इस्लाम धर्म

islam dharm ke pravartak hazarat muhammad sahab the, jinaka janm 29 agast, 570 ko sudi arab ke makka namak sthan mean kuraish qabile ke abdulla namak vyapari ke ghar hua tha. janm ke poorv hi pita ki aur paanch varsh ki ayu mean mata ki mrityu ko jane ke phalasvaroop unaka palan-poshan unake dada mutallib aur chacha aboo talib ne kiya tha. 25 varsh ki ayu mean unhoanne khadija namak ek vidhava se vivah kiya. mohammad sahab ke janm ke samay arabavasi atyant pichh da, qabilaee aur charavahoan ki zindagi bita rahe the. atah muhammad sahab ne un qabiloan ko sangathit karake ek svatantr rashtr banane ka prayas kiya. 15 varsh tak vyapar mean lage rahane ke pashchath ve karobar chho dakar chintan-manan mean lin ho gaye. makka ke samip hira ki choti par kee din tak chintanashil rahane ke uparant unhean devadoot jibaril ka sandesh prapt hua ki ve jakar quran sharif ke roop mean prapt eeshvariy sandesh ka prachar karean. tatpashchath unhoanne islam dharm ka prachar shuroo kiya. unhoanne moorti pooja ka virodh kiya, jisase makka ka purohit varg bh dak utha aur antatah muhammad sahab ne 16 julaee 622 ko makka chho dakar vahaan se 300 kimi॰ uttar ki or yasarib (madina) ki or kooch kar diya. unaki yah yatra islam mean 'hijarat' kahalati hai. isi din se hijari sanvath ka prarambh mana jata hai. kalant mean 630 ee0 mean apane lagabhag 10 hazar anuyayiyoan ke sath muhammad sahab ne makka par chadhaee karake use jit liya aur vahaan islam ko lokapriy banaya. do varsh pashchath 8 joon, 632 ko unaka nidhan ho gaya.

arth

islam shabd ka arth hai–allah ko samarpan. is prakar musalaman vah hai, jisane apane apako allah ko samarpit kar diya, arthath islam dharm ke niyamoan par chalane laga. islam dharm ka adharabhoot siddhaant allah ko sarvashaktiman, ekamatr eeshvar aur jagat ka palak tatha hazarat muhammad ko unaka sandeshavahak ya paigambar manana hai. yahi bat unake 'kalame' mean doharaee jati hai—la ilaha illallah muhammadurrasoolullah arthath allah ek hai, usake alava koee doosara (doosari satta) nahian aur muhammad usake rasool ya paigambar. koee bhi shubh kary karane se poorv musalaman yah qalama padhate haian. islam mean allah ko kuchh had tak sakar mana gaya hai, jo is duniya se kafi door satavean asaman par rahata hai. vah abhav (shoony) mean sirf 'kun' kahakar hi srishti rachata hai. usaki rachanaoan mean ag se bane farishte aur mitti se bane manushy sarvashreshth haian. gumarah farishtoan ko 'shaitan' kaha jata hai. islam ke anusar manushy sirf ek bar duniya mean janm leta hai. mrityu ke pashchath punah vah eeshvariy nirnay (qayamat) ke din ji uthata hai aur manushy ke roop mean kiye gaye apane karmoan ke anusar hi 'jannat' (svarg) ya 'narak' pata hai. paigambar muhammad ki kahi huee batean aur unaki smritiyoan ka 'hadis' namak granth mean sangrah hai.

bhed

islam dharm ke paanch bhed kiye jate haian-

• nity,
• naimittik,
• kamy,
• asammat tatha
• nishiddh.

nity ve adharabhoot haian, jinhean har roz karana chahie. islam mean nimn paanch kartavyoan ko har musalaman ke lie anivary bataya gaya hai-

1. pratidin paanch vakt (fajar, juhar, asar, magarib, isha) namaz padhana
2. zarooratamandoan ko zakat (dan) dena
3. ramazan ke mahine mean sooryoday ke pahale se lekar sooryast tak roza rakhana
4. jivan mean kam se kam ek bar haj arthath makka sthit kaba ki yatra karana tatha
5. islam ki raksha ke lie zihad (dharmayuddh) karana.

naimittik karm ve karm haian, jinhean karane par puny hota hai, parantu n karane se pap nahian hota.

kamy ve karm haian jo kisi kamana ki poorti ke lie kie jate haian.

asammat ve karm haian jinakoan karane ki dharm sammati to nahian deta, kintu karane par karta ko dandaniy bhi nahian thaharata.

nishiddh (haram) karm ve haian, jinhean karane ki dharm manahi karata hai aur isake karta ko dandaniy thaharata hai.

islam ke sampraday

islam mean do mukhy sampraday–shiya aur sunni milate haian. muhammad sahab ki putri fatima aur damad ali ke betoan hasan aur husain ko paigambar ka uttaradhikari manane vale musalaman 'shiya' kahalate haian. doosari or sunni sampraday aisa manane se inkar karata hai.

hijari sanvath

shukravar, 16 julaee, 622 ko hijari sanvath ka prarambh hua, kyoanki usi din hazarat muhammad sahab makka ke purohitoan evan sattadhari varg ke dabavoan ke karan makka chho dakar madina ki or kooch kar gaye the. khalifa umar ki ajna se prarambh hijari sanvath mean 12 chandramas hote haian. jisamean 30 aur 29 din ke mas ek-doosare ke bad p date haian. varsh mean 354 din hote haian, phalatah yah saur sanvath ke varsh se 11 din chhota ho jata hai. is antar ko poora karane ke lie 30 varsh bad zilahiza mahin mean kuchh din jo d diye jate haian. hijari sanvath ke mahinoan ke nam is prakar haian—

1. moharram-ul-haram
2. safar
3. rabi-ul-avval
4. ubi-ul-sani
5. jamadi-ul-avval
6. jamadi-us-sani
7. razab
8. shaban
9. ramazan-ul-mubarik
10. shaval
11. zikada tatha
12. jij hija.

shariyat

islam mean shariyat ka tatpary dharmik vidhishastr se hai. ve qanoon, jo quran sharif tatha hadis ke vivaranoan par adharit hote haian tatha islam ke achar-vyavahar ka palan karate hai, shariyat ke antargat ate haian. shariyat ke char pramukh srot haian—

• quran mazid,
• hadis ya sunnat,
• ijmaa tatha
• kias.

in charoan ko islam ki adhar shila bhi mana jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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