उठान
uthan jab kabhi kisi s dak mean mo d ata hai to us mo dapar s dak ke pharsh ko mo d ke bahari or ooancha uthakar s dak ko dhaloo banaya hai. isi prakar rel ke marg mean bhi mo d bahari patari bhitari se tho di uanchi rakhi jati hai. s dak ki satah ka, ya rel ke marg ka, mo d par is prakar dhaloo banaya jana uthan (supar ailiveshan) kahalata hai.[1]
mo d par chalati huee ga di par jo bal kam karate haian ve (1) apakeandr bal (seantrifugal fors) jisaka bahar ki or kshaitij tatha traijy prabhav p data hai, (2) ga di ka bhar, jo oordhvadhar niche ki or kary karata hai aur (3) s dak ke pharsh ki pratikriya jo oopar ki or kam karati hai. apakeandr bal ka santulan s dak ki satah ka gharshan karata hai aur yadi is gharshan ka bal yathesht n ho to ga di bahar ki or phisal jaegi. uthan is phisalane ki pravritti ko rokane mean sahayata karati hai.
uthan ka prayog rel ke margoan par dirghakal se kiya ja raha hai, kiantu jahaan tak s dakoan ka prashn hai, pahale ga diyoan ki mand gati ke karan isaki avashyakata nahian p dati thi. ajakal motar ga diyoan ki tivr gati ke karan s dak ki uthan ek adhunik vikas hai.
avashyak uthan us mahattam gati par nirbhar rahati hai jisapar ga diyoan ke chalane ki asha ki jati hai, arthath unake kalpit veg par. uthan nimnalikhit sootr ke anusar nishchit ki jati hai :
u = ve2/15tri
q =V2/15r.
yahaan u (q)= uthan, ve (V)= mil pratighantoan mean veg aur tri (r)= mo d ki trijya, phut mean.
sahi uthanavali s dak par kalpit gati se yatra karanevali ga di sugamata se tatha surakshit dhang par, phisalane ki pravritti ke bina, chalegi. yadi koee motarakar s dak par kalpit gati se tej chalegi to s dak ka gharshan use phisalane se bachaega. yadi koee relaga di kalpit gati se tej chalati hai to bagal ki dab ko pahiyoan ke bahar nikale parshv (phlaianjeanz) sanbhal lete haian. uthanavala koee bhi mo d keval us gati se yatra karane ke lie sukhad hota hai jisake lie s dak banaee jati hai. kiantu s dak par to anek prakar ki ga diyaan, tivr tatha dhimi donoan prakar ki gatiyoan se chalati haian. dhimi chal se chalanevali ga diyoan ko, jaise bailaga diyoan aur any janavaroan se khianchi janevali savariyoan ko, jo kalpit gati se kahian kam gati par chalati haian, adhik uthan se asuvidha hoti hai. is karan bharat mean iandiyan rod kaangres ke manakoan ke anusar uthan ki sima 15 mean 1 (arthath 15 phut chau di mean 1 phut) niyat kar di gee hai. doosare deshoan mean yadyapi 10 mean 1 tak ki uthan ki anumati hoti hai, to bhi sadharanat: uthan 15 mean 1 se adhik nahian hoti.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 58 |
- ↑ san.gran.-ech.krisavel: haeeve spairels, supar-eliveshan aiand vartikal karvs, dvitiy sanskaran (landan, 1948); ech.si. aibz : haeeve karvs (chaturth sanskaran, chaipamain aiand hal, landan); ti. ef hikarasan : haeeve karvs aiand aryavark (maikgr aau hil buk kanpani, nyooyark); el.ai. hyaz : amerikan haeeve praiktiv, khand 1 (jan vilo aiand sans, nyooyark).
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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