उद्धव
uddhav bhagavat ke anusar shrikrishna ke priy sakha aur sakshat brihaspati ke shishy the. mahamatiman uddhav vrishnivanshiy yadavoan ke mananiy mantri the.[1] unake pita ka nam 'upang' kaha gaya hai. kahian-kahian unhean vasudev ke bhaee 'devabhag' ka putr kaha gaya hai, at: unhean shrikrishna ka chachera bhaee bhi bataya gaya hai. ek any mat ke anusar ye satyak ke putr tatha krishna ke mama kahe gaye haian.
parichay
uddhav yadavoan ke paramarshadata hone ke sath-sath yoddha bhi the. jarasandh ke akramanoan mean inhoanne apane parakram ka parichay diya tha. dvaraka mean yadavoan ke kul nash ke bad jab shrikrishna ne apane svargarohan ki ichchha bataee to uddhav ne bhi unake sath jane ka agrah kiya. us samay shrikrishna ne bataya ki vah 'vasu' namak dev ke avatar haian. yah unaka aantim janm hai. tadantar krishna ne inako yog marg ka upadesh diya. yah upadesh ‘uddhav gita’ ya ‘avadhoot gitardh’ ke nam se prasiddh hai. krishna ke adesh par uddhav badarikashram chale ge aur vahian tapasya karate hue unhoanne apani jivan lila samapt ki.[2]
gokul gaman
mathura pravas mean jab shrikrishna ko apane mata-pita tatha gopiyoan ke virah-du:kh ka smaran hota hai, to ve uddhav ko nand ke gokul bhejate haian tatha mata-pita ko prasann karane tatha gopiyoan ke viyog-tap ko shant karane ka adesh dete haian. uddhav saharsh krishna ka sandesh lekar braj jate haian aur nandadi gopoan tatha gopiyoan ko prasann karate haian. krishna ke prati gopiyoan ke kanta bhav ke anany anurag ko pratyaksh dekhakar uddhav atyant prabhavit hote haian. ve krishna ka yah sandesh sunate haian ki tumhean mera viyog kabhi nahian ho sakata, kyoanki maian atmaroop hooan, sadaiv tumhare pas hooan. maian tumase door isalie hooan ki tum sadaiv mere dhyan mean lin raho. tum sab vasanaoan se shoony shuddh man se mujhamean anurakt rahakar mera dhyan karane mean shighr hi mujhe prapt karogi.
nandababa se bheant
uddhav vrishnavanshiyoan mean ek pradhan purush the. ye sakshat brihaspati ke shishy aur param buddhiman the. mathura ane par bhagavan shrikrishna ne inhean apana mantri aur antarang sakha bana liya tha. jab uddhav braj mean pahuanche, tab unase milakar nandababa ko vishesh prasannata huee. unhoanne unako gale lagakar apana sneh pradarshit kiya. atithy-satkar ke bad nandababa ne unase vasudev-devaki tatha krishna-balaram ka kushal-kshem poochha. uddhav nandababa aur yashoda maiya ke hriday mean shrikrishna ke prati dridh anurag ka darshan kar anand magn ho gaye.
gopiyoan dvara adar satkar
jab gopiyoan ko jnat hua ki uddhav bhagavan shrikrishna ka sandesh lekar aye haian, tab unhoanne ekant mean milane par unase shyamasundar ka samachar poochha. uddhav ne kaha- "gopiyoan! bhagavan shrikrishna sarvavyapi haian. ve tumhare hriday tatha samast j d-chetan mean vyapt haian. unase tumhara viyog kabhi ho hi nahian sakata. unamean bhagavad buddhi karake tumhean sarvatr vyapak shrikrishna ka sakshatkar karana chahiye." priyatam ka yah sandesh sunakar gopiyoan ko prasannata huee tatha unhean shuddh jnan prapt hua. unhoanne prem vihval hokar krishna ke manohar roop aur lalit lilaoan ka smaran karate hue apani ghor viyog-vyatha prakat ki tatha bhavatirek ki sthiti mean krishna se braj ke uddhar ki din prarthana ki. parantu shrikrishna ka sandesh sunakar unaka virah tap shant ho gaya. unhoanne shrikrishna bhagavan ko indriyoan ka sakshi paramatma janakar uddhav ka bhali-bhaanti poojan aur adar-satkar kiya. uddhav kee mahine tak gopiyoan ka shok-nash karate hue braj mean rahe.
jnan ahankar ka nash
gopiyoan ne kaha- "uddhavaji! ham janati haian ki sansar mean kisi ki asha n rakhana hi sabase b da sukh hai, phir bhi ham shrikrishna ke lautane ki asha chho dane mean asamarth haian. unake shubhagaman ki asha hi to hamara jivan hai. yahaan ka ek-ek pradesh, ek-ek dhoolikan shyamasundar ke charan chihnoan se chihnit hai. ham kisi prakar marakar bhi unhean nahian bhool sakati haian." gopiyoan ke alaukik prem ko dekhakar uddhav ke jnan ahankar ka nash ho gaya. ve kahane lage- "maian to in gop kumariyoan ki charan raj ki vandana karata hooan. inake dvara gayi gayi shrihari katha tinoan lokoan ko pavitr karati hai. prithvi par janm lena to in gopaanganaoan ka hi sarthak hai. meri to prabal ichchha hai ki maian is braj mean koee vriksh, lata athava trin ban jaooan, jisase in gopiyoan ki padadhooli mujhe pavitr karati rahe."
gopiyoan ki krishnabhakti se prabhavit
gopiyoan ki krishnabhakti se uddhav itane prabhavit hue ki unhoanne gopiyoan ki charan raj ki vandana ki tatha ichchha prakat ki ki- "maian agale janm mean gopiyoan ki charan raj se pavitr vrindavan ki lata, aushadh, jha di adi banooan." is prakar krishna ke prati brajavasiyoan ke prem ki sarahana karate hue tatha nandadi, gop tatha gopiyoan se krishna ke lie anek bheant lekar ve mathura laut aye.
puran ullekh
'shrimad bhagavat' ke atirikt gopal krishna ki lila ke viyog-paksh ka vistrit varnan any puranoan mean nahian milata. 'brahmavaivart' mean yadyapi uddhav ke braj bheje jane ka prasang aya hai [3], parantu is prasang mean bhi pray: ekantat: radha ki birah-vyakulata ki hi pradhanata hai. uddhav unhian ke prem se prabhavit hokar unhean santvana dene mean prayatnashil dikhaye gaye haian. ve radha ki mata-sadrish stuti karate haian. unaki moorchchha door karane ke upay karate haian aur ant mean unhean krishna ke milan ka ashvasan dekar mathura lautate haian tatha krishna ko shighr gokul jane ke lie prerit karate haian. 'brahm vaivart' mean viyog ke varnan bhi vilasonmukh haian. at: is prasang mean uddhav ke vyaktitv ki koee visheshata ubharati nahian dikhayi deti.
vidyapati dvara varnan
hindi krishna kavy ke pratham gayak vidyapati ne yadyapi birah ka vishad varnan kiya hai, parantu usamean uddhav ke prasang ko sthan nahian mila, keval ek-adha pad mean uddhav ka nam matr aya hai, jahaan birah-vihval radha ko iangit kar sakhi kahati hai- "he uddhav! too turant mathura ja aur kah ki chandravadani ab bachegi nahian. usaka vadh kise lagega?" is ek sandarbh se hi uddhav ke bhagavat se bhinn vyaktitv ki soochana milati hai. vastut: krishna-katha lok-vishrut roop mean uddhav krishna aur gopiyoan athava krishna aur radha ke bich prem sandesh-vahak rahe haian. hindi krishna bhakti kavy mean bhi unhean isi roop mean grahan kiya gaya, yadyapi hindi krishna bhakti kavy ka pradhan srot aur upajivy bhagavat hi tha.
sooradas ka uddhav sambandhi prasang
bhakt kaviyoan mean sooradas ne hi uddhav sambandhi prasang ka samyak roop se vistrit varnan kiya haian. unhoanne viyog ka marmik chitran karane ke sath is prasang ke madhyam se bhakti ke svat: poorn aikantik svaroop ko spasht karane tatha usaki mahatta pratipadit karane ke lie itar sadhanoan-vairagy, yog, jap-tap, karmakand adi ki hinata pramanit ki hai. apane is uddeshy ki poorti ke lie unhoanne uddhav ke vyaktitv ka jo navanirman kiya, vahi adyavadhi hindi krishna-kavy ki svikrit parampara mean surakshit hai.
soor ke uddhav svayan krishna ke shabdoan mean kath ki bhaanti nishthur, premabhajan se sarvatha shoony, advaitadarshi, 'nithur jogi jang' aur 'bhurang' sakha haian. ve nirgun ka vrat lie hue haian. krishna ko 'trigun tan' samajhate haian tatha brahm ko unase bhinn manate haian. yog ki batean karate haian tatha prem ki batean sunakar viparit bolate haian. ve atyant dambhi, pakhandi aur ahankari hai. krishna unhean sidhe marg par lane ke lie unaka advaitavadiyoan, nirgunavadiyoan, alakhavadi yogiyoan jaisa abhiman choor karake premabhakti mean dikshit karane ke uddeshy se hi chhal karake braj bhejate haian. braj ki gopiyaan unake 'jnan' ki dhajjiyaan u da deti haian tatha siddh kar deti haian ki prem mean shoony hone ke karan gambhir paandity ek durvah bojh ke sadrish hai. ve vastut: jnani nahian, mahamoorkh haian, kyoanki ve anapadh ganvar, gramin yuvatiyoan ko yog sikhane ka hasyaspad prayatn karane aye haian. sooradas ne apane samay ke bhakti-bahy sabhi matamatantaroan ke pratinidhitv ka dayitv uddhav par lad diya aur ant mean uddhav ko premabhakti ka yahaan tak sarmathak bana diya hai ki mathura lautakar ve svayan shrikrishna ki nishthurata ki alochana karane lagate haian tatha unase brajavasiyoan ke birah-du:kh door karane ki prarthana karate haian.
'shrimadbhagavat' ke uddhav ke vyaktiv ko pun: lok-vishrut krishna-katha ki or kianchit mo d dekar sooradas ne premadoot ke madhyam se jahaan ek or atyant vyanjanapoorn prem birah kavy ki rachana ki hai, vahian doosari or bhakti marg ki sarvashreshthata siddh karane mean anupam saphalata prapt ki hai. 'soorasagar' ke is prasang mean sadhe sat sau pad haian.
ashtachhap kaviyoan dvara sphut rachanaean
sooradas ke samakalin 'ashtachhap' ke any kaviyoan mean nandadas ko chho dakar sabhi ne soor ke hi adhar par uddhav sambandhi prasang par sphut rachana ki hai. at: unake dvara uddhav ke charitr-chitran mean koee navinata nahian milati. keval nandadas ne apane 'bhanvaragit' mean uddhav ko ek advait vedant ke sarmathak jnanamargi pandit ke roop mean upasthit kiya hai, jo n keval gopiyoan ki utkat prem-bhakti, balki unake pandityapoorn tarkoan ka loha manakar bhaktimarg mean dikshit ho jate haian. yadyapi krishna bhakti ke radhavallabhi sadrish kuchh sampradayoan mean birah ki mahatta nahian mani gayi hai aur jis karan uddhav sambandhi prasang unamean lokapriy nahian hua. phir bhi mukhyat: soor ke 'uddhav gopi sanvad' tatha 'bhramaragit' ka adhar lekar adhunik kal tak darjanoan rachanaean hueean aur unamean uddhav ka vyaktitv bahut kuchh soor ke uddhav ki hi bhaanti chitrit hua hai.
rasikoan mean lokapriy 'uddhav-gopi sanvad'
tulasidas ne bhi apani 'krishnagitavali' mean is prasang mean saras pad rache haian. sach to yah hai ki krishna bhakt kavi hi nahian, madhy kal se lekar adhunik kal tak brajabhasha ka aisa koee kavi n hoga, jisane is prasang par kuchh chhand n rache hoan. yah nirvivad saty hai ki brajabhasha kavy ka mukhy varny-vishay radha-krishna aur gopi krishna ki lila hi raha hai. is lila mean sabase adhik marmik, rasikoan mean lokapriy prasang 'uddhav-gopi sanvad' aur 'bhramaragit' hai. in sabhi kaviyoan mean uddhav ke tathakathit jnanamarg ki khilli u dane, uddhav ki moodhata pramanit karane tatha prem aur bhakti ki mahatta pratipadit karane mean paraspar pratisparddha si dekhi jati hai.
krishna se tattvajnan ka upadesh
bhagavan ne jab dvarakapuri ka nirman kiya, tab uddhav unake sath dvaraka aye. bhagavan shrikrishna inhean sadaiv apane sath rakhate the tatha rajyakary mean inase sahayog liya karate the. svadham padharane ke poorv bhagavan shrikrishna ne uddhav ko tattvajnan ka upadesh diya aur unhean 'badarikashram' jakar rahane ki ajna di. bhagavan ke svadham padharane par uddhav mathura aye. yahian unaki vidur se bheant huee. apane ek svaroop se bhagavan ke ajnanusar uddhav badarikashram chale gaye aur doosare sookshm roop se govardhan ke pas lata-gulmoan mean chhipakar nivas karane lage. maharshi shandily ke upadesh se vajranabh ne jab govardhan ke sannikat sankirtan-mahotsav kiya, tab uddhav lata-kuanjoan se prakat ho gaye. unhoanne shrikrishna ki raniyoan ko ek mahine tak 'shrimadbhagavat' ki katha sunayi tatha apane sath sabako nity vrajabhoomi mean le gaye. bhagavan shrikrishna ne kaha hai- "mere is lok se lila-sanvaran ke bad uddhav hi mere jnan ki raksha kareange. ve gunoan mean mujhase tanik bhi kam nahian haian. ve yahaan adhikariyoan ko upadesh karane ke liye raheange."
adhunik kaviyoan dvara chitran
adhunik kal mean jagannathadas 'ratnakar' ne 'uddhavashatak' mean bhakti aur riti kavy ki paramparaoan ka samanvay-sa karate hue uddhav ke vyaktitv mean sanvedanashilata ka kuchh adhik sannivesh kiya hai, vaise unake uddhav brajabhasha ke jane pahachane uddhav hi haian. kh diboli ke kavyoan 'priyapravas' (hariaudh) aur 'dvapar' (maithilisharan gupt) ke uddhav gopiyoan ke has-parihas ke alamban nahian banate. unake vyaktitv mean gambhirata payi jati hai. donoan kaviyoan ne unhean adhik sanvedanashil, vicharashil tatha buddhiman chitrit kiya hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sahayak granth-
- sooradas : brajeshvar varma,
- hindi mean bhramaragit kavy aur usaki parampara: da. snehalata shrivastav,
sanbandhit lekh
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