अष्टाध्यायी
ashtadhyayi panini rachit sanskrit vyakaran ka prasiddh granth hai. isamean ath adhyay haian. isaka bharatiy bhashaoan par bahut b da prabhav hai. sath hi isamean yathesht itihas vishayak samagri bhi upalabdh hai.
- vaidik bhasha ko jney , vishvast, bodhagamy evan sundar banane ki parampara mean panini agrani haian.
- sanskrit bhasha ka to yah granth adhar hi hai. unake samay tak sanskrit bhasha mean kee parivarttan hue the, kintu ashtadhyayi ke pranayan se sanskrit bhasha mean sthirata a gayi tatha yah pray: aparivarttanashil ban gayi.
- ashtadhyayi mean kul sootroan ki sankhya 3996 hai. isamean sandhi, subant, kridant, unadi, akhyat, nipat,upasankhyan, svaravidhi, shiksha aur taddhit adi vishayoan ka vichar hai.
- ashtadhyayi ke paribhashik shabdoan mean aise anek shabd haian jo panini ke apane banaye haian aur bahut se aise shabd haian jo poorvakal se prachalit the.
- panini ne apane rache shabdoan ki vyakhya ki hai aur pahale ke anek paribhashik shabdoan ki bhi nayi vyakhya karake unake arth aur prayog ka vikas kiya hai. arambh mean unhoanne chaturdash sootr diye haian. inhian sootroan ke adhar par pratyahar banaye gaye haian, jinaka prayog adi se ant tak panini ne apane sootroan mean kiya hai. pratyaharoan se sootroan ki rachana mean ati laghav a gaya hai.
- ganasamooh bhi inaka apana hi hai. sootroan se hi yah bhi pata chalata hai ki panini ke samay mean poorv-aanchal aur uttar-aanchalavasi do shreni vaiyakaranoan ki thian jo panini ki mandali se atirikt rahi hoangi.
- panini krit ashtadhyayi vaise to vyakaran ka granth mane jate haian kintu in ganthoan mean kahian-kahian rajaoan-maharajaoan evan janatantroan ke ghatanachakr ka vivaran bhi milata haian.
- gotr janapad aur vaidik charanoan ke nam se striyoan ke namakaran ki pratha ka 'ashtadhyayi' mean paryapt ullekh hua hai. isase striyoan ki samajik pratishtha aur gauravatmak sthiti ka sanket milata hai. ek janapad mean utpann rajakumariyaan ya striyaan vivah ke bad jab doosare janapad mean jati thian, tab patigrih mean vah apane janapadiy namoan se pukari jati thian. rajasthan ke rajagharane mean prayah abhi tak yah pratha vidyaman hai, jaise- hadauti ya dhooandhari rani. mahabharat kal mean pray: prasiddh striyoan ke nam madri, kuanti, gaandhari adi isi prakar ke haian.
- panini ne nimnalikhit namoan ka sootr mean ullekh kiya hai- avanti janapad ke kshatriy ki kanya avanti, kuanti janapad ya koantavar desh ki rajakumari kuanti, kuru rashtr ki rajakumari kuru, bharg janapad ki rajakumari bhargi[1] adi. paanchali, vaidehi, aangi, vaangi, magadhi, yah nam prachy desh ke janapadoan ki striyoan ke the.[2]panini ne yaudhey namak ganarajy ki stri ke lie “yaudheyi” shabd ka ullekh kiya hai.[3]
varn aur jati
'ashtadhyayi' mean varn, jati aur bandhu yah tin shabd ae haian. varn prachin shabd tha. usake sthan par jati shabd chalane laga tha, jo is arth mean apekshakrit navin tha. katyayan ke 'shrautasootr' mean jati ka arth keval parivar hai. ek varn mean utpann hue vyakti paraspar savarn hote the.[4] jati ka ek-ek vyakti 'bandhu' kahalata tha. jatyantachchh bandhuni[5] sootr ka abhipray yah hai ki jativadi shabd se chh pratyay lagakar us jati ke ek vyakti ka bodh kiya jata hai, jaise- brahmanajatiy:, kshatriyajatiy:, vaishyajatiy:.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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