आर्य धर्म

(3) ary dharm aur sanskriti - ary dharm prachin aryoan ka dharm aur shreshth dharm donoan samajhe jate haian. prachin aryoan ke dharm mean prathamat: prakritik devamandal ki kalpana hai jo bharat, eeran, yoonan, rom, jarmani adi sabhi deshoan mean paee jati hai. isamean dyaush‌ (akash) aur prithvi ke bich mean anek devataoan ki srishti huee hai. bharatiy aryoan ka mool dharm rrigved mean abhivyakt hai, eeraniyoan ka avesta mean, yoonaniyoan ka ulisiz aur eeliyad mean. devamandal ke sath ary karmakaand ka vikas hua jisamean mantr, yajn, shraddh (pitaroan ki pooja), atithisatkar adi mukhyat: sammilit the. ary adhyatmik darshan (brahm, atma, vishv, moksh adi) aur ary niti (samany, vishesh adi) ka vikas bhi samanaantar hua. shuddh naitik adhar par avalanbit paranparavirodhi avaidik sanpradayoan-bauddh, jain adi-ne bhi apane dharm ko ary dharm athava saddharm kaha.

samajik arth mean 'ary' ka prayog pahale sanpoorn manav ke arth mean hota tha. kabhi-kabhi isaka prayog samany janata vish ke lie ('ary' shabd se) hota tha. phir abhijat aur shramik varg mean aantar dikhane ke lie ary varn aur shoodr varn ka prayog hone laga. phir aryoan ne apani samajik vyavastha ka adhar varn ko banaya aur samaj char varnoan mean vritti aur shram ke adhar par vibhakt hua. rriksanhita mean charoan varnoan ki utpatti aur kary ka ullekh is prakar hai:

brahmanoasy mukhamasidh bahoo rajany: krit:.
ooroo tadasy yadvaishy: padabhyaan shoodroajayat ..

(is virath purush ke muanh se brahman, bahu se rajasv (kshatriy), ooru (jangha) se vaishy aur pad (charan) se shoodr utpann hua.) ajakal ki bhasha mean ye varg bauddhik, prashasakiy, vyavasayik tatha shramik the. mool mean inamean taralata thi. ek hi parivar mean kee varn ke log rahate aur paraspar vivahadi sanbadh aur bhojan, pan adi hote the. kramash: ye varg paraspar varjanashil hote ge. ye samajik vibhajan aryaparivar ki pray: sabhi shakhaoan mean pae jate haian, yadyapi inake namoan aur samajik sthiti mean deshagat bhed milate haian.

praranbhik ary parivar pitrisattatmak tha, yadyapi adity (aditi se utpann), daity (diti se utpann) adi shabdoan mean matrisatta ki dhvani vartaman hai. danpati ki kalpana mean pati patni ka grihasthi ke oopar saman adhikar paya jata hai. parivar mean putrajanm ki kamana ki jati thi. dayitv ke karan kanya ka janm parivar ko ganbhir bana deta tha, kiantu usaki upeksha nahian ki jati thi. ghosha, lopamudra, apala, vishvavara adi striyaan mantradrashta rrishipad ko prapt huee thian. vivah pray: yuvavastha mean hota tha. pati patni ko paraspar nirvachan ka adhikar tha. vivah dharmik krityoan ke sath sanpann hota tha, jo paravarti brahm vivah se milata julata tha.

praranbhik ary sanskriti mean vidya, sahity aur kala ka ooancha sthan hai. bharopiy bhasha jnan ke sashakt madhyam ke roop mean vikasit huee. isamean kavy, dharm, darshan adi vibhinn shastroan ka uday hua. aryoan ka prachinatam sahity ved bhasha, kavy aur chiantan, sabhi drishtiyoan se mahatvapoorn hai. rrigved mean brahmachary aur shikshanapaddhati ke ullekh pae jate haian, jinase pata lagata hai ki shikshanavyavastha ka sangathan aranbh ho gaya tha aur manav abhivyaktiyoan ne shastriy roop dharan karana shuroo kar diya tha. rrigved mean kavi ko rrishi (mantradrashta) mana gaya hai. vah apani aantadrishti se sanpoorn vishv ka darshan karata tha. usha, savitri, aranyani adi ke sooktoan mean prakritinirikshan aur manav ki sauandaryapriyata tatha rasanubhooti ka suandar chitran hai. rrigvedasanhita mean pur aur gram adi ke ullekh bhi pae jate haian. lohe ke nagar, patthar ki saik doan puriyaan, sahasradvar tatha sahasrastanbh attalikaean nirmit hoti thian. sath hi samany grih aur kutir bhi banate the. bhavananirman mean ishtaka (eetan) ka upayog hota tha. yatayat ke lie pathoan ka nirman aur yan ke roop mean kee prakar ke rathoan ka upayog kiya jata tha. git, nrity aur vaditr ka sangit ke roop mean prayog hota tha. van, kshoni, karkari prabhriti vadyoan ke nam pae jate haian. putrika (puttalika, putali) ke nrity ka bhi ullekh milata hai. alankaran ki pratha vikasit thi. striyaan nishk, ajji, basi, vakh‌, rukm adi gahane pahanati thian. vividh prakar ke manovinod mean kavy, sangit, dyoot, ghu dadau d, rathadau d adi sammilit the.

(4) shreshth, shisht athava sanjjan - naitik arth mean 'ary' ka prayog mahakul, kulin, sabhy, sajjan, sadhu adi ke lie paya jata hai. (mahakulakulinaryasabhyasajjanasadhav:.-amar. 7.3). sayanachary ne apane rrigbhashy mean 'ary' ka arth vijn, yajn ka anushthata, vijn stota, vidvanh‌ adaraniy athava sarvatr gantavy, uttamavarn, manu, karmayukt aur karmanushthan se shreshth adi kiya hai. adaraniy ke arth mean to sanskrit sahity mean ary ka bahut prayog hua hai. patni pati ko aryaputr kahati thi. pitamah ko ary (hian. aja) aur pitamahi ko arya (hian. aji, aiya, aiya) kahane ki pratha rahi hai. naitik roop se prakrit acharan karanevale ko ary kaha gaya hai:

kartavyamachanaranh‌ karyamakartavyamanacharanh‌ .
tishthati prakritachare s ary iti uchyate ..

praranbh mean 'ary' ka prayog prajati athava varn ke arth mean bhale hi hota raha ho, age chalakar bharatiy itihas mean isaka naitik arth hi adhik prachalit hua jisake anusar kisi bhi varn athava jati ka vyakti apani shreshthata athava sajjanata ke karan ary kaha jane laga.

ary prajati ki adibhoomi ke sanbandh mean abhi tak vidvanoan mean bahut matabhed haian. bhashavaijnanik adhyayan ke praranbh mean pray: bhasha aur prajati ko abhinn manakar ekodbhav (monojenik) siddhaant ka pratipadan hua aur mana gaya ki bharopiy bhashaoan ke bolanevale ke poorvaj kahian ek hi sthan mean rahate the aur vahian se vibhinn deshoan mean ge. bhashavaijnanik sakshyoan ki apoornata aur anishchitata ke karan yah adibhoomi kabhi madhy eshiya, kabhi pamir-kashmir, kabhi astriya-hangari, kabhi jarmani, kabhi svidan-narve aur aj dakshin roos ke ghas ke maidanoan mean dhooandhi jati hai. bhasha aur prajati anivary roop se abhinn nahian. aj aryoan ki vividh shakhaoan ke bahoodbhav (p aaulijenik) hone ka siddhaant bhi prachalit hota ja raha hai jisake anusar yah avashyak nahian ki ary-bhasha-parivar ki sabhi jatiyaan ek hi manavavansh ki rahi hoan. bhasha ka grahan to sanpark aur prabhav se bhi hota aya hai, kee jatiyoan ne to apani mool bhasha chho dakar vijatiy bhasha ko poornat: apana liya hai. jahaan tak bharatiy aryoan ke udgam ka prashn hai, bharatiy sahity mean unake bahar se ane ke sanbandh mean ek bhi ullekh nahian hai. kuchh logoan ne paranpara aur anushruti ke anusar madhyadesh (sthoon) (sthanvishvar) tatha kajangal (rajamahal ki paha diyaan) aur himalay tatha viandhy ke bich ka pradesh athava aryavart (uttar bharat) hi aryoan ki adibhoomi mana hai. pauranik paranpara se vichchhinn keval rrigved ke adhar par kuchh vidvanoan ne saptasiandhu (simaant evan panjab) ko aryoan ki adibhoomi mana hai. lokamany bal gangadhar tilak ne rrigved mean varnit dirgh ahoratr, pralanbit usha adi ke adhar par aryoan ki moolabhoomi ko dhruvapradesh mean mana tha. bahut se yooropiy vidvanh‌ aur unake anuyayi bharatiy vidvanh‌ ab bhi bharatiy aryoan ko bahar se aya hua manate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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madhyamik

poornata

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sanbandhit lekh

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