आरण्यक साहित्य

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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chitr:Disamb2.jpg aranyak ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- aranyak (bahuvikalpi)

brahman granth ke jo bhag arany mean pathaniy haian, unhean 'aranyak' kaha gaya ya yoan kahean ki ved ka vah bhag, jisamean yajnanushthan-paddhati, yajnik mantr, padarth evan phaladi mean adhyatmikata ka sanket diya gaya, ve 'aranyak' haian. jo manushy ko adhyatmik bodh ki or jhuka kar saansarik bandhanoan se oopar uthate haian. vanaprasthashram mean sansar-tyag ke uparaant arany mean adhyayan hone ke karan bhi inhean 'aranyak' kaha gaya. arayankoan mean darshanik evan rahasyatmak vishayoan yatha, atma, mrityu, jivan adi ka varnan hota hai. in granthoan ko arayank isalie kaha jata hai kyoanki in granthoan ka manan arany arthath van mean kiya jata tha. ye granth aranyoan (jangaloan) mean nivas karane vale sannyasiyoan ke margadarshan ke lie likhe ge thai. aranyakoan mean aitarey aranyak, shaankhayant aranyak, brihadaranyak, maitrayani upanishadh aranyak tatha tavalakar aranyak (ise jaiminiyopanishadh brahman bhi kahate haian) mukhy haian. aitarey tatha shaankhayan rrigved se, brihadaranyak shukl yajurved se, maitrayani upanishadh aranyak krishna yajurved se tatha tavalakar aranyak samaved se sambaddh haian. atharvaved ka koee aranyak upalabdh nahian hai. aranyak granthoan mean pran vidya mi mahima ka pratipadan vishesh roop se milata hai. inamean kuchh aitihasik tathy bhi haian, jaise- taittiriy aranyak mean kuroo, panchal, kashi, videh adi mahajanapadoan ka ullekh hai.

ved evan sanbandhit arayank

ved sambandhit aranyak

1- rrigved

aitarey aranyak, shaankhayan aranyak ya kaushitaki aranyak

2- yajurved

brihadaranyak, maitrayani, taittiriyaranyak

3- samaved

jaimaniyopanishad ya tavalakar aranyak

4- atharvaved

koee aranyak nahian

aranyak–sahity ki prishthabhoomi

sthool ke viruddh sookshm ke prati akarshan svabhavatah utpann ho jata hai. shrautayagoan ke sandarbh mean bhi, janamanas mean, vishesh roop se prabriddh varg mean, isi prakar ka akarshan shanaiahshanaiah uttarottar abhivriddh hua. yajn ke dravyatmak svaroop ke bahuvidh svaroop–vistar mean, jab usaka vastavik marm ojhal hone laga, to yah avashyakata gaharaee se anubhav ki gee ki shrautayagoan ki adhyatmik vyakhya ki jae. brahman granthoan ke uttarardh mean, isi drishtikon ko pradhanata prapt huee aur usamean vaidik yagoan ke antartam mean nihit gambhir arthavatta, vastavik marm aur adhyatmik rahasyoan ke sandhan ke lie jis chintan ko akar mila, usi ka namakaran aranyak–sahity ke roop mean hua. aranyak granth brahman granthoan evan upanishadoan ke madhy ki k di hai. upanishadoan mean jin adhyatmik tattvoan ko ham atyuchch shikhar par aroodh dekhate haian, unaki prishthabhoomi aranyakoan mean hi nihit hai. vedokt samajik vyavastha mean, ashram–pranali ka vishesh mahattv hai. brahmanagranthokt shrautayagoan ke anushthan ke adhikari grihasthashrami mane ge haian. isake pashchath vanaprasthashram mean pravisht vyaktiyoan ke lie, vaidik vanmay mean, aranyak–sahity vishesh upadey samajha gaya hai. pachas varsh se adhik avastha vale aise vyaktiyoan mean jo shrautayogoan ke sthool dravyatmak svaroop se suparichit the, ab is svaroop ke vastavik marm ki jijnasa svabhavatah adhik thi. inhian ki bauddhik jijnasaoan ke shaman ke lie aranyak–sahity ka pranayan hua.

namakaran aur mahattv

'aranyak' nam se spasht hai ki in granthoan ka ghanishth sambandh arany athava van se hai. aranyoan ke ekant vatavaran mean, gambhir adhyatmik rahasyoan ke anusandhan ki cheshta svabhavik hi nahian, sukar bhi thi. aranyakoan mean sakam karm ke anushthan tatha usake phal ke prati asakti ki bhavana vidyaman nahian dikhalaee deti. isi karan inaka adhyatmik mahattv brahman granthoan ki apeksha adhik hai. upanishadoan ke tattvajnan ko samajhane ke lie bhi aranyakoan ka pahale anushilan avashyak hai. upanishadoan mean bahusankhyak aise prasang haian, jinake yatharth parijnan ke lie unake un mooladharoan ko janana avashyak hai, jo aranyakoan mean nihit haian. bhasha ki drishti se bhi aranyak sahity mahattvapoorn hai, kyoanki inaka pranayan vaidiki aur laukik sanskrit ki madhyavartani bhasha mean hua hai. karmakand ki drishti se brahman evan aranyak paraspar atyadhik sambaddh haian, isalie baudhayan dharmasootr mean, aranyakoan ko bhi 'brahman' akhya se sanyukt kiya gaya hai–

"vijnayate karmadishvetairjuhuyath pooto devalokath samashnute iti hi brahmanamiti hi brahmanh".[1]

taittiriyaranyak–bhashyabhoomika mean sayanachary ka kathan hai ki aranyoan arthath vanoan mean padhe–padhaye jane ke karan 'aranyak' namakaran sampann hua—'aranyadhyayana–detadaranyakamitiryate. aranye tadadhiyitetyevan vakyan pravakshyate..[2] brahmachary ke niyamoan ka palan karane vala hi in granthoan ke adhyayan ka adhikari hai–"etadaranyakan sarv navrati shrotumarhati".[3] vyutpatti ki drishti se 'aranyak' shabd 'arany' mean 'vunh' (bhavarthak) pratyay ke yog se nishpann hota hai–is prakar se isaka arth hai, 'arany mean hone vala' - 'aranye bhavamiti aranyamh.' brihadaranyak mean bhi isi ka samarthan kiya gaya hai–'aranyeanoochyamanatvath aranyakamh.' uparyukt vivaran se yah spasht hai ki aranyakoan ka adhyayan samanyatah vanoan mean hi kiya jata tha, kintu yah anivaryata nahian thi. taittiyaranyak ke kuchh aanshoan se vidit hota hai ki vaidikayug mean, vanoan ke sath hi gramoan mean bhi koee bandhan nahian tha.[4] yahi nahian, chalate hue, baithe hue, lete hue tatha nidronmukh sthitiyoan mean bhi koee yadi inaka adhyayan kar leta tha, to vah sabhi lokoan ki upalabdhi ka bhajan ho jata tha.[5] isase spasht hai ki prarambh mean, aranyakoan ka anushilan sarvatr kiya jata tha, kintu kalantar mean inhean vanoan mean hi padhe jane ko adhik shreyaskar mana jane laga.

pashchaty vidvanoan ka man brahman granthoan mean yadyapi kam rama hai, kintu unhoanne bhi aranyakoan ki prashansa unmukt hriday se ki hai. oldenabarg aur maikd aaunel jaise manishi in pavitr granthoan ki garima se poornataya ashvast pratit hote haian.[6] mahabharat mean kaha gaya hai ki jaise dadhi se navanit, malayagiri se chandan aur aushadhiyoan se amrit prapt kiya jata hai, usi prakar vedoan se aranyak le liya jata hai.[7]

aranyakoan ka brahmanoan ke sath sambandh

aranyak–granth brahman–granthoan ki hi shriankhala mean, vastutah, unake uttarardh bhag mean sankalit haian. karmakand ke sath donoan ka hi sambandh hai, isalie ye ek hi parampara se anusyoot haian. raja janak ke dvara sarvashreshth sattvetta ko 100 gay dene ki akhyayika shatapath brahman ke sath hi brihadaranyak mean bhi upalabdh hoti hai. brihadaranyak mean keval itani vishishtata hai ki usamean yajnavalky aur tatkalin any tatvachintakoan ke madhy hua darshanik tatvoan par vishad vichar–vimarsh bhi sammilit hai. isase spasht hai ki aranyak bhag brahmanagranthoan par nirbhar hai. is sandarbh mean, itana aur jnatavy hai ki aranyak–granth brahmanagranthoan ke vishad tatha darshanik svaroop ke parichayak hai. d aau. radhakrishnan ke anusar brahmanagranthoan mean un karmakandoan ka vivechan hai, jinaka vidhan grihasth ke lie tha, kintu vriddhavastha mean jab vah vanoan ka ashray leta hai to, karmakand ke sthan par kisi any vastu ki use avashyakata hoti thi aur aranyak usi vishay ki poorti karate haian.[8]

aranyakoan ka mukhy pratipady vishay bhi yajnik karmakand ke darshanik paksh ka udaghatan hai. durgachary ne nirukt–bhashy[9] mean 'aitareyake rahasy–brahmane' kahakar aranyakoan ke lie 'rahasy–brahman' nam ka ullekh kiya hai. gopath brahman[10] mean bhi 'rahasy' shabd ka vyavahar is sandarbh mean dikhalaee deta hai.

aranyakoan ka mukhy pratipady–vishay

achary baladev upadhyay ke anusar, aranyak yajn ke goodh rahasy ka pratipadan karate haian. 'rahasy' shabd se abhihit ki jane vali brahmavidya ki bhi isamean satta hai. aranyakoan ka mukhy pratipady vishay pranavidya tatha pratikapasana hai. ve pranavidya ko apani anokhi soojh nahian batalate, pratyut rrigved ke mantroan[11] ko apani pushti mean udadhrit karate haian, jinamean pranavidya ki dirghakalin parampara ka itihas milata hai.[12] upanishadoan ke saman aranyak–granth bhi ek hi moolasatta ko manate haian, jisaka vikas is srishti ke roop mean hua hai. vibhinn vastuoan mean ek hi tattv kaise anusyoot hai, isaka niroopan aitareyaranyak mean is prakar se hua hai—

"etan hyev bahvricha mahatyukthe mimaansant etamagnavadhvaryav etan mahavrate chhandoga etamasyametan divyetan vayavetamakash
etamapsvetamoshadhishvetan vanaspatishvetan chandramasyetan nakshatreshvetan sarveshu bhooteshvetamev brahm ityachakshate."

taittiriy–aranyak mean kal ka nidarshan bahut sundarata se kiya gaya hai. kal nirantar pravahaman hai. akhand sanvatsar ke roop mean ham isi paramarthik kal ke darshan karate haian. vyavaharik kal anek tatha anity hai. vyavahar ki drishti se usake anek bhag muhoortt, din, rat, paksh, mas ityadi roopoan mean kie jane par bhi vastutah vah ekaroop athava ekakar hi rahata hai. is sandarbh mean nadi ka drishtant diya gaya hai, jo akshayy srot se pravahit hoti hai, jise nana sahayak nadiyaan akar pusht banati haian, tatha jo vistirn hokar bhi nahian sookhati haian. yahi sthiti kal ke sandarbh mean sanvatsar ki hai–

nadiv prabhavath kachidakshayyath syandate yatha.
taan nadyoabhisamayanti soruah sati n nivartate..
evan nana samutthanaah kalaah sanvatsaran shritaah.[13]

  pranavidya ke mahattv ka niroopan aranyakoan mean vishesh roop se hai. aiterey–aranyak ka yah vishisht pratipady hai. tadanusar pran is vishv ka dharak hai, pran ki shakti se jaise yah akash apane sthan par sthit hai, usi prakar sarvochch prani se lekar chianti tak samast prani isi pran ke dvara pratishthit haian–

'soayamakashah pranen brihatya vishtabadhah, tadyathayamakashah pranen brihatya
vishtabdh evan sarvani bhootanyapipilikabhyah pranen brihatya vishtabdhanityevan vidyath'[14]

pran hi ayu ka karan hai, kaushitaki–upanishadh se bhi isaki pushti hoti hai–'yavaddhyasminh sharire prano vasati tavadayuah.' isilis jaise putr apane satkarmoan se pita ki seva karata hai, usi prakar antariksh aur vayu bhi pran ki seva mean sanlagn rahate haian–

'pranen srashtavantarikshan ch vayushch.
antarikshan va anucharanti antarikshamanushrrinvanti.
vayurasmai punyan gandhamavahati.
evametau prananpataran paricharatoantarikshan ch vayushh'.[15]

sabhi rrichaean, yahaan tak ki sabhi ved aur dhvaniyaan pran mean hi sannihit haian—

'ta va etaah sarva rrichah sarve ghoshaah ekaiv vyahatiah
pran ev pran rrich ityevan vidyath'.[16]

pran ke vibhinn roopoan ke dhyan se dhyata ko vibhinn phaloan ki prapti hoti hai. ahoratr ke roop mean pran kalatmak hai. pratahkal pran ka prasaran dikhalaee p data hai. sayankal indriyoan mean jo sankoch ata hai, vah pran ke karan hi hai. hiranyadan namak rrishi ne pran ki devatmak roop mean upasana ki thi. aitarey aranyak mean hi pranoan ki rrishiroop mean bhi upasana nirdisht hai. gritsamad, vishvamitr, vamadev, atri, bharadvaj, vasishth prabhriti sabhi rrishi pran hi haian. 'gritsamad' nam mean vidyaman 'grits' aur 'mad' ka, is sandarbh mean prithak–prithakh nirvachan karate hue kaha gaya hai ki shayan hi ke samay vakh, chakshu ityadi indriyoan ke nigaran karane ke karan 'grits' hai aur riti–kriya ke samay viryaslakhan roop 'mad' ko utpann karane ke karan 'mad' kahalata hai. is prakar 'gritsamad' ka tatpary hai pran aur apan ka sanyog. pran hi vishvamitr hai, kyoanki samast vishv is pran devata ka bhogy hone ke karan mitr hai–'vishvah mitran yasy asau vishvamitrah.' 'vamadev' namagat 'vam' shabd pran ki vandaniya, bhajaniyata aur sevaniyata ka dyok hai. samast vishv ko pap se bachane ke karan atri bhi pran hi hai–'sarv papmanoatrayat iti atriah.' 'bharadvaj' ke sandarbh mean kaha gaya hai ki gati sampann hone se manushy deh 'vaj' hai aur pran is sharir mean pravesh karake nirantar usaka bharan karata hai. 'vasishth' bhi pran hi hai, kyoanki is sharir mean indriyoan ke nivas karane ka karan pran hi hai. is prakar, rrishi–bhavana se pranopasana ka nirdesh aranyakoan mean antyant vistar se upalabadh hota hai. maitrayani–aranyak mean pran, agni aur paramatma shabdoan ko samanarthak batalaya gaya hai–'pranoagniah paramatma'.[17]

aitihasik sandarbhoan mean upadey anek tathyoan ka parijnan bhi aranyakoan se hota hai. tadanusar yajnopavit ka sarvapratham ullekh taittiriy aranyak mean hai. vahaan kaha gaya hai ki yajnopavit–dharan karake jo vyakti yajnanushthan karata hai, usaka yajn bhalibhaanti svikar kiya jata hai–aisa yajnopavitadhari vyakti jo kuchh bhi padhata hai, vah yajn hi hai.[18] 'shraman' shabd ka prayog taittiriy aranyak mean tapasvi ke arth mean hua hai. kalantar se, bauddh kal mean, yah shabd bauddhabhikshuoan ka jnapak ban gaya.[19] isi aranyak mean ek sahasr dhuroan vale, bahusankhyak chakroan vale tatha sahasr ashvoan vale ek vilakshan rath ka varnan hai. kanvashakhiy brihadaranyak mean sannyas ka vidhan spasht shabdoan mean hai. kaha gaya hai ki atma ka jnan prapt karane ke pashchath hi koee muni hota hai. isi brahmalok ki ichchha se sannyasi sannyas dharan karate haian.[20]

aranyakoan ke pravachanakarta

adhikaansh aranyak brahmanagranthoan ke antim bhag haian, isalie un brahmanoan ke pravachanakarta hi, katipay apavadoan ko chho dakar, aranyakoan ke pravachanakarta haian. udaharan ke lie aitarey aranyak parampara ke anusar, aitarey–brahman ka antim bhag hai, isalie aitarey–brahman ke pravakta mahidas aitarey ko hi aitarey–aranyak (tritiy aranyak tak) ka bhi pravachanakarta mana jata hai. is prakar ka ullekh bhi aitarey–aranyak mean hai–'etaddh sm vai tadvidvanah mahidas aitareyah'.[21] yadyapi pro. kith is ullekh ko hi adhar manakar mahidas ko aitareyaranyak ki rachana ka shrey nahian dete[22], kintu adhikaansh vidvanh unase asahamat haian. isalie yah nishchit hai ki aitarey aranyak ke tritiy aranyakant bhag ke pravachanakarta mahidas aitarey hi haian. inaka vishad parichay aitarey–brahman ke antargat diya ja chuka hai. aitarey aranyak ke antargat chaturtharanyak ke pravachanakarta ashvalayan tatha pancham ke shaunak mane jate haian. aitareyaranyak ke bhashy mean sayan ki bhi yahi dharana hai–'atev panchame shaunakenodahataah. tashch panchame shaunaken shakhantaramashrity pathitaah.'

shaankhayan–aranyak ke drashta ka nam gunakhy shankhayan hai. inake guru ka nam tha kahol kaushitaki, jaisa ki is aranyak ke 15vean adhyay mean suspasht ullekh hai–'namo brahmane nam acharyebhyo gunakhyachchhankhayanadasmabhiradhitan gunakhyah shankhayanah kaholatkaushitakeah.' brihadaranyak k pravachanakarta, parampara se maharshi yajnavalky mane jate haian, kyoanki vahi sampoorn shatapath–brahman ke pravakta haian aur brihadaranyak shatapathantargat hi hai. sayanachary ke anusar taittiriy–aranyak ke roop mean prakhyat krishnayajurvediy aranyak ke drishta rrishi kath haian–is prakar ise kathak–aranyak ke nam se abhihit kiya jana chahie—

'kathan munina drishtan kathakan parikirtyate.
savitro nachiketashch chaturhotrastritiyakah..
turyo vaishvasrijastadvadh vahnirarunaketukah.
svadhyayabrahmanan cheti sarv kathakamiritamh..'[23]

maitrayaniy–aranyak hi maitrayaniy–upanishadh ke roop mean vikhyat hai. jaiminiyopanishad brahman, samaved ke antargath 'talavakar–aranyak' ke nam se prasiddh hai. isake ant mean kashyap se gupt lauhity tak rrishi–namoan ki sudirgh shriankhala di gee hai.

aranyakoan ka desh–kal

aranyakoan ka desh–kal vahi hai, jo brahmanagranthoan ka hai. taittiriyaranyak mean gangayamuna ka tatavarti madhyadesh atyant pavitr tatha muniyoan ka nivas batalaya gaya hai.[24] isi aranyak mean age kurukshetr tatha khandavan ka varnan hai, jisase jnat hota hai ki isaka sambandh kurupanchal janapadoan se raha hai. shaankhayan aranyak mean ushinar, matsy, kurupaanchal aur kashi tatha videh janapadoan ka varnan hai.[25] maitrayaniy–aranyak mean tatkalin bharat ke anek pratapi samratoan ke nam milate haian– 'ath kimetairva pareanye mahadhanurdharashchakravartinah.

kechith sudyumn–bhooridyumn–indradyumn–kuvalayashch–yauvanashvavadhrayashv–ashvapati–shashabindu–harishchandr–ambarishananktu–sharyati–yayati–anarani–akshasenadayah'.[26]
uparyukt ullekhoan se spasht hai ki aranyakagranthoan ka pradesh prachin bharat ka prayah madhyabhag hai.

aranyakoan ki bhasha evan shaili

aranyakoan ki bhasha samanyatah brahmanoan ke sadrish hi haian aitarey–aranyak mean, anek sthaloan par aitarey–brahman ke vaky bhi jyoan ke tyoan udadhrit haian. prayah yah vaidiki aur laukik–sanskrit ke madhy ki bhasha hai. jaiminiy shakha ke talavakar–aranyak ki bhasha mean any aranyakoan ki apeksha, adhik prachin roop surakshit hai. shaili mean varnanatmakata adhik hai. mantroan ke uddharanapoorvak apane pratipady ka niroopan karane ki shaili aranyakagranthoan mean prayah paee jati hai. aranyakoan ke un bhagoan mean, jo aj upanishad ke roop mean pratishthit haian, sanvadamoolak sanprashn–shaili dikhalaee deti hai.

aranyakoan ka parichay

  • samprati keval chhah aranyak hi upalabdh hote haian.
  • rrigved ke do aranyak haian–aitarey aur shaankhayan.
  • shuklayajurved se samabaddh brihadaranyak hai jo kanv aur madhyandin donoan shakhaoan mean prapt hai.
  • krishnayajurved ki taittiriy aur kathak shakhaoan ka ek hi pratinidhi brahman hai–taittiriyaranyak.
  • maitrayaniyaranyak nam se maitrayani–shakha ka aranyak prithakh se upalabdh hai.
  • samaved ki kauthumashakha mean chhandogyopanishad ke antargat aranyak bhag bhi mila hua hai, kintu prithakh se usaka aranyak–roop mean adhyayan prachalit nahian hai. vishayavastu ki drishti se, pranavidya ka bhi usamean vishad varnan hai.
  • talavakar–aranyak (jaiminishakhiy) ka kauthumashakhiy sanpadit sanskaran hi hai chhandogyopanishadh.
  • atharvaved ka prithakh se koee aranyak yadyapi prapt nahian hota, lekin usase sambaddh gopath–brahman ke poorvardh mean bahut–si samagri aisi hai jo aranyakoan ke anuroop hi hai.
  • charoan vedoan ke aranyakoan ke nam haian-
  1. rrigved (aitarey aranyak, shaankhayan aranyak);
  2. yajurved-
    1. shukl yajurved (shatapath brahman ke madhyandin shakha ka 14vaan kand evan kanvashakha ka 17vaan kand);
    2. krishna yajurved (taittiriy aranyak);
  3. samaved (talavakar aranyak ya jaiminiyopanishad).
  4. atharvaved ka prithakh se koee aranyak prapt nahian hota hai.

aranyak–sahityah sankshipt moolyaankan

uparyukt prishthoan mean aranyak sahity ki jo vishad samiksha ki gee, use nishkarsh roop mean is prakar vyakt kiya ja sakata hai–

  1. yajn–sanstha ke adhyatmik aur pratikatmak pakshoan ki abhivyakti ki disha mean yah sahity mahiyasi bhoomika ka nirvahak hai.
  2. upanishadoan ke tattvik anushilan ke sandarbh mean aranyak–sahity poorv pithika ka nirmata hai.
  3. anek naye aur aitihasik aur saanskritik tathyoan ki prastuti ke karan yah sahity vishesh upadey hai.
  4. brahmanoan aur upanishadoan ke madhy ki bhasha aur shaili ke vikas–kram ka isase parijnan hota hai.
  5. naitikata aur achar–darshan ki drishti se aranyak–sahity manaviy manas ke oordhvarohan mean param sahayak hai.

aranyakoan ke sanskaran tatha un par hue shodhakary

sampoorn vaidik–vanmay mean aranyakoan ki samiksha atisvalp huee hai. jo bhi kary hua hai, usaka vivaran is prakar hai–

  1. aitarey–aranyak, sayan–bhashyasahit, anandashram sanskrit granthavali mean, poona se 1898 mean prakashit.
  2. aitarey–aranyak (aangrezi anuvad), anuvadak pro.e.bi. kith, landan, sanh 1909 mean prakashit.
  3. aitarey–aranyak ek adhyayan–d aau. sumanasharma, eestarn buk liankars, dilli se sanh 1981 mean prakashit.
  4. shaankhayan–aranyak, san. shridharashastri pathak, anandashram, poona se sanh 1922 mean prakashit.
  5. taittiriyaranyak, sayan–bhashyasahit, anandashram, poona se sanh 1926 ee. mean prakashit.
  6. brihadaranyak–gitapres, anandashram ityadi se anekadha prakashit.
  7. jaiminiyopanishadh brahman–talavar aranyak.
    1. san. da. raghuvir tatha lokeshachandr, nagapur se 1954 mean prakashit.
    2. san. ramadev lahaur se 1921 mean prakashit.
    3. san. bi.a.sharma, tirupati se 1937 ee. mean prakashit.


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poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. 3.7.7.7.16
  2. shlok, 6
  3. shlok, 9
  4. grame manasa svadhyayamadhiyit diva naktan utaranyeabal ut vachot tishthannut vrajannutasin ut shayanoadhiyitaiv svadhyayama–taittiriyaranyak 2.12.2
  5. y evan vidvanh maharatr ushasyudite vrajanstishthannasinah shayanoaranye grame va yavatrarasan svadhyayamadhite sarvallokaan jayati sarvallokananrinoanusanvarit. –vahi 2.15.1
  6. A Further development are the AranyaKas or 'forest treatises' the later age of which is indicated both by the position they occupy at the end of the Brahmanas and by their theosophical character. These works are generally represented as meant for the use of pious men who have retired to the forest and no longer perform sacrifices. According to the view of Prof. oldenberg they are, however rather treatises, which, owing to the superior to mystic sanctity of their contents, were intended to be communicated to the pupil by his teachera—maikadanal, hi. san. li., pri. 172-73
  7. 'navanitan yatha dadhno malayachchandanan yatha.
    aranyakan ch vedebhy aushadhibhyoamritan yatha (331.3)..

  8. bharatiy darshan, pratham bhag, prishth 59
  9. nirukt–bhashy (1.4
  10. gopath brahman (2.10
  11. rrigved, 6.164.31;1.164.38
  12. vaidik sahity aur sanskriti, (pancham sanskaran) prishth 234-35
  13. taittiriy–aranyak. 1.2
  14. aitarey aranyak, 2.1.6
  15. aitarey aranyak 2.1.7
  16. aitarey aranyak 2.2.2
  17. mai. aranyak 6.9
  18. 'prasrito h vai yajnopavitino yajnoapasritoanupavitino yatkinch brahmano yajnopavityadhite yajat ev tath' (2.1.1
  19. 'vatarashana h va rrishayah shramana oordhvamanthino babhoovustanrishayoarthamayanste
    nilayamacharansteanupravishuah kooshmandani taansteshvanvavindanchhraddhaya ch tapasa ch' (2.7.1).

  20. 'aitamev viditva munirbhavati.
    evamev pravrajino lokamichchhantah pravrajanti' (4.4.22).

  21. aitarey–aranyak, (2.1.8
  22. aitarey–aranyak (kith–sampadit tatha anudit) prishth 210
  23. bhashyopakramanika, shlok 10-11
  24. 'namo gangayamunayormadhye ye vasanti te me prasannatmanashchiran jivitan vardhayanti namo gangayamunayomurnibhyashch' (taittiriyaranyak 2.20
  25. 'ath h vai gargyo balakiranoochanah sansprisht as soavasadushinareshu s vasanmatsyeshu kurupanchaleshu kashivideheshviti' (6.1
  26. maitrayaniy–aranyak 6.9

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan
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