आयरलैंड

ayaralaiand gret briten ke pashchim mean ek b da dvip hai jo 51° 26' u.a. se 55° 21' u.a. tak aur 5° 25' p.de. se 10° 31' p.de. vistrit hai.

dharatal-is dvip ka uttari evan dakshini bhag paha di hai, madhy mean ek chau da nichala maidan hai. parvatamalaoan ka kram ghatiyoan, nichale maidanoan tatha nichi bhoomi ke karan sthan-sthan par toot gaya hai. at: dvip ka dharatal bhinn-bhinn bhaugolik ikaiyoan mean vibhajit hai, jinaki bhooroopata mean vibhinnata milana svabhavik hai.

himakalin yug mean kuchh ooanche paha di sthaloan ko chho dakar sanpoorn ayaralaiand barph se dhaka tha, at: sadharanataya dhoanke mishrit chikani mitti (boldar kle), him-nadi-janit bajari (gleshiyal graivel) adi madhy ke maidan mean har sthan par milati haian. paha doan ke charoan aur himodh (moreans) milate haian. is prakar samudratal se 1,200 phut tak ki do tihaee bhoomi himanad (gleshyir) dvara nirmit hai.

madhy ka maidan chunahe patthar (laimaston) ka bana hua hai; yah itana nicha tatha samatal hai ki sthan sthan par jalatal (vatar tebul) dharatal tak pahuanch jata hai; phalasvaroop anek b di b di jhilean nirmit ho gee haian. kabhi kabhi in jhiloan ka jalabhaandar itana adhik ho jata hai ki asapas ki kee ek jhilean milakar nikatavarti maidani bhag ko dhank leti haian. sadharanataya ayaralaiand ka bhag jalamagn rahata hai jisamean s di ghas ke daladal milate haian. ausat roop mean ayaralaiand ke kshetraphal mean pit milata hai. paha doan par to pit har ek sthal par milata hai. ayaralaiand jaise vrikshavihin evan koyalavihin desh ke lie pit atyant avashyak vastu haian. har ek ghar mean isaka upayog eedhan ke roop mean hota hai.

jalavayu-yahaan ki jalavayu pashchimi yooropiy prakar ki hai; samudr ke prabhav ke karan ja de evan garmi ke tap mean bahut aantar nahian hota. udaharanasvaroop varleshiya ka tap janavari mean 44.3° pha. tatha joon mean 59° pha. ke lagabhag rahata hai. varsha varshabhar hoti hai, ooanche paha doan par 80" tak tatha maidanoan mean 30" se 40" tak.

udyam evan utpadan-prakriti ne ayaralaiand ko pashupalan ke lie adhik upayukt banaya hai, at: 18vian shatabdi ke praranbh se hi is desh ne krishi ki apeksha pashupalan ko adhik mahatv diya. yahi karan hai ki krishi bhoomi ki apeksha charagahoan ka kshetraphal adhik hai. jotavali bhoomi ka kshetraphal 30,95,770 ek d se 12,47,865 ek d gir gaya tatha charagah ka kshetraphal 87,52,565 ek d se 1,24,59,752 ek d badh gaya. isi prakar 1841 ee. mean pashuoan ki sankhya prati hajar manushy pichhe 225 thian; 1947 ee. mean yah sankhya 1,154 tak pahuanch gee. 1968-69 mean kul pashuoan ki sankhya is prakar thi-dudharu gaean 2,10,000; maans ke lie gaean 2,20,000; prajanan ke lie suari 1,19,000; kul suaroan ki sankhya 10,87,000; tatha kul murge murgi 1,31,95,000. phasaloan mean jee evan aloo mukhy haian. jee ki kheti gho doan ko khilane ke nimit pratyek kisan karata hai. aloo yahaan ki mukhy khady vastu hai. jau tatha phlaiks (sanee ki tarah ka paudha) simit kshetroan mean hi boe jate haian.

gramin jivan-ayaralaiand sadaiv se chhote-chhote krishakoan ka desh raha hai. yadyapi khetoan ki nap ko badhane ka bar bar prayatn hua hai, tathapi aj bhi do tihaee khetoan ka kshetraphal 30 ek d se adhik nahian hai. anek logoan ka videsh jakar jivananirvah karana avashyak ho jata hai; 19vian shatabdi mean lakhoan vyakti prati varsh desh chho date the. ab pravasi vyaktiyoan ki sankhya apekshakrit kam ho gee. at: ayaralaiand ki samasya janasankhya ki vriddhi nahian, has hai.

nagarik jivan-gramin kshetroan mean jivananirvah ke sadhanoan ki kami ke karan adhikatar janata samudratat ke b de b de nagaroan tatha bandaragahoan mean nivas karati hai. ayaralaiand ke chhah b de nagaroan dabalin (janasankhya 5,68,772), belaphast (janasankhya 3,98,405), kark (janasankhya) 1,22,146), limarik (janasankhya 55,912), landanaderi (janasankhya 55,694) tatha vataraphord (janasankhya 29,842) mean desh ki panchamaansh janata nivas karati hai. bhitari bhag ke nagar akar mean pray: chhote haian aur unaki janasankhya 10,000 se adhik nahian hai.

vyapar-ayaralaiand ka vyaparik jivan british dvipasamooh se adhik sanbaddh hai. yahaan ki rashtriy sanpatti aangreji bajar ke chadhav utar ke anusar badhati ghatati hai. ayaralaiand gret briten ko pashu tatha unase utpann vastuean-makkhan, panir, sanghanit dugdh, aande, aloo, sooar ka maans adi bhejata hai. yahaan ke ayat mean gret briten ka karib 80 pr.sh. bhag rahata hai. vahaan se koyala, kap da, ata, khad tatha mashinean adi ati haian.

airish phri stet evan uttari ayaralaiand-ayaralaiand rajanitik evan arthik drishti se gret briten ka ek avichchhinn bhag tha, parantu sadiyoan se chalate hue rashtriy aandolan ke phalasvaroop 1921 ee. mean airish phri stet ka janm hua jisaki rajadhani dabalin (janasankhya 1966 mean 5,68,772) hai. airish phri stet ka vartaman kshetraphal 26,600 varg mil tatha janasankhya 28,84,002 (1966) hai. uttari ayaralaiand ka uttari poorvi bhag (kshetraphal 5,238) varg mil; janasankhya 14,84,775 (1966) ab bhi gret briten ka rajanitik aang hai. belafast isaki rajadhani hai. ayaralaiand ke rashtriy aandolan ke pichhai dharmik bhavana mukhy thi. yahaan ke adhikaansh log (93.4 pr.sh.) roman kaitholik haian. uttari ayaralaiand ke kuchh bhagoan mean bhi kaitholikoan ki sankhya adhik hai. in bhagoan ko bhi phri stet apani sima ke aantargat milane ki maang karati hai. yahaan 1969 mean pashuoan ki sankhya is prakar thi-dhor 56,90,000; bhe d (oonavali) 40,06,200; bhe d (doodhavali) 11,15,500; gho de 1,24,900 tatha murge murgi 1,03,34,600.

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