आर्य समाज

ary samaj
aryasamaj ka adhikarik dhvaj|200px|center
vivaran	ary samaj ek hindoo sudhar aandolan hai.
sthapana	svami dayanand sarasvati ne sanbhavat: 7 ya 10 aprail sanh‌ 1875 ee. ko bambee (ab mumbee) mean.
uddeshy	vaidik dharm ko punah shuddh roop se sthapit karane ka prayas, bharat ko dharmik, samajik v rajanitik roop se ek sootr mean baandhane ka prayatn aur pashyaty prabhav ko samapt karana.
arth	'ary' ka arth hai bhadr evan 'samaj' ka arth hai sabha. at: ary samaj ka arth hai 'bhadrajanoan ka samaj' ya 'bhadrasabha'.
sanbandhit lekh	raja ramamohan ray, svami dayanand sarasvati, svami ramkrishna paramahans, svami vivekanand, svami ramatirth, lokamany tilak, rabindranath thakur, yogi aravind, mahatma gaandhi
any janakari	ary samaj ka kendr evan dharmik rajadhani lahaur mean thi, yadyapi ajamer mean svami dayanand ki nirvanasthali evan vaidik-yantralay (pres) hone se vah lahaur ka pratidvandvi tha. lahaur ke pakistan mean chale jane ke pashchath ary samaj ka mukhy kendr ajakal dilli hai.

ary samaj unnisavian shatabdi ka bharatiy itihas aur sahity mean mahattvapoorn sthan hai. itana vyapak aur sookshm parivartan madhyayug mean islam dharm ke sampark ke phalasvaroop bhi n hua tha. ek or to bharatavarsh unnisavian shatabdi mean ek sudoor sthit pashchaty jati ka das bana aur doosari or pashchaty jnan-vijnan tatha vaijnanik avishkaroan se labh uthakar usane navin chetana prapt ki aur madhyayugin evan anek pauranik kuritiyoan, kuprathaoan tatha paramparaoan se baddh jivan ka alasy chho dakar sphoorti prapt ki. itihas is bat ka sakshi hai ki yah sphoorti aur chetana, rajanitik evan arthik dasatv ki paristhiti mean, poorv aur pashchim ke bich sangharsh ke roop mean arthath bharatiy adhyatmikata aur pashchaty bhautikata ke sangharsh ke roop mean, abhivyakt huee. rajanitik aur arthik chetana usi chetana ka ashanmatr thi. yahi poorv aur pashchim ka sangharsh tha, jisane raja ramamohan ray, svami dayanand sarasvati, svami ramkrishna paramahans, svami vivekanand , svami ramatirth, lokamany tilak, ravindranath thakur, yogi aravind aur mahatma gaandhi ko janm diya.

pashchaty prabhav

ek or to pashchim ke badhate hue prabhav ke viruddh pratikriya thi, doosari or prachin bharatiy sahity aur kala ka pashchaty aur bharatiy vidvanoan dvara anudin badhata hua adhyayan tha. hajasan, botlik, maiksamoolar, priansep, kaniangham, ed-vin arnald adi ki khojoan aur rachanaoan ka bharatavasiyoan par bahut prabhav p da. unhean apane poorvajoan ki mahatta ka parichay prapt hua. 'thiyosofikal sosaiti' (1875 ee.) ne bhi deshavasiyoan ka desh ke prachin gaurav ki or dhyan akrisht kiya. in sab karanoan se badhate hue pashchimi prabhav ke viruddh pratikriya hona aur bharat ki prachin garima ki or dhyan jana svabhavik tha. is pratikriya ne vishuddh bharatiy drishtikon avashy apanaya, kintu uddeshy vishuddhavadiyoan ka bhi bharatiy jivan ka parishkar karana tha. is drishtikon ka jvalant udaharan ary samaj andolan hai. is andolan ne hindoo dharm ka punarooddhar karane ka mahanh prayas kiya.[[chitr:Arya-Samaj-Mathura-6.jpg|thumb|left|ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura]]

ary samaj ki sthapana

dayanand sarasvati ne sanbhavat: 7 ya 10 aprail sanh‌ 1875 ee. ko bambee mean ary samaj ki sthapana ki. isaka uddeshy vaidik dharm ko punah shuddh roop se sthapit karane ka prayas, bharat ko dharmik, samajik v rajanitik roop se ek sootr mean baandhane ka prayatn, pashyaty prabhav ko samapt karana adi tha. 1824 ee. mean gujarat ke mauravi namak sthan par paida hue svami dayanand ko bachapan mean ‘moolashankar’ ke nam se jana jata tha. 21 varsh ki avastha mean moolashankar ne grih tyag kar ghumakk doan ka jivan svikar kiya. 24 varsh ki avastha mean unaki mulakat dandi svami poornanand se huee. inhian se sannyas ki diksha lekar moolashankar ne dand dharan kiya. diksha pradan karane ke bad dandi svami poornanand ne moolashankar ka nam 'svami dayanand sarasvati' rakha. jnan ki khoj mean bhatakane ke bad 1861 ee. mean svami ne dayanand ko veandoan ki darshanik vyakhya ka parichay karaya. dayanand ne inhean guru bana liya. vedoan aur bharatiy darshan ke gahan adhyayan ke bad svami ji ne yah nishkarsh nikala ki ary shreshth haian, ved hi eeshvari jnan hai tatha bharat bhoomi hi shreshth hai.

prachar-prasar

[[chitr:Arya-Samaj-Mathura-7.jpg|thumb|ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura]] svami ji ne apane upadeshoan ka prachar agara se prarambh kiya tatha jhoothe dharmoan ka khandan karane ke lie ‘pakhand khandani pataka’ laharaee. inhoanne apane upadeshoan mean moortipooja, bahudevavad, avataravad, pashubali, shraddh, jantr, tantr-mantr, jhoothe karmakand adi ki alochana ki. svami dayanand ji ne vedoan ko eeshvariy jnan manate hue ‘punah vedoan ki or chalo ka nara diya.’ samajik sudhar ke kshetr mean inhoanne chhuachhoot evan janm ke adhar par jati pratha ki alochana ki. ve shoodroan evan striyoan ke vedoan ki shiksha grahan karane ke adhikaroan ke himayati the. svami ji ke vicharoan ka sankalan inaki kriti ‘satyarth prakash’ mean milata hai, jisaki rachana svami ji ne hindi mean ki thi. rajaniti ke kshetr mean svami ji ka manana tha ki bure se bura deshi rajy achchhe se achchhe videshi rajy se behatar hota hai. ve svadeshi evan deshabhakti ke prabal samarthak the. vailentain shirol ne sach hi svami ji ke ary samaj ko ‘bharatiy ashaanti ka janmadata’ kaha hai. svami ji ne godhan ki raksha ke lie ‘gorakshani sabha’ ki sthapana ki tatha ‘gaukarunanidhi’ namak pustak ki rachana ki. ary samaj ke mahattvapoorn samarthak evan uthkrishna karyakarta the - mahatma hansaraj, pandit gurudatt, lala lajapat ray, svami shraddhanand adi. is sanstha ka prasar maharashtr ke alava uttar pradesh, panjab, rajasthan evan bihar mean bhi hua. ary samaj ka prachar-prasar panjab mean adhik saphal raha.

shuddhi andolan

dayanand sarasvati dvara chalaye gaye ‘shuddhi andolan’ ke antargat un logoan ko punah hindoo dharm mean ane ka mauka mila jinhoanne kisi karanavash islam dharm svikar kar liya tha. eni beseant ne kaha tha ki svami dayanand aise pahale vyakti the jinhoanne kaha ki ‘bharat bharatiyoan ke lie hai. 1892-1893 ee. mean ary samaj mean phoot p d gee. phoot ke bad bane do daloan mean se ek ne pashchaty shiksha ka samarthan kiya. is dal mean lala hansaraj aur lala lajapat ray adi pramukh the. inhoanne 'dayanand eanglo-vaidik k aaulej' ki sthapana ki. isi prakar doosare dal ne pashchaty shiksha ka virodh kiya jisake parinamasvaroop virodhi dal ke neta svami shraddhanand ji ne 1902 ee. mean haridvar mean ek ‘gurukul kaang di’ ki sthapana ki. is sanstha mean vaidik shiksha prachin paddhati se di jati thi. isase svami shraddhanand, lekharam aur muanshi ram adi ju de the.

ary samaj ke siddhant

ary samaj ke mukhy siddhant nimnalikhit haian—

1. sabhi shakti aur jnan ka praranbhik karan eeshvar hai.
2. eeshvar hi sarv saty hai, sarv vyapt hai, pavitr hai, sarvajn hai, sarvashaktiman hai aur srishti ka karan hai. keval usi ki pooja honi chahie.
3. ved hi sachche jnan granth haian.
4. saty ko grahan karane aur asaty ko tyagane ke lie sada tatpar rahana chahie.
5. uchit-anuchit ke vichar ke bad hi kary karana chahie.
6. manushy matr ko sharirik, samajik aur atmik unnati ke lie kary karana chahie.
7. pratyek ke prati nyay, prem aur usaki yogyata ke anusar vyavahar karana chahie.
8. jnan ki jyoti phailakar aandhakar ko door karana chahie.
9. keval apani unnati se santusht n hokar doosaroan ki unnati ke lie bhi yatn karana chahie.
10. samaj ke kalyan aur samaj ki unnati ke lie apane mat tatha vyaktigat batoan ko tyag dena chahie.

inamean se pratham tin siddhaant dharmik haian aur aantim sat naitik haian. age chalakar vyavahar ke star par ary samaj mean bhi vichar-bhed paida ho gaya. ek varg 'dayanand eanglo vaidik k aaulej' ki vicharadhara ki or chala aur doosare ne 'gurukul' ki rah pak di. yah ullekhaniy hai ki desh ke svatantrata-sangram mean ary samaj ne sanstha ke roop mean to nahian, par sahasanstha ke adhikaansh pramukh sadasyoan ne vyaktigat star par mahattvapoorn bhoomika ada ki.

dharmik evan naitik siddhant

oopar ke das siddhantoan mean se pratham tin jo eeshvar ke astitv, svabhav tatha vaidik sahity ke siddhant ko darshate haian, dharmik siddhant haian. antim sat naitik siddhaant hai. ary samaj ka dharmavijnan ved ke oopar avalambit hai. svamiji ved ko eeshvariy jnan manate the aur dharm ke sambandh mean antim praman. ary samaj ke sansthapak svami dayanand ne dekha ki desh mean apane hi vibhinn matoan v sampradayoan ke atirikt videshi islam evan eesaee dharm bhi j d pak d rahe haian. dayanand ke samane yah samasya thi ki kaise bharatiy dharm ka sudhar kiya jay. kis prakar prachin evan arvachin ka tatha pashchim evan poorv ke dharm v vicharoan ka samanvay kiya jay, jisase bharatiy gaurav phir sthapit ho sake. isaka samadhan svami dayanand ne 'ved' ke siddhantoan mean khoj nikala, jo eeshvar ke shabd haian.

vaidik siddhant

svami dayanand ke vaidik siddhant ko sankshep mean is prakar samajha ja sakata hai-'ved' shabd ka arth jnan hai. yah eeshvar ka jnan hai isalie pavitr evan poorn hai. eeshvar ka siddhant do prakar se vyakt kiya gaya hai-

1. char vedoan ke roop mean, jo char rrishiyoan (agni, vayu, soory evan agianra) ko srishti ke arambh mean avagat hue.
2. prakriti ya vishv ke roop mean, jo vedavihit siddhantoan ke anusar utpann hua. vaidik sahity-granth evan prakriti-granth se yahaan samy prakat hota hai. svami dayanand kahate haian, 'maian vedoan ko svat: pramanit saty manata hooan. ye sanshayarahit haian evan doosare kisi adhikari granth par nirbhar nahian rahate. ye prakriti ka pratinidhitv karate haian, jo eeshvar ka samrajy hai.' vaidik sahity ke ary siddhant ko yahaan sankshep mean diya jata hai-

• ved eeshvar dvara vyakt kiye gaye haian jaisa ki prakriti ke unake sambandh se pramanit hai.
• ved hi keval eeshvar dvara vyakt kiye gaye haian kyoanki doosare granth prakriti ke sath yah sambandh nahian darshate.
• ve vijnan evan manushy ke sabhi dharmoan ke mool srot haian.

ary samaj ke kartavyoan mean se siddhant do mahattvapoorn haian:-

1. bharat ko (bhoole hue) vaidik path par pun: chalana aur
2. vaidik shikshaoan ko sampoorn vishv mean prasarit karana.

ary samaj ka arth

svami dayanand ne apane siddhantoan ko vyavaharikata dene, apane dharm ko phailane tatha bharat v vishv ko jagrat karane ke lie jis sanstha ki sthapana ki use 'ary samaj' kahate haian. 'ary' ka arth hai bhadr evan 'samaj' ka arth hai sabha. at: ary samaj ka arth hai 'bhadrajanoan ka samaj' ya 'bhadrasabha'. ary prachin bharat ka premapoorn evan dharmik nam hai jo bhadr purushoan ke lie prayog mean ata tha. svami ji ne deshabhakti ki bhavana jagane ke lie yah nam chuna. yah dharmik se bhi adhik samajik evan rajanitik mahattv rakhata hai is prakar yah any dharmik evan sudharavadi sansthaoan se bhinnata rakhata hai, jaise –brahmasamaj (eeshvar ka samaj), prarthana samaj adi .

samaj ka vibhajan

svami dayanand ki mrityu se ab tak ki ghatanaoan mean samaj ka do daloan mean bantana ek mukhy parivartan hai. is vibhajan ke do karan the:

1. bhojan mean maans ke upayog par matabhed aur
2. uchch shiksha ke sambandh mean uchit niti sambandhi matabhed.

pahale karan se utpann hue do varg 'maansabhakshi dal' evan 'shakahari dal' kahalate hai tatha doosare karan se utpann do dal 'k aaulej parti' evan 'mahatma parti' (prachin paddhati par chalane vale) kahalate haian. ye matabhed ek aur bhi gahara matabhed upasthit karate haian jisaka sambandh svami dayanand ki shikshaoan ki manyata ke parinam se hai. is drishti se k aaulej parti adhik adhunik aur udar hai, jabaki mahatma parti ka drishtikon adhik prachinatavadi hai. k aaulej parti ne lahaur mean sthapana ki, jabaki mahatma parti ne haridvar mean 'gurukul' sthapit kiya, jisamean prachin siddhantoan tatha adarshoan par vishesh bal diya jata raha hai.

samaj ke prakar

[[chitr:Arya-Samaj-Mathura-8.jpg|thumb|ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura]] sanghatan ki drishti se isamean tin prakar ke samaj haian—

1. sthaniy samaj
2. prantiy samaj
3. sarvadeshik samaj.

sadasyata ki niyamavali

sthaniy samaj ki sadasyata ke lie nimnalikhit niyamavali hai-

• ary samaj ke das niyamoan mean vishvas
• ved ki svami dayanand dvara ki huee vyakhyadi mean vishvas
• sadasy ki ayu kam se kam 18 varsh honi chahie
• dvijoan ke lie vishesh diksha sanskar ki avashyakata nahian hai kintu eesaee tatha musalamanoan ke lie ek shuddhi sanskar ki vyavastha hai.

sthaniy sadasy

sthaniy sadasy do prakar ke haian-

• pratham, jinhean mat dene ka adhikar nahian, arthath asthayi sadasy;
• dvitiy, jinhean mat dene ka adhikar prapt hai, jo sthayi sadasy hote haian. asthayitv kal ek varsh ka hota hai. sahanubhooti darshane valoan ki bhi ek alag shreni hai.

sthaniy samaj ke padadhikari

sthaniy samaj ke nimnaankit padadhikari hote haian—

• sabhapati
• upasabhapati
• mantri
• koshadhyaksh
• pustakalayadhyaksh.

ye sabhi sthayi sadasyoan dvara unamean se hi chune jate haian.

prantiy samaj

prantiy samaj ke padadhikari inhian samajoan ke pratinidhi evan bheje hue sadasy hote haian. sthaniy samaj ke pratyek bis sadasy ke pichhe ek sadasy ko prantiy samaj mean pratinidhitv karane ka adhikar hai. is prakar isaka gathan pratinidhimoolak hai.

pooja paddhati

saptahik dharmik satsang pratyek ravivar ko prat: hota hai, kyoanki sarakari karmachari is din chhutti par hote haian. yah satsang tin ya char ghante ka hota hai. bhashan karane vale ke thik samane poojasthan mean vaidik agnikund rahata hai. dharmik pooja havan ke sath prarambh hoti hai. sath hi vaidik mantroan ka path hota hai. pashchath prarthana hoti hai. phir dayanand-sahity ka pravachan hota hai, jisaka ant samaj gan se hota hai. isamean sthayi purohit ya achary nahian hota. yogy sadasy apane kram se pradhan-vakta ya pooja-sanchalak ka sthan grahan karate haian.

karyapranali

ary samaj doosare pracharavadi dharmoan ke saman bhashan, shiksha, samachar, patr adi ki sahayata se apana mat-prachar karata hai. do prakar ke shikshak hai-

• pratham vetanabhogi aur
• dvitiy, avaitanik.

avaitanik mean sthaniy vakil, adhyapak, vyapari, daktar adi log hote haian. jabaki vetanabhogi sampoorn samay dene vale shastrajn aur vidvanh pracharak hote haian. pahala dal shiksha par zor deta hai; doosara dal upadesh aur sanskar par bal deta hai. ary samaj ka pratyek sangathan kuchh haeeskool, gurukul, anathalay adi ki vyavastha karata hai. yah mukhyat: uttar bharatiy dharmik andolan hai yadyapi isake kuchh kendr dakshin bharat mean bhi haian. barma tatha poorvi aphrika, m aaurishas, phiji adi mean bhi isaki shakhaean hai jo vahaan base hue bharatiyoan ke bich kary karati haian. ary samaj ka kendr evan dharmik rajadhani lahaur mean thi, yadyapi ajamer mean svami dayanand ki nirvanasthali evan vaidik-yantralay (pres) hone se vah lahaur ka pratidvandvi tha. lahaur ke pakistan mean chale jane ke pashchath ary samaj ka mukhy kendr ajakal dilli hai.

bhasha aur sahity

bharatiy navotthan ke pratham charan mean ary samaj-andolan dvara prerit sanskrit bhasha aur sahity ke adhyayan ke phalasvaroop hindi sanskrit shabdavali ke prayog ki or adhikadhik jhukati gayi. svami dayanand ne hindi ko rashtrabhasha ke roop mean svikar kiya tha aur desh ke ek kone se lekar doosare kone tak unhoanne isi bhasha ka prayog kiya, jahaan pahale urdoo ka bol-bala tha. unhoanne svayan satyarth-prakash (1874 ee.), vyavaharabhanu, gokarananidhi adi granthoan ki rachana hindi mean ki. unaki bhasha sanskritagarbhit hai. any aryasamaji lekhakoan ne bhi sanskrit shabdavali ke prayog ki or adhik dhyan diya, phalat: bhasha ka jo adarsh bharatendu ne sthapit kiya, vah any anek karanoan ke atirikt ary samaj ke prabal prabhav ke karan bahut dinoan ke lie lupt ho gaya. hindi ke 'sanskritikaran' ya 'tatsamikaran' ka ary samaj ek pradhan karan tha. hindi ke 'sanskritikaran' aur rashtrabhasha-pad par svikar karane ke atirikt ary samaj ne hindi gady ko ek nayi shaili pradan ki, jo shastrarth aur khandan-mandan ke upayukt thi. bhasha mean alochana aur vad-vivad karane ki shakti ayi. bhav-vyanjana mean bhi isase sahayata mili aur tarkashaili ke sath-sath vyangy tatha kataksh karane ki shakti ka avirbhav hua. hindi bhasha tatha gady shaili ka yah vikas abhootaparv tha aur kyoanki ary samaj ka karyakshetr bahut vyapak tha, isalie usane sahityikoan ko tarah-tarah ke vishay sujhaye. [[chitr:Arya-Samaj-Mathura-9.jpg|thumb|left|ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura]] yadyapi bharatendu harishchandr, radhakrishnadas, shrinivasadas, pratapanarayan mishr jaise kavi, upanyasakar aur natakakar ary samaji nahian the, to bhi unake dvara grihit anek vishay ve hi haian, jo aryasamaj-andolan apanaye hue the. aise anek tatkalin natak, prahasan aur upanyas upalabdh hote haian, jin par tarkapranali, vishay, shaili adi ki drishti se aryasamaj ka prabhav spasht roop se drishtigochar hota hai. kintu kuchh had tak aryasamaj natayakala ke lie ghatak bhi siddh hua. usane anek vishay sujhakar samagri prastut karane mean koee kasar baqi n rakhi, yah thik hai, lekin shastrarth vali shaili ne kritiyoan ki kalatmakata ko aghat pahuanchaya. aisa pratit hota hai mano svayan lekhak vividh patroan ke roop mean aryasamaj ke pletapharm se bol raha hai. aryasamaj ka jitana prabhav natak aur kavy par p da utana sahity ke kisi aur aang par nahian p da. unnisavian shatabdi ke uttarardh mean aur bisavian shatabdi mean aryasamaji uchch koti ke prasiddh natakakar, kavi ya any lekhak aur kalakar bahut kam hue. unnisavian shatabdian mean aryasamaji lekhak ya kavi nahian hua. bisavian shatabdi mean bhi padmasianh sharma, nathooram shankar sharma adi jaise kuchh hi prasiddh lekhak aur kavi hue haian. pracharatmak andolan hone ki vajah se uchch koti ka sahity prachur matra mean n de saka. kala ka abhav aryasamaj mean hi nahian, sansar ke sabhi sudharavadi (Puritonical) andolanoan mean paya jata haian. bhasha, vishay, chayan, lekhakoan aur kaviyoan ke drishtikon tatha unaki vichar-paddhati par aryasamaj ka kafi prabhav p da, yah nissandeh kaha ja sakata hai.

sudharavadi evan lokapriy sanstha

yah uttar bharat ki sabase mool sudharavadi evan lokapriy sanstha hai. strishiksha, harijanaseva, ashprishyata-nivaran evan doosare sudharoan mean yah pragatishil hai. vedoan ko sabhi dharm ka mool adhar evan vishv ke vijnan ka srot batate hue, yah deshabhakti ko bhi sthapit karata hai. isake sadasyoan mean se anek aise haian jo vastavik desh hitaishi evan deshapremi hai. shiksha tatha samajik sudhar dvara yah bharat ka khoya hua poorv-gaurav lana chahata hai. lagabhag pichhale bis-pachchis varshoan se aryasamaj ka sahity par prabhav ek prakar se nagany hai. vastav mean aryasamaj ek aisa andolan tha, jisane desh ki ek aitihasik avashyakata poori ki. shiksha, samajasudhar, dharmasudhar adi kshetroan mean usake dvara prachalit lagabhag sabhi batean desh dvara svikrit ho jane ke phalasvaroop usaki gatishilata samapt ho gayi.

vithika ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura

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  ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura

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  ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura

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  ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura

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  ary samaj mahasammelan, mathura

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sahayak granth

1. 'aryasamaj': lala lajapataray
2. adhunik hindi sahity': lammisagar varshney,
3. maharshi dayanand': yaduvansh sahay varma

sambandhit lekh

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