinamean karban paramanuoan ki sankhya vahi rahati hai jo alkohal mean rahati hai. dvitiyak alkohal ke upachayan se kiton aur karboksiliy aml banate haian. kiton mean karban paramanu ki sankhya vahi rahati hai jo alkohal mean hai, parantu amloan mean karban paramanuoan ki sankhya ghat jati hai. tritiyak alkohal ke upachayan se bhi aildihaid, kiton aur karboksiliy aml prapt hote haian, parantu in sabamean karban paramanuoan ki sankhya alkohal ke karban paramanuoan ki sankhya se kam hoti hai. tinoan prakar ke alkohaloan ke avakaran se tadanukool haidrokarban banate haian.

jal nikasi par

alkohal se jal nikal lene par eethar, ethilin aauksaid aur asantript haidrokarban banate haian. amloan ke sath abhikriya se alkohal estar banate haian. yadi alkohal mean ek hi haidr aauksil samooh rahe to aise alkohal ko mono-haidr aauksin athava mono-haidrik alkohal, do haidr aauksil samooh hoan to use dai-haidr aauksil athava daihaidrik alkohal aur tin haidr aauksil samooh hoan to use trai-haidr aauksil athava traihaidrik alkohal adi kahate haian.

gandh

alkohal ya to drav hote haian athava thos. drav alkohal mean vishesh prakar ki gandh hoti hai. anubhar ki vriddhi se gandh kam hoti jati hai aur kuchh thos alkohaloan mean gandh bilakul hoti hi nahian.

upayogi padarth

alkohal b de upayogi padarth haian. pratidin vyavahrit hone vali vastuoan se lekar anek udyog dhandhoan tak mean inaka vyavahar hota hai. methil aur ethil alkohal utkrisht koti ke vilayak haian. anek prakar ke plastikoan ke nirman mean methil alkohal ka upayog hota hai. sab suraoan mean ethil alkohal rahata hai. anek oshadhiyoan ka ethil alkohal ek atyavashyak aang hai. alkohal se kritrim rabar bhi taiyar hota hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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