ईंधन

eeandhan (aangrezi:Fuel) vah padarth hai jo hava mean jalakar bagair anavashyak utapad ke ooshma utpann karata hai.

ek achchhe eeandhan ke nimnamikhit gun hone chahie -

• vah sasta evan asani se upalabdh hona chahie.
• usaka ooshmiy man uchch hona chahie.
• jalane ke bad usase adhik matra mean avashisht hona chahie.
• jalane ke dauran ya bad koee hanikarak padarth nahian hona chahie.
• usaka jamav, parivahn asan hona chahie.
• usaka jalana niyantrit hona chahie.
• usaka prajvalan tap nimn hona chahie.

mukhyatah tin prakar ke eeandhan

thos eeandhan

ye eeandhan thos roop mean hote haian tatha jalane par karban haidroksaid, karban mono aauksaid v ooshma utpan karate haian. lak di, koyala, kok adi thos eeandhan ke udaharan hai.

koyala

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

karban ki matra ke adhar par koyala char prakar ka hota haian -

• pit koyala :- isamean karban ki matra 50% se 60% tak hoti hai. ise jalane par adhik rakh evan dhuaan nikalata hai. yah sabase nimn koti ka koyala hai.
• lignait koyala :- koyala isamean karban ki matra 65% se 70% tak hoti hai. isaka rang bhoora hota hai, isamean jalavashp ki matra adhik hoti hai.
• bituminas koyala :- ise mulayam koyala bhi kaha jata hai. isaka upayog ghareloo karyoan mean hota hai. isamean karban ki matra 70% se 85% tak hoti hai.
• enthrasait koyala :- yah koyale ki sabase uttam koti hai. isamean karban ki matra 85% se bhi adhik rahati hai.

drav eeandhan

drav eeandhan vibhinn prakar ke haidrokarban ke mishran se bane hote haian tatha jalane par karban daeeaauksaid v jal ka nirman karate haian. kerosin, petrol, dizal, alkohal adi drav eeandhanoan ke udaharan hai.

gais eeandhan

jis prakar thos v drav eeandhan jalane par ooshma utpann karate haian, usi prakar kuchh aisi gais bhi haian jo jalane par ooshma utpann karati haian. gais eeandhan drav v thos eeandhanoan ki apeksha adhik suvidhajanak hote haian v paipoan dvara ek sthan se dusare sthan tak saralatapoorvak niyantrit ki ja sakati haian. isake atirikt gais eeandhanoan ki ooshma saralatapoorvak niyantrit ki ja sakati hai. pramukh eeandhan gaisean nimn haian

• prakritik gais :- yah petroliyam kuaan se nikalati hai. isamean 95% haidrokarban hota hai, jisame 80% mithen rahata hai. gharoan mean prayukt hone vali dravit prakritik gais ko el॰ pi॰ ji॰ kahate haian. yah byooten evan promen ka mishran hota hai, jise uchch dav par dravit kar silendaroan mean bhar liya jata haian.
• gobar gais :- gile gobar (pashuoan ke mal) ke s dane par jvalanashil mithen gais banati hai, jo vayu ki upasthiti mean sugamata se jalati hai. gobar gais sanyatr mean shesh rahe padarth ka upayog karbanik khad ke roop mean kiya jata hai.
• prodyoosar gais :- yah gais lal tapt kok par vayu pravahit karake banayi jati hai, isamean mukhyatah karban monoksaid eeandhan ka kam karata hai. isamean 70% naitrojan, 25% karban monoksaid evan 4% karbanadaiksaid rahata hai. isaka ooshmiy man 1100 kcal / kg hota hai. kaanch evan ispat udyog mean isaka upayog eeandhan ke roop mean kiya jata hai.
• jal gais :- isamean haidrojan 49%, karban monoksaid 45% tatha karbanadaiksaid 4-5% hota hai. isaka ooshmiy man 2500 se 2800 kcal / kg hota hai. isaka upayog hidrojan evan alkohal ke nirman mean apachayak ke roop mean hota hai.
• kol gais :- yah koyale ke bhanjak asavan se banaya jata hai. yah rangahin tikshn gandh vali gais hai, yah vayu ke sath visphotak mishran banati hai. isamean 54% haidrojan, 35% mithen, 11% karban monoksaid, 5% haidrokarban, 3% karban daiaksaid hota hai.
• eeandhan ka ooshmiy man usaki koti ka nirdharan karata hai.
• alkohal ko jab petrol mean mila diya jata hai, to use alkohal kahate haian, jo oorja ka ek vaikalpik srot hai.
• el॰ pi॰ ji॰ atyadhik jvalanashil hoti hai, atah isase hone vali durghatana se bachane ke lie isamean salphar ke yaugik (mithail marak aaupten) ko mila dete haian, taki isake risav ko isaki gandh se pahachan liya jay.

eeandhan ka ooshmiy man

kisi eeandhan ka ooshmiy man ooshma ki vah matra hai, jo us eeandhan ke ek gram ko vayu ya aauksijan mean poornatah jalane ke pashchath prapt hota hai. kisi bhi achchhe eeandhan ka ooshmiy man adhik hona chahie. sabhi eeandhanoan mean haidrojan ka ooshmiy man sabase adhik hota hai parantu surakshit bhandaran ki suvidha nahian hone ke karan upayog amataur par nahian kiya jata hai. haidrojan ka upayog r aauket eeandhan ke roop mean tatha uchch tap utpann karane vale jvalakoan mean kiya jata hai. haidrojan ko bhavishy ka eeandhan bhi kaha jata hai.

apasphotan v akten sankhya

kuchh eeandhan aise hote haian jinaka vayu mishran ka ianjanoan ke silendar mean jvalan samay ke pahale ho jata hai, jisase ooshma poornataya kary mean parivartit n hokar dhatvik dhvani utpann karane mean nasht ho jati hai. yahi dhhatvik dhvani apasphotan kahalati hai. aise eeandhan jinaka apasphotan adhik hota hai apayog ke lie uchit nahian mane jate haian jisase inaka apasphotan kam ho jata hai sabase achchha apasphotarodhi yaugik tetra ethil led hai. apasphotan ko akten sankhya ke dvara vyakt kiya jata hai. kisi eeandhan, jisaki akten sankhya jitani adhik hoti hai, ka apasphotan utana hi kam hota hai tatha vah utana hi uttam eeandhan mana jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh