आयुर्वेद

• parampara ke anusar ayurved ek upaved hai tatha dharm aur darshan se isaka abhinn sambandh hai .
• charanavyooh ke anusar yah rrigved ka upaved hai parantu sushrutadi ayurved granthoan ke anusar yah atharvaved ka upaved hai .
• sushrut ke mat se 'jisamean ya jisake dvara ayu prapt ho, ayu jani jay usako ayurved kahate haian.'
• bhavamishr ne bhi aisa hi likha hai .
• charak mean likha hai--'yadi koee poochhane vala prashn kare ki rrik, sam, yaju, atharv in charoan vedoan mean kis ved ka avalamb lekar ayurved ke vidvanh upadesh karate haian, to unase chikitsak charoan mean atharvaved ke prati adhik bhakti prakat karega . kyoanki svastyayan, bali, magnl, hom, niyam, prayashchitt, upavas aur mantradi atharvaved se lekar hi ve chikitsa ka upadesh karate haian .
• sushrut mean likha hai ki brahma ne pahale-pahal ek lakh shlokoan ka 'ayurved shasr' banaya , jisamean ek sahastr adhyay the . unase prajapati ne padha . prajapati se ashvinikumaroan ne aur ashvinikumaroan se indr ne, indradev se dhanvantari ne aur dhanvantari se sunakar sushrut muni ne ayurved ki rachana ki .
• brahma ne ayurved ko ath bhagoan mean baantakar pratyek bhag ka nam tantr rakha . ye ath bhag nimnalikhit haian :

1. shaly tantr,
2. shalaky tantr,
3. kay chikitsa tantr,
4. bhoot vidya tantr,
5. kaumarabhrity tantr,
6. agad tantr,
7. rasayan tantr aur
8. vajikaran tantr .

• is ashtagn ayurved ke antargat dehatattv, sharir vijnan, shastravidya, bheshaj aur dravy gun tattv, chikitsa tattv aur dhatri vidya bhi hai . isake atirikt usamean sadrish chikitsa (homyopaithi),

virodhi chikitsa (elopaithi) aur jalachikitsa (haidro paithi) adi ajakal ke abhinav chikitsa pranaliyoan ke vidhan bhi paye jate haian .

ayurved aur ayurvijnan donoan hi chikitsashastr haian, parantu vyavahar mean prachin bharatiy dhang ko ayurved kahate haian aur ailopaithik (janata ki bhasha mean 'daktari') pranali ko ayurvijnan ka nam diya jata hai. ayurved ka arth prachin acharyoan ki vyakhya aur isamean ae hue 'ayu' aur 'ved' in do shabdoan ke arthoan ke anusar bahut vyapak hai. ayurved ke acharyoan ne 'sharir, iandriy, man tatha atma ke sanyog' ko ayu kaha hai. arthath‌ jab tak in charoan sanpatti (sadguny) ya vipatti (vaiguny) ke anusar ayu ke anek bhed hote haian, kiantu sankshep mean prabhavabhed se ise char prakar ka mana gaya hai: (1) sukhayu: kisi prakar ke shiririk ya manasik vikas se rahit hote hue, jnan, vijnan, bal, paurush, dhanri dhany, yash, parijan adi sadhanoan se samriddh vyakti ko 'sukhayu' kahate haian. (2) isake viparit samast sadhanoan se yukt hote hue bhi, sharirik ya manasik rog se pi dit athava nirog hote hue bhi sadhanahin ya svasthy aur sadhan donoan se hin vyakti ko 'du:khayu' kahate haian. (3) hitayu: svasthy aur sadhanoan se sanpann hote hue ya unamean kuchh kami hone par bhi jo vyakti vivek, sadachar, sushilata, udarata, saty, ahiansa, shaanti, paropakar adi adi gunoan se yukt hote haian aur samaj tatha lok ke kalyan mean nirat rahate haian unhean hitayu kahate haian. (4) isake viparit jo vyakti avivek, durachar, kroorata, svarth, danbh, atyachar adi durgunoan se yukt aur samaj tatha lok ke lie abhishap hote haian unhean ahitayu kahate haian. is prakar hit, ahit, sukh aur du:kh, ayu ke ye char bhed haian. isi prakar kalapraman ke anusar bhi dirghayu, madhyayu aur alpayu, sankshep mean ye tin bhed hote haian. vaise in tinoan mean bhi anek bhedoan ki kalpana ki ja sakati hai.

'ved' shabd ke bhi satta, labh, gati, vichar, prapti aur jnan ke sadhan, ye arth hote haian, aur ayu ke ved ko ayurved (n aaulej aauv sayans aauv laif) kahate haian. arthath‌ jis shastr mean ayu ke svaroop, ayu ke vividh bhed, ayu ke lie hitakarak aur apraman tatha unake jnan ke sadhanoan ka evan ayu ke upadanabhoot sharir, iandriy, man, aur atma, inamean sabhi ya kisi ek ke vikas ke sath hit, sukh aur dirgh ayu ki prapti ke sadhanoan ka tatha inake badhak vishayoan ke nirakaran ke upayoan ka vivachen ho use ayurved kahate haian. kiantu ajakal ayurved 'prachin bharatiy chikitsapaddhati' is sankuchit arth mean prayukt hota hai.

prayojan ya uddeshy-ayurved ke do uddeshy hote haian:

(1) svasth vyaktiyoan ke svasthy ki raksha karana. isake lie apane sharir aur prakriti ke anukool desh, kal adi ka vichar karana niyamit ahar-vihar, cheshta, vyayam, shauch, snan, shayan, jagaran adi grihasth jivan ke lie upayogi shastrokt dinacharya, ratricharya evan rritucharya ka palan karana, sankatamay karyoan se bachana, pratyek kary vivekapoorvak karana, man aur iandriy ko niyantrit rakhana, desh, kal adi paristhitiyoan ke anusar apane apane sharir adi ki shakti aur ashakti ka vichar kar koee kary karana, mal, mootr adi ke upasthit vegoan ko n rokana, eershya, dvesh, lobh, ahankar adi se bachana, samay-samay par sharir mean sanchit doshoan ko nikalane ke lie vaman, virechan adi ke prayogoan se sharir ki shuddhi karana, sadachar ka palan karana aur dooshit vayu, jal, desh aur kal ke prabhav se utpann mahamariyoan (janapadoddhvansaniy vyadhiyoan, epidemik dizizez) mean vijn chikitsakoan ke upadeshoan ka samuchit roop se palan karana, svachchh aur vishodhit jal, vayu, ahar adi ka sevan karana aur doosaroan ko bhi isake lie prerit karana, ye svasthyaraksha ke sadhan haian.

(2) rogi vyaktiyoan ke vikaroan ko door kar unhean svasth banana. isake lie pratyek rog ke hetu (karan), liang-rogaparichayak vishay, jaise poorvaroop, roop (saians aiand sianptams), sanprapti (paithojenisis) tatha upashayanupashay (thirapyutikatests)-aur aushadh ka jnan paramavashyak hai. ye tinoan ayurved ke 'triskandh' (tin pradhan shakhaean) kahalati haian. isaka vistrit vivechan ayurved granthoan mean kiya gaya hai. yahaan keval sankshipt parichay matr diya jaega. kiantu isake poorv ayu ke pratyek sanghatak ka sankshipt parichay avashyak hai, kyoanki sanghatakoan ke jnan ke bina unamean honevale vikaroan ko janana sanbhav n hoga.

sharir-samast cheshtaoan, iandriyoan, man or atma ke adharabhoot paanchabhautik piand ki sharir kahate haian. manav sharir ke sthool roop mean chhah aang haian; do hath, do pair, shir aur griva ek tatha aantaradhi (madhyasharir) ek. in aangoan ke avayavoan ko pratyang kahate haian,-moordha (hed), lalat, bhroo, nasika, akshikoot (aaurbit), akshigolak (aib aaul), varts (palak), pakshm (baruni), karn (kan), karnaputrak (traigas), shashkuli aur pali (pinn aiand lob aauv iyars), shankh (mathe ke parshv, teanpuls), gand (gal), oshth (hoanth), srikkani (mukh ke kone), chibuk (thuddi), dantavesht (masoo de), jihva (jibh), talu, upajihkai (taansils), galashuandika (yuvula), gojihvika (epigl aautis), griva (garadan), avatuka (lairiangz), kandhara (kandha), kaksha (eksila), jatru (hansuli, kalar), vaksh (thoreks), stan, parshv (bagal), udar (beli), nabhi, kukshi (kokh), bastishir (gr aauyan), prishth (pith), kati (kamar), shroni (pelvis), nitanb, guda, shishn ya bhag, vrishan (testiz), bhuj, koorpar (kehuni), bahupiandika ya aratni (forarm), manibandh (kalaee), hast (hatheli), aanguliyaan aur aangushth, ooru (jaangh), janu (ghutana), jangha (taang, leg), gulph (takhana), prapad (phut), padaanguli, aangushth aur padatal (talava),. inake atirikt hriday, phuphphus (langs), yakrit (livar), pliha (splin), amashay (stamak), pittashay (gal blaidar), vrikk (gurda, kidani), vasti (yoorinari blaidar), kshudraant (sm aaul iantestin), sthoolaantr (larj iantestin), vapavahan (meseanteri), purishadhar, uttar aur adharagud (rektam), ye koshthaang haian aur sir mean sabhi iandriyoan aur pranoan ke keandroan ka ashray mastishk (bren)hai.

ayurved ke anusar sare sharir mean 300 asthiyaan haian, jinhean ajakal keval ganana-kram-bhed ke karan do sau chhah (206) manate haian tatha sandhiyaan (jvaiants) 200, snayu (liangameants) 900, shiraean (blad vesels, lifaitiks aiand narbz) 700, dhamaniyaan (kreniyal narbz) 24 aur unaki shakhaean 200, peshiyaan (masals) 500 (striyoan mean 20 adhik) tatha sookshm strot 30,956 haian.

ayurved ke anusar sharir mean ras (bail aiand plajma), rakt, maans, med (fait), asthi, majja (bon mairo) aur shukr (simen), ye sat dhatuean haian. nityaprati svabhavat: vividh karyoan mean upayog hone se inaka kshay bhi hota rahata hai, kiantu bhojan aur pan ke roop mean ham jo vividh padarth lete rahate haian unase n keval is kshati ki poorti hoti hai, varanh‌ dhatuoan ki pushti bhi hoti rahati hai. ahararoop mean liya hua padarth pachakagni, bhootagni aur vibhinn dhatvanignayoan dvara paripakv hokar anek parivartanoan ke bad poorvokt dhatuoan ke roop mean parinat hokar in dhatuoan ka poshan karata hai. is pachanakriya mean ahar ka jo sar bhag hota hai usase ras dhatu ka poshan hota hai aur jo kitt bhag bachata hai usase mal (vishtha) aur mootr banata hai. yah ras hriday se hota hua shiraoan dvara sare sharir mean pahuanchakar pratyek dhatu aur aang ko poshan pradan karata hai. dhatvagniyoan se pachan hone par ras adi dhatu ke sar bhag se rakt adi dhatuoan evan sharir ka bhi poshan hota hai tatha kitt bhag se maloan ki utpatti hoti hai, jaise ras se kaph; rakt pitt; maans se nak, kan aur netr adi ke dvara bahar anevale mal; med se sved (pasina); asthi se kesh tatha lom (sir ke aur dadhi, mooanchh adi ke bal) aur majja se aankh ka kich d malaroop mean banate haian. shukr mean koee mal nahian hota, usake sare bhag se oj (bal) ki utpatti hoti hai.

inhian rasadi dhatuoan se anek upadhatuoan ki bhi utpatti hoti hai, yatha ras se doodh, rakt se kandaraean (teandans) aur shiraean, maans se vasa (fait), tvacha aur usake chhah ya sat star (parat), med se snayu (liangameants), asthi se daant, majja se kesh aur shukr se oj namak upadhatuoan ki utpatti hoti hai.

ye dhatuean aur upadhatuean vibhinn avayavoan mean vibhinn roopoan mean sthit hokar sharir ki vibhinn kriyaoan mean upayogi hoti haian. jab tak ye uchit pariman aur svaroop mean rahati haian aur inaki kriya svabhavik rahati hai tab tak sharir svasth rahata hai aur jab ye nyoon ya adhik matra mean tatha vikrit svaroop mean hoti haian to sharir mean rog ki utpatti hoti hai.

prachin darshanik sianddhaant ke anusar sansar ke sabhi sthool padarth prithvi, jal, tej, vayu aur akash in paanch mahabhootoan ke sanyukt hone se banate haian. inake anupat mean bhed hone se hi unake bhinn-bhinn roop hote haian. isi prakar sharir ke samast dhatu, upadhatu aur mal paanchabhautik haian. parinamat: sharir ke samast avayav aur atat: sara sharir paanchabhautik hai. ye sabhi achetan haian. jab inamean atma ka sanyog hota hai tab usaki chetanata mean inamean bhi chetana ati hai.

uchit paristhiti mean shuddh raj aur shuddh viry ka sanyog hone aur usamean atma ka sanchar hone se mata ke garbhashay mean sharir ka aranbh hota hai. ise hi garbh kahate haian. mata ke aharajanit rakt se apara (plaiseanta) aur garbhana di ke dvara, jo nabhi se lagi rahati hai, garbh poshan prapt karata hai. yah garbhodak mean nimagn rahakar upasnehan dvara bhi poshan prapt karata hai tatha pratham mas mean kalal (jeli) aur dvitiy mean ghan hota hai? tisare mas mean aang pratyang ka vikas aranbh hota hai. chauthe mas mean usamean adhik sthirata a jati hai tatha garbh ke lakshan mata mean spasht roop se dikhaee p dane lagate haian. is prakar yah mata ki kukshi mean uttarottar vikasit hota hua jab sanpoorn aang, pratyang aur avayavoan se yukt ho jata hai, tab pray: navean mas mean kukshi se bahar akar navin prani ke roop mean janm grahan karata hai.

iandriy-sharir mean pratyek aang ya kisi bhi avayav ka nirman uddeshyavishesh se hi hota hai, arthath‌ pratyek avayav ke dvara vishisht karyoan ki siddhi hoti hai, jaise hath se pak dana, pair se chalana, mukh se khana, daant se chabana adi. kuchh avayav aise bhi haian jinase kee kary hote haian aur kuchh aise haian jinase ek vishesh kary hi hota hai. jinase karyavishesh hi hota hai unamean us kary ke lie shaktisanpann ek vishisht sookshm rachana hoti hai. isi ko iandriy kahate haian. shabd, sparsh, roop, ras aur gandh in bahy vishayoan ka jnan prapt karane ke lie kramanusar kan, tvacha, netr, jihva aur nasika ye avayav iandriyashray avayav (vishesh iandriyoan ke aang) kahalate haian aur inamean sthit vishisht shaktisanpann sookshm vastu ko iandriy kahate haian. ye kramash: paanch haian-shrotr, tvakh‌, chakshu, rasana aur hghraan. in sookshm avayavoan mean panchamahabhootoan mean se us mahabhoot ki visheshata rahati hai jisake shabd (dhvani) adi vishisht gun haian; jaise shabd ke lie shrotr iandriy mean akash, sparsh ke lie tvakh‌ iandriy mean vayu, roop ke lie chakshu iandriy mean tej, ras ke lie rasaneandriy mean jal aur gandh ke lie hghraaneandriy mean prithvi tatv. in paanchoan iandriyoan ko jnaneandriy kahate haian. inake atirikt vishisht karyasanpadan ke lie paanch kameandriyaan bhi hoti haian, jaise gaman ke lie pair, grahan ke lie hath, bolane ke lie jihva (gojihva), malatyag ke lie guda aur mootratyag tatha santanotpadan ke lie shishn (striyoan mean bhag). ayurved darshanikoan ki bhaanti iandriyoan ko ahankarik nahian, apitu bhautik manata hai. in iandriyoan ki apane karyoan man ki prerana se hi pravritti hoti hai. man se sanpark n hone par ye nishkriy rahati hai.

man-pratyek prani ke sharir mean atyant sookshm aur keval ek man hota hai. yah atyant drutagati vala aur pratyek iandriy ka niyantrak hota hai. kiantu yah svayan bhi atma ke sanpark ke bina achetan hone se nishkriy rahata hai. pratyek vyakti ke man mean satv, raj aur tam, ye tinoan prakritik gun hote hue bhi inamean se kisi ek ki samanyat: prabalata rahati hai aur usi ke anusar vyakti satvik, rajas ya tamas hota hai, kiantu samay-samay par ahar, achar evan paristhitiyoan ke prabhav se dasare gunoan ka bhi prabaly ho jata hai. isaka jnan pravrittiyoan ke lakshanoan dvara hota hai, yatha rag-dvesh-shoony yatharthadrashta man satvik, ragayukt, sachesht aur chanchal man rajas aur alasy, dirghasootrata evan nishkriyata adi yukt man tamas hota hai. isilie satvik man ko shuddh, satv ya prakritik mana jata hai aur raj tatha tam usake dosh kahe ge haian. atma se chetanata prapt kar prakritik ya sadosh man apane gunoan ke anusar iandriyoan ko apane-apane vishayoan mean pravritt karata hai aur usi ke anuroop sharirik kary hote haian. atma man ke dvara hi iandriyoan aur shariravayavoan ko pravritt karata hai, kyoanki man hi usaka karan (ianstrumeant) hai. isilie man ka sanpark jis iandriy ke sath hota hai usi ke dvara jnan hota hai, doosare ke dvara nahian. kyoanki man ek or sookshm hota hai, at: ek sath usaka anek iandriyoan ke sath sanpark sabhav nahian hai. phir bhi usaki gati itani tivr hai ki vah ek ke bad doosari iandriy ke sanpark mean shighrata se parivartit hota hai, jisase hamean yahi jnat hota hai ki sabhi ke sath usaka sanpark hai aur sab kary ek sath ho rahe haian, kiantu vastav mean aisa nahian hota.

atma-atma panchamahabhoot aur man se bhinn, chetanavanh‌, nirvikar aur nity hai tatha sakshi svaroop hai, kyoanki svayan nirvikar tatha nishkriyashh hai. isake sanpark se sakriy kiantu achetan man, iandriyoan aur sharir mean chetana ka sanchar hotashh hai aur ve sachesht hote haian. atma mean roop, rang, akriti adi koee chihn nahian hai, kiantu usake bina sharir achetan hone ke karan nishchesht p da rahata hai aur mrit kahalata hai tatha usake sanpark se hi usamean chetana ati hai tab use jivit kaha jata hai aur usamean anek svabhavik kriyaean hone lagati haian; jaise shvasochchhh‌vas, chhote se b da hona aur kate hue ghav bharana adi, palakoan ka khulana aur band hona, jivan ke lakshan, man ki gati, ek iandriy se hue jnan ka doosari iandriy par prabhav hona (jaise aankh se kisi suandar, madhur phal ko dekhakar muananh mean pani ana), vibhinn iandriyoan aur avayavoan ko vibhann karyoan mean pravritt karana, vishayoan ka grahan aur dharan karana, svapn mean ek sthan se doosare sthan tak pahuanchana, ek aankh se dekhi vastu ka doosari aankh se bhi anubhav karana. ichchha, dvesh, sukh, du:kh, prayatn, dhairy, buddhi, smaran shakti, ahankar adi sharir mean atma ke hone par hi hote haian; atmarahit mrit sharir mean nahian hote. at: ye atma ke lakshan kahe jate haian, arthath‌ atma ka poorvokt lakshanoan se anuman matr kiya ja sakata hai. manasik kalpana ke atirikt kisi doosari iandriy se usaka pratyaksh karana sanbhav nahian hai.

yah atma nity, nirvikar aur vyapak hote hue bhi poorvakrit shubh ya ashubh karm ke parinamasvaroop jaisi yoni mean ya sharir mean, jis prakar ke man aur iandriyoan tatha vishayoan ke sanpark mean ati hai vaise hi kary hote haian. uttarottar ashubh karyoan ke karane se uttarottar adhogati hoti hai tatha shubh karmoan ke dvara uttarottar unnati hone se, man ke rag-dvesh-hin hone par, moksh ki prapti hoti hai.

is vivaran se spasht ho jata hai ki atma to nirvikar hai, kiantu man, iandriy aur sharir mean vikriti ho sakati hai aur in tinoan ke paraspar sapekshy hone ke karan ek ka vikar doosare ko prabhavit kar sakata hai. at: inhean prakritisth rakhana ya vikrit hone par prakriti mean lana ya svasth karana paramavashyak hai. isase dirgh sukh aur hitayu ki prapti hoti hai, jisase kramash: atma ko bhi usake ekamatr, kiantu bhishan, janm mrityu aur bhavabandhanaroop rog se mukti pane mean sahayata milati hai, jo ayurved mean naitishthaki chikitsa kahi gee hai.

rog aur svasthy-charak ne sankshep mean rog aur arogy ka lakshan yah likha hai ki vat, pitt aur kaph in tinoan doshoan ka sam matra (uchit praman) mean hona hi arogy aur inamean vishamata hona hi rog hai. sushrut ne svasth vyakti ka lakshan vistar se diya hai: jisase sabhi dosh sam matra mean hoan, agni sam ho, dhatu, mal aur unaki kriyaean bhi sam (uchit roop mean) hoan tatha jisaki atma, iandriy aur man prasann (shuddh) hoan use svasth samajhana chahie. isake viparit lakshan hoan to asvasth samajhana chahie. rog ko vikriti ya vikar bhi kahate haian. at: sharir, iandriy aur man ke prakritik (svabhavik) roop ya kriya mean vikriti hona rog hai.

rogoan ke hetu ya karan (itiy aauloji)-sansar ki sabhi vastuean sakshath‌ ya paranpara se sharir, iandriyoan aur man par kisi n kisi prakar ka nishchit prabhav dalati haian aur anuchit ya pratikool prabhav se inamean vikar utpann kar rogoan ka karan hoti haian. in sabaka vistrit vivechan kathin hai, at: sankshep mean inhean tin vargoan mean baant diya gaya hai: (1) prajnaparadh: avivek (dhibhransh), adhirata (dhritibhransh) tatha poorv anubhav aur vastavikata ki upeksha (smritibhransh) ke karan labh hani ka vichar kie bina hi kisi vishay ka sevan ya janate hue bhi anuchit vastu ka sevan karana. isi ko doosare aur spasht shabdoan mean karm (sharirik, vachik aur manasik cheshtaean) ka hin, mithya aur ati yog bhi kahate haian. (2) asatmyeandriyarthasanyog: chakshu adi iandriyoan ka apane-apane roop adi vishayoan ke sath asatmy (pratikool, hin, mithya aur ati) sanyog iandriyoan, sharir aur man ke vikar ka karan hota hai; yatha aankh se bilakul n dekhana (ayog), ati tejasvi vastuoan ka dekhana aur bahut adhik dekhana (atiyog) tatha atisookshm, sankirn, ati door mean sthit tatha bhayanak, bibhats, evan vikritaroop vastuoan ko dekhana (mithyarog). ye chakshuriandriy aur usake ashray netroan ke sath man aur sharir mean bhi vikar utpann karate haian. isi ko doosare shabdoan mean arth ka duryog bhi kahate haian. grishm, varsha, shit adi rrituoan tatha baly, yuva aur vriddhavasthaoan ka bhi sharir adi par prabhav p data hi hai, kiantu inake hin, mithya aur atiyog ka prabhav vishesh roop se hanikar hota hai.

poorvokt karanoan ke prakaraantar se any bhed bhi hote haian; yatha (1) viprakrisht karan (rimot k aauz), jo sharir mean doshoan ka sanchay karata rahata hai aur anukool samay par rog ko utpann karata hai, (2) sannikrisht karan (immidiet k aauz), jo rog ka tatkalik karan hota hai, (3) vyabhichari karan (ab aaurtiv k aauz) jo paristhitivash rog ko utpann karata hai aur nahian bhi karata tatha (4) pradhanik karan (spesifik k aauz), jo tatkal kisi dhatu ya avayavavishesh par prabhav dalakar nishchit lakshanoanvale vikar ko utpann karata hai, jaise vibhinn sthavar aur jaantav vish.

prakaraantar se inake any do bhed hote haian-(1) utpadak (pridispoziang), jo sharir mean rogavishesh ki utpatti ke anukool parivartan kar deta hai; (2) vyanjak (eksaitiang), jo pahale se roganukool sharir mean tatkal vikaroan ko vyakt karata hai.

sharir par in sabhi karanoan ke tin prakar ke prabhav hote haian:

(1) doshaprakop-anek karanoan se sharir ke upadanabhoot akash adi paanch tatvoan mean se kisi ek ya anek mean parivartan hokar unake svabhavik anupat mean aantar a jana anivary hai. isi ko dhyan mean rakhakar ayurvedacharyoanshh ne in vikaroan ko vat, pitt aur kaph in vargoan mean vibhakt kiya hai. panchamahabhoot evan tridosh ka alag se vivechan hi uchit hai, kiantu sankshep mean yah samajhana chahie ki sansarashh ke jitane bhi moort (maitirayal) padarth haian ve sab akash, vayu, tej, jal aur prithvi in paanch tatvoan se bane haian.

ye prithvi adi ve hi nahian hai jo hamean nityaprati sthool jagath‌ mean dekhane ko milate haian. ye pichhale sab to poorvokt paanchoan tatvoan ke sanyog se utpann paanchabhautik haian. vastuoan mean jin tatvoan ki bahulata hoti hai ve unhian namoan se varnit ki jati haian. usi prakar hamare sharir ki dhatuoan mean ya unake sanghatakoan mean jis tatv ki bahulata rahati hai ve usi shreni ke gine jate haian. in paanchoan mean akash to nirvikar hai tatha prithvi sabase sthool aur sabhi ka ashray hai. jo kuchh bhi vikas ya parivartan hote haian unaka prabhav isi par spasht roop se p data hai. shesh tin (vayu, tej aur jal) sab prakar ke parivartan ya vikar utpann karane mean samarth hote haian. at: tinoan ki prachurata ke adhar par, vibhinn dhatuoan evan unake sanghatakoan ko vat, pitt aur kaph ki sanjna di gee hai. samany roop se ye tinoan dhatuean sharir ki poshak hone ke karan vikrit hone par any dhatuoan ko bhi dooshit karati haian. at: dosh tatha mal roop hone se mal kahalati haian. rog mean kisi bhi karan se inhian tinoan ki nyoonata ya adhikata hoti hai, jise doshaprakop kahate haian.

(2) dhatudooshan-kuchh padarth ya karan aise hote haian jo kisi vishisht dhatu ya avayav mean hi vikar karate haian. inaka prabhav sare sharir par nahian hota. inhean dhatupradooshak kahate haian.

(3) ubhayahetu-ve padarth jo sare sharir mean vat adi doshoan ko kupit karate hue bhi kisi dhatu ya aang vishesh mean hi vishesh vikar utpann karate haian, ubhayahetu kahalate haian. kiantu in tinoan mean jo parivartan hote haian ve vat, pitt ya kaph in tinoan mean se kisi ek, do ya tinoan mean hi vikar utpann karate haian. at: ye hi tinoan dosh pradhan shariragat karan hote haian, kyoanki inake svabhavik anupat mean parivartan hone se sharir ki dhatuoan adi mean bhi vikriti hoti hai. rachana mean vikar hone se kriya mean bhi vikar hona svabhavik hai. is asvabhavik rachana aur kriya ke parinamasvaroop atisar, kas adi lakshan utpann hote haian aur in lakshanoan ke samooh ko hi rog kahate haian.

is prakar jin padarthoan ke prabhav se vat adi doshoan mean vikritiyaan hoti haian tatha ve vatadi dosh, jo sharirik dhatuoan ko vikrit karate haian, donoan hi hetu (karan) ya nidan (adikaran) kahalate haian. aantat: inake do any mahatvapoorn bhedoan ka vichar apekshit hai: (1) nij (idiyopaithik)-jab poorvokt karanoan se kramash: shariragat vatadi dosh mean, aur unake dvara dhatuoan mean, vikar utpann hote haian to unako nij hetu ya nij rog kahate haian. (2) agantuk (aiksideantal)-chot lagana, ag se jalana, vidyutprabhav, saanp adi vishaile jivoan ke katane ya vishaprayog se jab ekaek vikar utpann hote haian to unamean bhi vatadi doshoan ka vikar hote hue bhi, karan ki bhinnata aur prabalata se, ve karan aur unase utpann rog agantuk kahalate haian.

liang (jizans)-poorvokt karanoan se utpann vikaroan ki pahachan jin sadhanoan dvara hoti hai unhean liang kahate haian. isake char bhed haian: poorvaroop, roop, sanprapti aur upashay.

poorvaroop-kisi rog ke vyakt hone ke poorv sharir ke bhitar huee atyalp ya aranbhik vikriti ke karan jo lakshan utpann hokar kisi rogavishesh ki utpatti ki sanbhavana prakat karate haian unhean poorvaroop (prodameta) kahate haian.

roop (saians aiand sianptams)-jin lakshanoan se rog ya vikriti ka spasht parichay milata hai unhean roop kahate haian.

sanprapti (paithojenesis): kis karan se kaun sa dosh svatantr roop mean ya paratantr roop mean, akele ya doosare ke sath, kitane aansh mean aur kitani matra mean prakupit hokar, kis dhatu ya kis aang mean, kis-kis svaroopashh ka vikar utpann karata hai, isake nirdharan ko sanprapti kahate haian. chikitsa mean isi ki mahatvapoorn upayogita hai. vastut: in parivartanoan se hi jvaradi roop mean rog utpann hote haian, at: inhean hi vastav mean rog bhi kaha ja sakata hai aur inhian parivartanoan ko dhyan mean rakhakar ki gee chikitsa bhi saphal hoti hai.

upashay aur anupashay (therapyootik test)-jab alpata ya sankirnata adi ke karan rogoan ke vastavik karanoan ya svaroopoan ka nirnay karane mean sandeh hota hai, tab us sandeh ke nirakaran ke lie sanbhavit doshoan ya vikaroan mean se kisi ek ke vikar se upayukt ahar vihar aur aushadh ka prayog karane par jisase labh hota hai use upachay ke vivechan mean ayurvedacharyo ne chhah prakar se ahar vihar aur aushadh ke prayogoan ka sootr batalate hue upashay ke 18 bhedoan ka varnan kiya hai. ye sootr itane mahatv ke haian ki inamean se ek-ek ke adhar par ek-ek chikitsapaddhati ka uday ho gaya hai; jaise, (1) hetu ke viparit ahar vihar ya aushadh ka prayog karana. (2) vyadhi, vedana ya lakshanoan ke viparit ahar vihar ya aushadh ka prayog karana. svayan ailopaithi ki sthapana isi paddhati par huee thi (ailoz (viparit)apaithoz (vedana) u ailopaithi). (3) hetu aur vyadhi, donoan ke viparit ahar vihar aur aushadh ka prayog karana. (4) hetuviparitarthakari, arthath‌ rog ke karan ke saman hote hue bhi us karan ke viparit kary karanevale ahar adi ka prayog; jaise, ag se jalane par seankane ya garam vastuoan ka lep karane se us sthan par raktasanchar badhakar doshoan ka sthanaantaran hota hai tatha rakt ka jamana rukane, pak ke rukane par shaanti milati hai. (5) vyadhiviparitarthakari, arthath‌ rog ya vedana ko badhanevala pratit hote hue bhi vyadhi ke viparit kary karanevale ahar adi ka prayog (homiyapaithi se tulana karean: homiyo (saman)apaithoz (vedana) u homiyopaithi). (6) ubhayaviritarthakari, arthath‌ karan aur vedana donoan ke saman pratit hote hue bhi donoan ke viparit kary karanevale ahar vihar aur aushadh ka prayog.

upashay aur anupashay se bhi rog ki pahachan mean sahayata milati hai. at: inako bhi prachinoan ne 'liang' mean hi gina hai. hetu aur liang ke dvara rog ka jnan prapt karane par hi usaki uchit aur saphal chikitsa (aushadh) sanbhav hai. hetu aur liangoan se rog ki pariksha hoti hai, kiantu inake samuchit jnan ke lie rogi ki pariksha karani chahie. rogi pariksha ke sadhan char haian-aptopadesh, pratyaksh, anuman aur yukti.

aptopadesh-yogy adhikari, tap aur jnan se sanpann hone ke karan, shastratatvoan ko rag-dvesh-shoony buddhi se asandigdh aur yatharth roop se janate aur kahate haian. aise vidvanh‌, anusandhanashil, anubhavi, pakshapatahin aur yatharth vakta mahapurushoan ko apt (ath aauriti) aur unake vachanoan ya lekhoan ko aptopadesh kahate haian. aptajanoan ne poorn pariksha ke bad shastroan ka nirman kar unamean ek-ek ke sanbandh mean likha hai ki amuk karan se, is dosh ke prakupit hone aur is dhatu ke dooshit hone tatha is aang mean ashrit hone se, amuk lakshanoanvala amuk rog utpann hota hai, usamean amuk-amuk parivartan hote haian tatha usaki chikitsa ke lie in ahar vihar aur amuk aushadhiyoan ke is prakar upayog karane se tatha chikitsa karane se shaanti hoti hai. isalie pratham yogy aur anubhavi gurujanoan se shastr ka adhyayan karane par rog ke hetu, liang aur aushadhajnan mean pravritti hoti hai. shastravachanoan ke anusar hi lakshanoan ki pariksha pratyaksh, anuman aur yukti se ki jati hai.

pratyaksh-manoyogapoorvak iandriyoan dvara vishayoan ka anubhav prapt karane ko pratyaksh kahate haian. isake dvara rogi ke sharir ke aang pratyang mean honevale vibhinn shabdoan (dhvaniyoan) ki pariksha kar unake svabhavik ya asvabhavik hone ka jnan shrotreandriy dvara karana chahie. varn, akriti, lanbaee, chau daee adi praman tatha chhaya adi ka jnan netroan dvara, gandhoan ka jnan hghraaneandriy tatha shit, ushn, rooksh, snigdh evan na di adi ke spandan adi bhavoan ka jnan sparsheandriy dvara prapt karana chahie. rogi ke shariragat ras ki pariksha svayan apani jibh se karana uchit n hone ke karan, usake sharir ya usase nikale sved, mootr, rakt, pooy adi mean chianti lagana ya n lagana, makkhiyoan ka ana aur n ana, kaue ya kutte adi dvara khana ya n khana, pratyaksh dekhakar unake svaroop ka anuman kiya ja sakata hai.

anuman-yuktipoorvak tark (oohapah) ke dvara prapt jnan anuman (inafareans) hai. jin vishayoan ka pratyaksh nahian ho sakata ya pratyaksh hone par bhi unake sanbandh mean sandeh hota hai vahaan anuman dvara pariksha karani chahie; yatha, pachanashakti ke adhar par agnibal ka, vyayam ki shakti ke adhar par sharirik bal ka, apane vishayoan ko grahan karane ya n karane se iandriyoan ki prakriti ya vikriti ka tatha isi prakar bhojan mean ruchi, aruchi tatha pyas evan bhay, shok, krodh, ichchha, dvesh adi manasik bhavoan ke dvara vibhinn sharirik aur manasik vishayoan ka anuman karana chahie. poorvokt upashayanupashay bhi anuman ka hi vishay hai.

yukti-isaka arth hai yojana. anek karanoan ke samudayik prabhav se kisi vishisht kary ki utpatti ko dekhakar, tadanukool vicharoan se jo kalpana ki jati hai use yukti kahate haian. jaise khet, jal, jutaee, bij aur rritu ke sanyog se hi paudha ugata hai. dhuean ka ag ke sath sadaiv sanbandh rahata hai, arthath‌ jahaan dhuaan hoga vahaan ag bhi hogi. isi ko vyaptijnan bhi kahate haian aur isi ke adhar par tark kar anuman kiya jata hai. is prakar nidan, poorvaroop, roop, sanprapti aur upashay in sabhi ke samudayik vichar se rog ka nirnay yuktiyukt hota hai. yojana ka doosari drishti se bhi rogi ki pariksha mean prayog kar sakate haian. jaise kisi iandriy mean yadi koee vishay saralata se grahy n ho to any yantradi upakaranoan ki sahayata se us vishay ka grahan karana bhi yukti mean hi aantarbhoot hai.

parikshy vishay-poorvokt liangoan ke jnan ke lie tatha roganirnay ke sath sadhyata ya asadhyata ke bhi jnan ke lie aptopadesh ke anusar pratyaksh adi parikshaoan dvara rogi ke sar, tatv (disapozishan), sahanan (upachay), praman (sharir aur aang pratyang ki lanbaee, chau daee, bhar adi), satmy (abhyas adi, haibits), aharashakti, vyayamashakti tatha ayu ke atirikt varn, svar, gandh, ras aur sparsh ye vishay, shrotr, chakshu, hghraan, rasan aur spasheandriy, satv, bhakti (ruchi), shaich, shil, achar, smriti, akriti, bal, glani, tandra, aranbh (cheshta), guruta, laghuta, shitalata, ushnata, mriduta, kathiny adi gun, ahar ke gun, pachan aur matra, upay (sadhan), rog aur usake poorvaroop adi ka praman, upadrav (kaanplikeshans), chhaya (lastar), pratichchhaya, svapn (drims), rogi ko dekhane ko bulane ke lie ae doot tatha raste aur rogi ke ghar mean pravesh ke samay ke shakun aur apashakun, grahayog adi sabhi vishayoan ka prakriti (svabhavikata) tatha vikriti (asvabhavikata) ki drishti se vichar karate hue pariksha karani chahie. visheshat: na di, mal, mootr, jihva, shabd (dhvani), sparsh, netr aur akriti ki savadhani se pariksha karani chahie. ayurved mean na di ki pariksha ati mahatv ka vishay hai. keval na dipariksha se doshoan evan dooshyoan ke sath rogoan ke svaroop adi ka jnan anubhavi vaidy prapt kar leta hai.

aushadh-jin sadhanoan ke dvara rogoan ke karanabhoot doshoan evan sharirik vikritiyoan ka shaman kiya jata hai unhean aushadh kahate haian. ye pradhanat: do prakar ki hoti hai: apadravyabhoot aur dravyabhoot.

adravyabhoot aushadh vah hai jisamean kisi dravy ka upayog nahian hota, jaise upavas, vishram, sona, jagana, tahalana, vyayam adi. bahy ya abhyantar prayogoan dvara sharir mean jin bahy dravyoan (drags) ka prayog hota hai. ve dravyabhoot aushadh haian. ye dravy sankshep mean tin prakar ke hote haian: (1) jaangam (ainimal draks), jo vibhinn praniyoan ke sharir se prapt hote haian, jaise madhu, doodh, dahi, ghi, makkhan, mathh‌tha, pitt, vasa, majja, rakt, maans, purish, mootr, shukr, charm, asthi, shrriang, khur, nakh, lom adi; (2) audbhid (harbal drags), pe d paudhe adi se prapt hote haian, jaise vividh ann, phal, phool, patte, j de, chhalean, goand, danthal, svaras, doodh, bhasm, kshar, tail, kantak, koyale aur kand adi; (3) parthiv (khanij, minaral drags), jaise sona, chaandi, sisa, raanga, taanba, loha, choona, kh diya, abhrak, sankhiya, haratal, mainasil, aanjan (eantimani), geroo, namak adi.

sharir ki bhaanti ye sabhi dravy bhi paanchabhautik hote haian, inake bhi ve hi sanghatak hote haian jo sharir ke haian. at: sansar mean koee bhi dravy aisa nahian hai jisaka kisi n kisi roop mean kisi n kisi rog ke kisi n kisi avasthavishesh mean aushadharoop mean prayog n kiya ja sake. kiantu inake prayog ke poorv inake svabhavik gunadharm, sanskarajany gunadharm, prayogavidhi tatha prayogamarg ka jnan avashyak hai. inamean kuchh dravy doshoan ka shaman karate haian, kuchh dosh aur dhatu ko dooshit karate haian aur kuchh svasthvrit mean, arthath‌ dhatusamy ko sthir rakhane mean upayogi hote haian, inaki upayogita ke samuchit jnan ke lie dravyoan ke paanchabhautik sanghatakoan mean taratamy ke anusar svaroop (kanpozishan), guruta, laghuta, rookshata, snigdhata adi gun, ras (test aiand lokal aikshan), vapak (metabolik cheanjez), viry (phiziol aaujikal aikshan), prabhav (spesifik aikshan) tatha matra (doz) ka jnan avashyak hota hai.

bheshajyakalpana-sabhi dravy sadaiv apane prakritik roopoan mean sharir mean upayogi nahian hote. rog aur rogi ki avashyakata ke vichar se sharir ki dhatuoan ke lie upayogi evan satmyakaran ke anukool banane ke lie; in dravyoan ke svabhavik svaroop aur gunoan mean parivartan ke lie, vibhinn bhautik evan rasayanik sanskaroan dvara jo upay kie jate haian unhean 'kalpana' (farmesi ya farmasyutikal proses) kahate haian. jaise-svaras (joos), kalk ya choorn (pest ya paudar), shit kvath (inafyoozan), kvath (dik aaukshan), asav tatha arisht (tiankchars), tail, ghrit, avaleh adi tatha khanij dravyoan ke shodhan, jaran, maran, amritikaran, satvapatan adi.

chikitsashh (tritameant): chikitsak, parichayak, aushadh aur rogi, ye charoan milakar sharirik dhatuoan ki samata ke uddeshy se jo kuchh bhi upay ya kary karate haian use chikitsa kahate haian. yah do prakar ki hoti hai: (1) nirodhak (priveantiv) tatha (2) pratishedhak (kyoretiv); jaise sharir ke prakritisth doshoan aur dhatuoan mean vaishamy (vikar) n ho tatha samy ki paranpara nirantar bani rahe, is uddeshy se ki gee chikitsa nirodhak hai tatha jin kriyaoan ya upacharoan se visham huee sharirik dhatuoan mean samata utpann ki jati hai unhean pratishedhak chikitsa kahate haian.

pun: chikitsa tin prakar ki hoti hai: (1) satvavajay (saikol aaujikal): isamean man ko ahit vishayoan se rokana tatha harshan, ashvasan adi upay haian. (2) daivavyapashray (divain): isamean grah adi doshoan ke shamanarth tatha poorvakrit ashubh karm ke prayashchittasvaroop devaradhan, jap, havan, pooja, path, hvrat, tatha mani, mantr, yantr, ratn aur aushadhi adi ka dharan, ye upay hote haian. (3) yuktivyapashray (medisinal arthath‌ sistamik tritameant): rog aur rogi ke bal, svaroop, avastha, svasthy, satv, prakriti adi ke anusar upayukat aushadh ki uchit matra, anukool kalpana (banane ki riti) adi ka vichar kar prayukt karana. isake bhi mukhyat: tin prakar haian: aant:parimarjan, bahi:parimarjan aur shastrakarm.

aant:parimarjanashh (aushadhiyoan ka abhyantar prayog): isake bhi do mukhy prakar haian: (1) apatarpan ya shodhan ya langhan; (2) santarpan ya shaman ya brianhan (khilana). sharirik doshoan ko bahar nikalane ke upayoan ko shodhan kahate haian, usake vaman, virechan (pargetiv), vasti (niroohan), anuvasan aur uttaravasti (enimaita tatha kaithetars ka prayog), shirovirechan (snafs adi) tatha raktamokshanashh (venisekshan ya blad letiang), ye paanch upay haian.

shaman-lakshanik chikitsa (sianptomaitik tritameant): vibhinn lakshanoan ke anusar doshoan aur vikaroan ke shamanarth vishesh gunavali aushadhi ka prayog, jaise jvaranashak, chhardighn (vaman rokanevala), atisarahar (stanbhak), uddipak, pachak, hridy, kushthaghn, baly, vishaghn, kasahar, shvasahar, dahaprashamak, shitaprashamak, mootral, mootravishodhak, shukrajanak, shukravishodhak, stanyajanak, svedal, raktasthapak, vedanahar, sanjnasthapak, vay:sthapak, jivaniy, brianhaniy, lekhaniy, medaniy, rookshaniy, snaheniy adi dravyoan ka avashyakatanusar uchit kalpana aur matra mean prayog karana.

in aushadhiyoan ka prayog karate samay nimnalikhit batoan ka dhyan rakhana chahie: yah aushadhi is svabhav ki hone ke karan tatha amuk tatvoan ki pradhanata ke karan, amuk gunavali hone se, amuk prakar ke desh mean utpann aur amuk rritu mean sangrah kar, amuk prakar surakshit rahakar, amuk kalpana se, amuk matra se, is rog ki, is-is avastha mean tatha amuk prakar ke rogi ko itani matra mean dene par amuk dosh ko nikalegi ya shaant karegi. isake prabhav mean isi ke saman gunavali amuk aushadhi ka prayog kiya ja sakata hai. isamean yah yah upadrav ho sakate haian aur usake shamanarth ye upay karane chahie.

bahi:parimarjan (ekstarnal medikeshan)-jaise abhyang, snan, lep, dhoopan, svedan adi.

shastrakarm-vibhinn avasthaoan mean nimnalikhit ath prakar ke shastrakarmoan mean se koee ek ya anek karane p date haian: 1. chhedan-katakar do phaank karana ya sharir se alag karana (eksizan), 2. bhedan-chirana (iansizan), 3. lekhan-khurachana (skrepiang ya skairifikeshan), 4. vedhan-nukile shastr se chhedana (pankchariang), 5. eshan (probiang), 6. aharan-khianchakar bahar nikalana (ekstraikshan), 7. visravan-rakt, pooy adi ko chuvana (drenej), 8. sivan-sina (syoochariang ya stichiang). inake atirikt utpatan (ukha dana), kuttan (kuchakuchana, prikiang),shh manthan (mathana, driliang), dahan (jalana, k aautaraizeshan) adi upashastrakarm bhi hote haian, shastrakarm (aaupareshan) ke poorv ki taiyari ko poorvakarm kahate haian, jaise rogi ka shodhan, yantr (blant ianstrumeants), shastr (sharp ianstrumeants) tatha shastrakarm ke samay evan bad mean avashyak ruee, vastr, patti, ghrit, tel, kvath, lep adi ki taiyari aur shuddhi. vastavik shastrakarm ko pradhan karm kahate haian. shastrakarm ke bad shodhan, rohan, ropan, tvaksthapan, savarnikaran, romajanan adi upay pashchatkarm haian.

shastrasadhy tatha any anek rogoan mean kshar ya agniprayog ke dvara bhi chikitsa ki ja sakati hai. rakt nikalane ke lie joank, siangi, tuanbi, prachchhan tatha shiravedh ka prayog hota hai.

is prakar ayurved ki tin sthool shakhaoan (hetu, liang aur aushadh) ka sankshipt varnan kiya gaya hai.

manas rog (meantal dizizez)-man bhi ayu ka upadan hai. man ke poorvokt raj aur tam in do doshoan se dooshit hone par manasik santulan big dane ka iandriyoan aur sharir par bhi prabhav p data hai. sharir aur iandriyoan ke svasth hone par bhi manodosh se manushy ke jivan mean astavyastata ane se ayu ka hhras hota hai. usaki chikitsa ke lie man ke sharirashrit hone se sharirik shuddhi adi ke sath jnan, vijnan, sanyam, man:samadhi, harshan, ashvasan adi manas upachar karana chahie, man ko kshobhak ahar vihar adi se bachana chahie tatha manas-rog-visheshajnoan se upachar karana chahie.

iandriyaan-ye ayurved mean bhautik mani gee haian. ye sharirashrit tatha manoniyantrit hoti haian. at: sharir aur man ke adhar par hi inake rogoan ki chikitsa ki jati hai.

atma ko pahale hi nirvikar bataya gaya hai. usake sadhanoan (man aur iandriyoan) tatha adhar (sharir) mean vikar hone par in sabaki sanchalak atma mean vikar ka hamean abhas matr hota hai. kiantu poorvakrit ashubh karmoan parinamasvaroop atma ko bhi vividh yoniyoan mean janmagrahan adi bhavabandhanaroopi rog se bachane ke lie, isake pradhan upakaran man ko shuddh karane ke lie, satsangati, jnan, vairagy, dharmashastrachiantan, hvrat, upavas adi karana chahie. inase tatha yam niyam adi yogabhyas dvara smriti (tatvajnan) ki utpatti hone se karmasannyas dvara moksh ki prapti hoti hai. ise naishthiki chikitsa kahate haian. kyoanki sansar dvandvamay hai, jahaan sukh hai vahaan du:kh bhi hai, at: atyantik (satat) sukh to dvandvamukt hone par hi milata hai aur usi ko kahate haian moksh.shshshshshshh (y.u.)

vistrit vivechan, vishesh chikitsa tatha sugamata adi ke lie ayurved ko ath bhagoan (ashtaang vaidyak) mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai:

(1) karyachikitsa-isamean samany roop se aushadhiprayog dvara chikitsa ki jati hai. pradhanat: jvar, raktapitt, shosh, unmad, apasmar, kushth, prameh, atisar adi rogoan ki chikitsa isake aantargat ati hai. shastrakar ne isaki paribhasha is prakar ki hai-

kayachikitsanam sarvaangasanshritanaanvyadhinaan jvararaktapitt-

shoshonmadapasmarakushthamehatisaradinamupashamanarthamh‌. (su.soo. 1.3)

(2) shalyayantr-vividh prakar ke shalyoan ko nikalane ki vidhi evan agni, kshar, yantr, shastr adi ke prayog dvara sanpadit chikitsa ko shaly chikitsa kahate haian. kisi hvran mean se trin ke hisse, lak di ke tuk de, patthar ke tuk de, dhool, lohe ke khand, haddi, bal, nakhoon, shaly, ashuddh rakt, pooy, mritabhroon adi ko nikalana tatha yantroan evan shastroan ke prayog evan hvranoan ke nidan, tatha usaki chikitsa adi ka samavesh shalyayantr ke aantargat kiya gaya hai.

shalyannam vividhatrinakashthapashanapaanshulohaloshthasthivalanakhapooyasravadrashtvrana- antargarbhashalyodvaranarth yantrashastraksharagnipranidhanvran vinishchayarthach. (su.soo. 1.1).

(3) shalakyayantr-gale ke oopar ke aangoan ki chikitsa mean bahudha shalaka sadrish yantroan evan shastroan ka prayog hone se ise shalakyayantr kahate haian. isake aantargat pradhanat: mukh, nasika, netr, karn adi aangoan mean utpann vyadhiyoan ki chikitsa ati hai.

shalakyan namoordhvajantugatanaan shravan nayan vadan hghraanadi sanshritanaan vyadhinamupashamanarthamh‌. (su.soo. 1.2).

(4) kaumarabhrity-bachchoan, striyoan visheshat: garbhini striyoan aur vishesh strirog ke sath garbhavijnan ka varnan is tantr mean hai.

kaumarabhrityan nam kumarabharan dhatrikshiradoshashh sanshodhanarthan

dushtastanyagrahasamutthanaan ch vyadhinamupashamanarthamh‌ .. (su.soo. 1.5).

(5) agadatantr-isamean vibhinn sthavar, jangam aur kritrim vishoan evan unake lakshanoan tatha chikitsa ka varnan hai.

agadatantran nam sarpakitalatamashikadidashtavish vyanjanarthan

vividhavishasanyogopashamanarthan ch .. (su.soo. 1.6).

(6) bhootavidya-isamean devadhi grahoan dvara utpann hue vikaroan aur usaki chikitsa ka varnan hai.

bhootavidyanam devasuragandharvayaksharaksh: pitripishachanagagrahamupasrisht

chetasaanshantikarm valiharanadigrahopashamanarthamh‌. (su.soo. 1.4).

(7) rasayanatantr-chirakal tak vriddhavastha ke lakshanoan se bachate hue uttam svasthy, bal, paurush evan dirghayu ki prapti evan vriddhavastha ke karan utpann hue vikaroan ko door karane ke upay is tantr mean varnit haian.

rasayanatantr nam vay: sthapanamayumedhavalakaran rogapaharanasamarthan ch.shshshshshh (su.soo. 1.7).

(8) vajikaran-shukradhatu ki utpatti, pushtata evan usamean utpann doshoan evan usake kshay, vriddhi adi karanoan se utpann lakshanoan ki chikitsa adi vishayoan ke sath uttam svasth santonotpatti sanbandhi jnan ka varnan isake aantargat ate haian.

vajikaranatantran nam alpadusht kshinavishushkaretasamapyayan

prasadopachay janananimittan praharshan jananarthanch. (su.soo. 1.8).

ayurved sanbandhi shodh-svatantrata prapti ke bad bharat sarakar ka dhyan ayurvedik siddhaant evan chikitsa sanbandhi shodh ki or akarshit hua. phalasvaroop is disha mean kuchh mahatvapoorn kadam uthae ge haian aur ekadhik shodhaparishadoan evan sansthanoan ki sthapana ki gee hai jinamean se pramukh ye hai:

(a) bharatiy chikitsapaddhati evan homyopaithi ki keandriy anusandhan parishadh‌shh (seantral kauansil ph aaur risarch in iandiyan medisin aiand homyopaithi) is svayattashasi keandriy anusandhan parishadh ki sthapana ka bil bharat sarakar ne 22 mee, 1969 ki lokasabha mean parit kiya tha. isaka mukhy uddeshy ayurvedik chikitsa ke saiddhaantik evan prayogik pahaluoan ke vibhinn pakshoan par anusandhan ke sootrapat ko nideshit, pronnat, sanvardhit tatha vikasit karana hai. is sanstha ke pradhan kary evan uddeshy nimnalikhit haian:

(1) bharatiy chikitsa (ayurved, siddh, yoonani, yog evan homyopaithi) paddhati se sanbandhit anusandhan ko vaijnanik dhang se prastut karana.

(2) roganivarak evan rogotpadak hetuoan se sanbandhit tathyoan ka anushilan evan tatsanbandhi anusandhan mean sahayog pradan karana, jnanasanvardhan evan prayogik vidhi mean vriddhi karana.

3. bharatiy chikitsapranali, homyopaithi tatha yog ke vibhinn saiddhaantik evan vyavaharik pahaluoan mean vaijnanik anusandhan ka sootrapat, sanvardhan evan samanjasy sthapit karana.

(4) keandriy parishadh ke saman uddeshy rakhanevali any sansthaoan, mandaliyoan evan parishadoan ke sath visheshakar poorvaanchal pradeshiy vyadhiyoan aur khasakar bharat mean utpann honevali vyadhiyoan se sanbandhit vishisht adhyayan evan paryavekshan sanbandhi vicharoan ka adan pradan karana.

5. keandriy parishadh evan ayurvediy vanamay ke utkarsh patroan ad ka mudran, prakashan evan pradarshan karana.

6. keandriy parishadh ke uddeshyoan ke utkarsh nimitt puraskar pradan karana tatha chhatravritti svikrit karana. chhatroan ko yatra hetu dhanarashi ki svikriti dena bhi isamean sammilit hai.

(a) keandriy anusandhan sansthan (seantral risarch ianstityoot) aturalayoan, prayogashalaoan, ayurvijnan ke adharabhoot siddhaantoan evan prayogik samasyaoan par brihadh roop se shodh kar raha hai. isake pradhan uddeshy nimnalikhit haian:

1. roganivaran evan unmoolan hetu achchhi, sasti tatha prabhavakari aushadhiyoan ka pata lagana.

2. vibhinn keandroan (keandriy parishadh ke) mean sanlagn karyakartaoan ko prashikshan sanbandhi suvidhaean pradan karana.

3. vibhinn vyaktiyoan athava sansthaoan dvara 'roganivaran' ke davoan ka moolyaankan karana.

4. ayurvediyavijnan ke siddhaantoan ka sanvardhan karana.

5. adhunik chikitsavijnan ke drishtikon se ayurvediy siddhaantoan ki punarvyakhya karana.

6. vibhinn naidanik pahaluoan par anusandhan karana.

uparyukt sansthan ke sath (1) aushadhiy vanaspati sarvekshan ikaiyaan (sarve aph medisinal plaants yoonits), (2) tathyanishkasan chal naidanik anusandhan ikaiyaan

isake atirikt keandriy sansthan nimn sthanoan par kary kar rahe haian:

ayurvedashshh: keandriy anusandhan sansthan, cherootharuthi.

keandriy anusandhan sansthan, patiyala.

siddhashshshshh: keandriy anusandhan sansthan, madras.

yoonanishshshh: keandriy anusandhan sansthan, haidarabad.

homyopaithishh: keandriy anusandhan sansthan, kalakatta.

(i) kshetriy anusandhan sansthanashh (rijanal risarch ianstityoot) is sansthan ka kary bhi pray: keandriy anansadhan sansthan ke saman hi hai. aise sansthanoan ke sath 25 shayyavale aturalay bhi sanbaddh haian. bhuvaneshvar, jayapur, yogeandranagar tatha kalakatta mean kshetriy anusandhan keandr sthapit kie ge haian. in sansthanoan ke sath bhishh (1) aushadhiy vanaspati sarvekshan ikaiyaan, (2) tathyanishkasan chal naidanik anusandhan ikaiyaan tatha (3) naidanik anusandhan ikaiyaan sanbaddh haian.

aushadhiy vanaspati sarvekshan ikaee ke uddeshy nimnalikhit haian:

1. ayurvediy vanaspatiyoan ke (jinaka vibhinn ayurvediy sanhitaoan mean ullekh hai) kshetr ka vistar evan pariman ka anuman.

2. vibhinn aushadhiyoan ka sangrah karana.

3. vibhinn ikaiyoan (anasandhan) mean jaanch hetu hare paudhoan, bij evan any aushadhiyoan mean prayukt honevale bhag ka prachur pariman mean sangrah karana adi.

4. isake atirikt ayurvedik aushadhi udyog mean prayukt honevale dravy, any suandar tatha akarshak paudhe, vibhinn jangali dravyoan evan alabhy paudhoan aur dravyoan ke sanbandh mean chhanabin karana.

(ee) mishrit bheshaj anusandhan yojana shh(kanpozit drag risarch skim) is yojana ke aantargat kuchh adhunik prayog mean aee navin aushadhiyoan ka adhyayan prathamik roos se kiya ja raha hai. vibhinn drishtikonoan ko lekar arthath‌ naidanik, kriyashilata sanbandhi, rasayanik tatha sanghatanatmak adhyayan isake kshetr mean sammilit kie ge haian.

(u) vanamay anusandhan ikaee shh(litareri risarch yoonit) ayurved ke bikhare evan nashtapray vanamay ko vibhinn niji evan sarvajanik pustakalayoan ke sarvekshan dvara sankalit karana is ikaee ka kam hai. prachin kal mean talapatr, bhojapatr adi par likhe ayurved ke amooly ratnoan ka sankalan evan sanvardhan bhi isake pramukh uddeshy mean se ek haian.

(oo) chikitsashastr ke itihas ka sansthanashh (ianstityoot aauv histari aauv medisin) yah sansthan haidarabad mean sthit hai. isaka mukhy uddeshy yuganuroop ayurved ke itihas ka praroop taiyar karana hai. pragaitihasik yug se adhunik yug paryant ayurved ki pragati evan hhras ka adhyayan hi isaka kary hai.

sandhaniy shaly vijnan: ayurved mean sandhaniy shaly vijnan ka vikas charam sima par tha. sushrut sanhita mean sandhanak shalyakriya ke pradhanat: do paksh varnit haian. pratham paksh ka sandhanakarm evan dvitiy ko vaikritapattam ki sanjna di gee hai.

1. sandhan karmashh punarnirman sanbandhi shalyakriya hai aur sandhanak shalayavijnan ka adharastanbh bhi. isake aantargat (k) karnasandhan, (kh) nasasandhan tatha (g) oshthasandhan ityadi shalyakriyaoan ka samavesh kiya gaya hai. 2. vaikritapattamashh mean hvranaropan se prakritik lavany paryant anek avasthaoan ka samavesh kiya gaya hai. vaikritapattam kriya ka mukhy uddeshy hvranavastu (hvranachihnoan) ko yathasanbhav prakritik avastha (akar, roop, prakriti) mean lana hai jinamean nimnaankit ath pradhan karm sanpadit kie jate haian:

(a) utsadan kamarh-niche dabi huee hvranavastu ko oopar uthana.
(a) avasadakamarh-oopar uthi huee hvranavastu ko niche lana.
(i) mridukamarh-kathin hvranavastu ko mridu karana.
(ee) darunakamarh-mridu hvranavastu ko varn pradan karana.
(u) krishnakamarh-varnarahit hvranavastu ko varn pradan karana.
(oo) paandukamarh-atiranjit hvranavastu ko nyanavarn athava varnavihin karana.
(e) romasanjanan-hvranavastu ke oopar pun: prakritik rom utpann karana.
(ai) lopaharan-hvranavastu ke oopar utpann atyadhik baloan ko nasht karana.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

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