एकांकी

ekaanki sahity ki ek vidha hai. ek aank vale natakoan ko ekaanki kahate haian. aangrezi ke 'van aikt ple' shabd ke lie hiandi mean 'ekaanki natak' aur 'ekaanki' donoan hi shabdoan ka saman roop se vyavahar hota hai.

itihas

hiandi sahity ke itihasakar ekaanki ka praranbh bharatendu yug se manate haian. jayashankar prasad ke 'ek ghooant' (1929ee.) se doosara charan, bhuvaneshvar prasad ke 'karavaan' (1935 ee.) se tisara tatha d aau. ramakumar varma ke 'reshami taee' (1941 ee.) sankalan se chauthe charan ki shurooat kahi gee hai. kiantu ukt kalavibhajan mean un ekaankikaroan ko sammilit nahian kiya gaya hai, jinhoanne 1955 ee. ke asapas likhana praranbh kiya hai aur aj bhi likh rahe haian.

hiandi ekaanki ka vikas

[[chitr:Ram-kumar-verma.jpg|thumb|d aau. ramakumar varma]] hiandi ki laghu naty paranpara ko ek naya mo d dene vale d aau. ramakumar varma adhunik hiandi sahity mean ‘ekaanki samrath’ ke roop mean samadrit haian. unhoanne hiandi natak ko ek naya sanrachanatmak adarsh sauanpa. naty kala ke vikas ki sanbhavanaoan ke ne pat kholate hue naty sahity ko jan jivan ke nikat pahuancha diya. natakakar aur kavi ke sath-sath unhoanne samikshak, adhyapak tatha hiandi sahityetihas-lekhak ke roop mean bhi hiandi sahity-srijan mean apani mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. natakakar ke roop mean unhoanne manovijnan ke anekanek staroan par manav-jivan ki vividh sanvedanaoan ko svar diya to chhaya vadi kaviyoan ki katar mean kh de hokar rahasy aur adhyatm ki prishthabhoomi mean apane kavyatmak sanskaroan ko vikasit kar rahasyamayi jagath ke svapnoan mean sahriday ko pravesh karaya. d aau. varma ke sahityik vyaktitv ko natakakar aur kavi ke roop mean adhik pramukhata mili sanh 1930 mean rachit ’badal ki mrityu’ unaka pahala ekaanki hai, jo pheantesi ke roop mean atyant lokapriy hua. bharatiy atma aur pashchaty takanik ke samanvay se unhoanne hiandi ekaanki kala ko nikhar diya. unhoanne aitihasik aur samajik do tarah ke ekaanki natakoan ki srishti ki. aitihasik natakoan mean unhoanne bharatiy itihas se svarnim prishthoan se natakoan ki vishay-vastu ko grahan kar charitroan ki aisi sudridh roop rekha prastut ki jo pathakoan mean uchch charitrik sanskar bhar sake aur samayik jivan ki samasyaoan ko samadhan ki disha de sake. unake natak bharatiy sanskriti aur rashtriy udbodhan ke svar bakhoobi samete hue haian. garv ke sath ve kahate haian, ’aitihasik ekaankiyoan mean bharatiy sanskriti ka merudand-naitik moolyoan mean astha aur vishvas ka drishtikon prastut kiya gaya hai.’ unake samajik ekaanki prem aur seks ki samasyaoan se sanbandhit haian. ye ekaanki manasik aantardvand ki adhar bhoomi par yatharthavadi kalevar mean samaj aur jivan ki vastu-sthiti tak pahuanchate haian. par in ekaankiyoan mean lekhak ki adarshavadi soch itani gahari hai ki ve adarshavadi jhoank mean yatharth ko manamana natakiy mo d de baithate haian. isalie unake stri patr shiksha aur ne sanskaroan ke bavajood prem aur jivan ke sangharsh mean jivan ka moh tyagakar prem ke lie utsarg kar baithate haian mano utsarg ya pranaant hi sachche prem ki kasauti ho. adhunik patroan par bhi lekhak ne apani adarshavadi soch ko thop diya hai.

ekaanki ek aank ka natak. aangreji ke 'van aikt ple' shabd ke lie hiandi mean 'ekaanki natak' aur 'ekaanki' donoan hi shabdoan ka saman roop se vyavahar hota hai.

pashchim mean ekaanki 20 vian shatabdi mean, visheshat: pratham mahayuddh ke bad, atyant prachalit aur lokapriy hua. hiandi aur any bharatiy bhashaoan mean usaka vyapak prachalan is shatabdi ke chauthe dashak mean hua.

isaka yah arth nahian ki ekaanki sahity ki sarvatha abhijatyahin vidha hai. poorv aur pashchim donoan ke naty sahity mean usake nikatavarti roop milate haian. saskriant natyashastr mean nayak ke charit, itivritt, ras adi ke adhar par roopakoan aur uparoopakoan ke jo bhed kie ge unamean se anek ko d aau. kith ne ekaanki natak kaha hai. is prakar 'dasharoopak' aur 'sahityadarpan' mean varnit vyayog, prahasan, bhag, vithi, natika, goshthi, sattak, natayarasak, prakashika, ullapy, kavy preankhan, shrigadit, vilasika, prakaranika, hallish adi roopakoan aur uparoopakoan ko adhunik ekaanki ke nikat sanbandhi kahana anuchit n hoga. 'sahityadarpan mean 'ekaank' shabd ka prayog bhi hua hai :

bhan : syadh dhoortacharito nanavasthaantaratmak :.

ekaank ek evatr nipun : pandito vit:..

aur

khyatetivritto vyayog: svalpastrijanasanyut:.

hino garbhavimarshabhyaan narairbahubhirashrit:..

ekaankakashch bhaveth‌...

pashchim ke natyasahity mean adhunik ekaanki ka sabase praranbhik aur avikasit kiantu nikatavarti roop 'iantaralyood' hai. 15vian aur 16vian shatabdiyoan mean prachalit sadachar aur naitik shikshapoorn aangreji morailiti natakoan ke kore upadesh se paida huee oob ko door karane ke lie prahasanapoorn aansh bhi jo d die jate haian. aise hi khand iantaralyood kahe jate the. kramash: ye morailiti natakoan se svatantr ho ge aur aant mean unaki parinati vyangy-vinod-pradhan tin patroan ke chhote natakoan mean huee.

'karten rezar' ya patonnayak kaha janevala ekaanki, jisaki tulana sanskrit natakoan ke arthopakshepak ya prekshanak se ki ja sakati hai, pashchim mean adhunik ekaankiyoan ka nikatatam poorvavarti tha. ratri mean der se khana khane ke bad rangashalaoan mean anevale sanbhraant samajikoan ke karan samay se anevale sadharan samajikoan ko b di asuvidha hoti thi. rangashalaoan ke malikoan ne is bich sadharan samajikoan ko manoranjan mean vyast rakhane ke lie dvipatriy prahasanapoorn sanvad prastut karana shuroo kiya. is prakar ke svatantr sanvad ko hi 'karten rezar' kaha jata tha. isamean kathanak evan jivan ke yatharth aur natakiy dvandv ka abhav rahata tha. bad mean 'karten rezar' ke sthan par yatharth jivan ko lekar sugathit kathanak aur natakiy dvandvavale chhote natak prastut kie jane lage. inake vikas ka agala kadam adhunik ekaanki tha.

ekaanki itana lokapriy ho utha ki b de natakoan ki raksha karane ke lie vyavasayik rangashalaoan ne use apane yahaan se nikalana shuroo kiya. lekin usamean prayog aur vikas ki sanbhavanaoan ko dekhakar pashchim ke kee deshoan mean avyavasayik aur prayogatmak rangamanchiy aandolanoan ne use apana liya. landan, peris, barlin, dablin, shikago, nyooyark adi ne is ne dhang ke natak aur usake rangamanch ko age badhaya. isake atirikt ekaanki natak ko pashchim ke anek mahanh‌ ya sammanit lekhakoan ka bal mila. aise lekhakoan mean roos ke chekhav, gorki aur ekarinov, phraans ke jiraudo, sartr aur enail, jarmani ke talar aur brekht, itali ke piraiandeli tatha ianglaiand, ayaralaiand aur amarika ke askar vaild, galsavardi, je.em.bairi, lard danasaini, sianj, shiaan o' kesi, yoojin o'nil, noel kavard, ti.es.iliyat, kristofar phraee, graiham grin, milar adi ke nam ullekhaniy haian. rangamanchiy aandolanoan aur in lekhakoan ke sammilit evan adamy prayogatmak sahas aur utsah ke phalasvaroop adhunik ekaanki sarvatha nee, svatantr aur suspasht vidha ke roop mean pratishthit hua. unaki kritiyoan ke adhar par ekaanki natakoan ki samany visheshataoan ka adhyayan kiya ja sakata hai.

rachanavidhan-satah par hi b de natakoan aur ekaankiyoan ka akaragat aantar spasht ho jata hai. ekaanki natak sadharanat: 20 se lekar 30 minat mean pradarshit kie ja sakate haian, jabaki tin, char ya paanch aankoanvale natakoan ke pradarshan mean kee ghante lagate haian. lekin b de natakoan aur ekaankiyoan ka adharabhoot aantar akaratmak n hokar rachanatmak hai. pashchim ke tin se lekar paanch aankoanvale natakoan mean do ya do se adhik kathanakoan ko gooanth diya jata tha. is prakar unamean ek pradhan kathanak aur ek ya kee upakathanak hote the. sanskrit natakoan mean bhi aise upakathanak hote the. aise natakoan mean sthan ya drishy, kal aur ghatanakram mean anavarat parivartan svabhavik tha. lekin ekaanki mean yah sanbhav nahian. ekaanki kisi ek natakiy ghatana ya manasik sthiti par adharit hota hai aur prabhav ki ekagrata usaka mukhy lakshy hai. isalie ekaanki mean sthan, samay aur ghatana ka sankalanatray anivary sa mana gaya hai. kahani aur git ki tarah ekaanki ki kala ghanatv ya ekagrata aur mitavyayata ki kala hai, jisamean kam se kam upakaranoan ke sahare jyada se jyada prabhav utpann kiya jata hai. ekaanki ke kathanak ka pariprekshy atyant sankuchit hota hai, ek hi mukhy ghatana hoti hai, ek hi mukhy charitr hota hai, ek charamotkarsh hota hai. lanbe bhashanoan aur vistrit vyakhyaoan ki jagah usamean sanvadalaghav hota hai. b de natak aur ekaanki ka gunatmak bhed isi se spasht ho jata hai ki b de natak ke kalevar ko kat chhaantakar ekaanki ki rachana nahian ki ja sakati, jis tarah ekaanki ke kalevar ko khianch tanakar b de natak ki rachana nahian ki ja sakati.

sanskrit natyashastr ke anusar b de natak ke kathanak ke vikas ki paanch sthitiyaan mani gee haian : aranbh, prayatn, praptyasha, niyatapti aur phalagam. pashchim ke natyashastr mean bhi inhian se bahut kuchh milati julati sthitiyoan ka ullekh hai : aranbh ya bhoomika, charitroan aur ghatanaoan ke ghat pratighat ya dvandv se kathanak ka charamotkarsh ki or aroh, charamotkarsh, avaroh aur aant. pashchim ke natakashastr mean dvandv par bahut jor diya gaya hai. vastut: natak dvandv ki kala hai; katha mean charitroan aur ghatanaoan ke kramik vikas ki jagah b de natak mean kuchh charitroan ke jivan ke dvandvoan ko udghatit kar kathanak ko charamotkarsh par pahuanchaya jata hai. ekaanki mean is charamotkarsh ki dhuri keval ek dvandv hota hai. b de natak ke kathanak mean dvandvoan ka vikas kaphi dhima ho sakata hai, jisamean sari ghatanaean rangamanch par prastut hoti haian, ya us ghatana se kuchh hi poorv hota hai jo b de veg se dvandv ko charamotkarsh par pahuancha deti hai. aksar yahi charamotkarsh ekaanki ka aant hota hai. jivan ki samasyaoan ke yatharthavadi aur manovaijnanik chitran ke atirikt rachanavidhan ki yah visheshata adhunik ekaanki ko sanskrit aur pashchimi naty sahity mean usake nikatavarti roopoan se prithakh‌ karati hai.

aksar abhinay ke lie kahaniyoan ke roopaantar se yah bhram paida hota hai ki ekaanki kahani ka abhiney roop hai. lekin rachanavidhan mean ghanatv aur mitavyayata ki adharabhoot samanata ke bavajood kahani aur ekaanki mean shilpagat bhed hai. rangamanch ki vastu hone ke karan ekaanki mean abhinay aur kathopakathan ka mahatv sabase jyada hai. inhian ke madhyam se ekaanki charitrachitran, kathanak aur usake dvandv, vatavaran aur ghatanaoan ke anubandh ka nirman karata hai. kahani ki tarah ekaanki varnan ka ashray nahian le sakata. lekin abhinay ki ek mudra kahani ke lanbe varnan se adhik prabhavashali ho sakati hai. isalie rangamanch ekaanki ki sima aur shakti donoan hai. isaki pahachan n hone ke karan anek saphal kahanikar asaphal ekaankikar rah jate haian.

isi prakar kisi vishay par rochak sanbhashan ya kathopakathan ko ekaanki samajhana bhramamatr hai. jivan ke yatharth, ghatana ya kathanak, charitroan ke dvandv, sankalanatray ityadi ke abhav mean sanbhashan keval sanbhashan rah jata hai, use ekaanki ki sanjna nahian di ja sakati.

ekaanki ki adbhut sanbhavanaoan ke karan adhunik kal mean usaka vikas anek dishaoan mean hua hai. rediyo roopak, sangit tatha kavyaroopak aur monolog ya svagat naty in nee dishaoan ki kuchh mahatvapoorn upalabdhiyaan haian. rediyo ke madhyam se in sabake kshetr mean nirantar prayog ho rahe haian. rangamanch, sadeh abhinetaoan aur abhinetriyoan, unake abhinay aur mudraoan ke abhav mean rediyo roopak ko shabd aur unaki dhvani tatha chitratmak shakti ka adhik se adhik upayog karana p data hai. moort upakaranoan ka abhav rediyo roopak ke lie sarvatha badha hi nahian, kyoanki shabd aur dhvani ko unake moort adharoan se prithakh‌ kar natakakar shrotaoan ke dhyan ko charitroan ke aantarik dvandvoan par keandrit kar sakata hai. rediyo roopak mushkil se 50 varsh purana roop hai. praranbhik avastha mean isamean kisi kahani ko anek vyaktiyoan ke svaroan mean prastut kiya jata tha aur rangamanch ka bhram utpann karane ke lie patroan ki akritiyoan, veshabhoosha, saj sajja, ruchiyoan ityadi ke vistrit varnan se yatharth vatavaran ke nirman ka prayatn kiya jata tha. amarika, jarmani, ianglaiand adi pashchimi deshoan mean rediyo ekaanki ke prayogoan ne usake roop ko vikasit kiya aur nikhara. rediyo ke lie kee prasiddh amariki aur aangrej kaviyoan ne kavyaroopak likhe. unamean maiklish, stifen vianseant bene, karl, saiandavarg, tairom gthruai, looee maikanis, saikavil vest, paitrik dikiansan, dilan tamas adi ke nam ullekhaniy haian. in prayogoan se prerana grahan kar hiandi aur any bharatiy bhashaoan ke ekaankikaroan ne bhi rediyo roopak, gitinaty aur kavyaroopak prastut kie haian. par inamean abhi anek trutiyaan haian.

hiandi ekaanki ka itihas : hiandi sahity ke itihasakar ekaanki ka praranbh bharateanduyug se manate haian. prasad ke 'ek ghooant' (1929 ee.) se doosara charan, bhuvaneshvaraprasad ke 'karavaan' (1935 ee.) se tisara tatha d aau. ramakumar varma ke 'reshami taee' (1941 ee.) sankalan se chauthe charan ki shurooat kahi gee hai. kiantu ukt kalavibhajan mean un ekaankikaroan ko sammilit nahian kiya gaya hai, jinhoanne 1955 ee. ke asapas likhana praranbh kiya hai aur aj bhi likh rahe haian. at: hiandi ekaanki ka adyatan itihas sankshep mean is prakar hai :

(1) bharateandukal mean do prakar ke ekaanki likhe ge. pratham, anoodit ya chhayaankit ekaanki tatha dvitiy, maulik ekaanki. pahali koti mean bharateandu ka bॅgala ke 'bharatamata' ka anuvad 'bharat janani'; radhacharan gosvami dvara bangala ke 'bharater yavan' ka anuvad 'bharatavarsh mean yavan log', kaanchanachary krit 'dhananjay vijay' ka chhayavisht roopak, ayodhyasihan upadhyay ka 'pradyumnavijay vyayog' adi haian. doosari koti mean bharateandukrit 'vishasyavishamaushadhamh‌', 'premajogini' (apoorn), gitiroopak 'niladevi' tatha 'satipratap' (apoorn); radhacharan gosvami krit 'tanamanadhan gosaee ke arapan', 'sati chandravali', 'amarasianh rathaur', evan 'shridama'; kishorilal gosvami ka 'chaupat chapet'; radhakrishnadas ka 'du:khinibala'; aanbikadatt vyas rachit 'kaliyug aur ghi' tatha 'man ki umang'; shrisharan ka 'balavivah'; balkrishna bhatt ke 'kaliraj ki sabha', 'rel ka vikat khel' tatha 'bal vivah'; pratapanarayan mishr ka 'kalikautuk'; devakinandan tripathi krit 'jay narasianh ki'; kashinath khatri ke 'siandhu desh ki rajakumariyaan', gunnaur ki rani' evan 'lajabo ka svapn'; lala shrinivasadas ka 'prahlad charit'; badarinarayan premaghan ka 'prayag ramagaman'; krishnasharan sianh gopakrit 'madhuri' adi ekaanki ate haian.

aitihasik akhyan tatha samajasudhar ke prasang hi uparyukt ekaankiyoan ke vishay haian. inhean adhunik ekaanki ka praanrabhik roop kaha ja sakata hai. kala ka vikasit roop inamean nahian milata; shailiyaan paraspar kuchh bhinn haian par paranpara ek hi hai. ukt ekaanki abhiney ki apeksha pathay adhik haian. lekhakoan ka jhukav jivan ki sthoolata ka varnan karane ki or hai; vrittiyoan ki sookshm vivritti inamean nahian milati. prarochana, prastavana, sootradhar, naandi, mangalacharan, ekadhik drishyayojana, bharatavaky adi ke prayog kahian haian, kahian nahian bhi haian. akar sarvatr lanbe haian, aank bhi drishy aur drishy bhi garbhak jaise ho ge haian. sankalanatray ke nirvah ka abhav hai, shithil sanvadoan ka bahuly evan vikas tatha vinyasahin kathayojana ka adhiky hai. inamean se kuchh prahasan ke roop mean likhe ge haian, par unamean nirmal hasy n hokar vyangy ki matra hi adhik hai. ekaanki ke lie apekshit pramukh gun kary (aikshan) ka inamean abhav hai.

(2) ekaanki ke doosare yug mean jayashankar prasad ka 'ek ghooant' likha gaya jisapar sanskrit ka bhi prabhav hai aur bangala ke madhyam se ae pashchaty ekaanki shilp ka bhi. prasad ji ne isi bich 'kalyani parinay' bhi likha, par vah abhi tak aprakashit hai. sath hi , ise unake 'chadrangupt' natak ka ek bhag bhi kaha ja sakata hai. phraansisi natakakar moliyar ke kuchh prahasanoan ka bhi is dauran hiandi mean anuvad hua. 'ek ghooant' mean ekaanki ke kamobesh lagabhag sabhi adhunik lakshan mil jate haian. vivah samasya ka vivechan evan samadhan bhavukatapoorn shaili mean kiya gaya hai. parantu 'ek ghooant' ek hi rah gaya; any lekhakoan ko yah ekaanki lekhan ki or pravritt n kar saka.

(3) ekaanki ka tisara charan bhuvaneshvaprasad ke 'karavaan' sangrah se shuroo hota hai jisamean chhah ekaanki haian. 1938 ee mean 'hans' ka ekaanki aank prakashit hua. isamean tatkalin pratinidhi ekaanki prastut kie ge. isi bich satyeandr ka 'kunal', prithvinath sharma ka 'duvidha', ramakumar varma ka 'prithviraj ki aankhean'; sooryasharan parik ka 'bailavan ya pratijnapoorti' adi prakashit hue. udayashankar bhatt, seth goviandadas prabhriti ekaankikar bhi isi kal mean ekaanki lekhan ki or pravritt hue aur unake kee sashakt ekaanki prakash mean ae.

is yug mean prakhyat aur utpady donoan prakar ke kathanakoan ko lekar ekaanki likhe ge. inamean vivahadi samajik tatha samyavadadi rajanitik samasyaean pramukh roop se ubhari haian. prachin vicharadhara ki vakalat joradar shabdoan mean ki gee hai, parantu isake sath navin ko apanane ka agrah bhi spasht dikhaee p data hai. pashchimi vichar or shaili ke prabhav ko lekar ekaanki ne apane roop rang mean paryapt parivartan kiya aur isaki takanik mean yatkianchith‌ sthirata aee. dekha jae, to yah kal ekaanki vidha ka parimarjan kal tha. lekhakoan ne is samay ka sadupayog kar apane hath sadhe. sanh‌ 1935 ee. se rediyo prasaranoan ke aantargat ekaankiyoan ko bhi sthan diya jane laga tha, at: rediyo ekaanki athava dhvaninatak bhi kaphi sankhya mean likhe jane lage.

(4) chaturth charan tak pahuanchate-pahuanchate ekaanki ka svaroop, shilp adi poori tarah sthir ho jate haian, unaka pramanik roop samane ata hai. isase pahale to vah apana sahi roop talashane mean laga tha. d aau. ramakumar varma ke 'reshami taee' ekaankisangrah se is yug ka sootrapat hua, yah pahale hi bataya ja chuka hai. isake atirikt varma ji ke 'aiktres', 'rajani ki rat', 'ek tole aphim ki kimat', 'pariksha', 'nahian ka rahasy', 'kahaan se kahaan', 'charumitra', 'das minat' adi ekaanki prasiddh haian. paha di ka 'yug yug dvara shaktipooja'; bhuvaneshvar ke 'shaitan', 'straik', 'asar', 'taanbe ke ki de'; bhagavaticharan varma ke 'sandeh ka aant', 'do kalakar', 'sabase b da adami'; upeandranath ashk krit 'joank', 'samajhauta', 'gh di', 'chhatha beta', 'lakshmi ka svagat', 'vibha', 'tauliye', 'adimarg'; udayashankar bhatt ke 'do atithi', 'var nirvachan', 'muanshi anokhelal', 'asali nakali', 'neta', 'seth bhalachand', 'manumanav', 'adim yug'; seth goviandadas rachit 'viteman', 'adhikar lipsa', 'vah mara kyoan', 'hangar straik', 'kangal nahian', 'eed aur holi'; paandey bechan sharma ugr ke 'ram kare so hoy', 'miyaan bhaee', 'aphajal vadh'; vriandavanalal varma krit 'pile hath', 'sagun' 'jahaandar shah', 'kashmir ka kaanta', 'manav'; es.pi. khatri ke 'chauraha', 'maan', 'machhue ki maan', 'thakur ka ghar', 'bandar ki khop di'; vishnu prabhakar ke 'maan ka hriday', 'sanskar aur bhavana', 'raktachandan', 'maan bap'; jagadishachandr mathur ke 'bhor ka tara', 'ridh ki haddi', mak di ka jala', 'kaliangavijay', 'khandahar'; lakshminarayan mishr ka 'ek din'; sadgurusharan avasthi ke 'mudrika', 'kalivadh'; ganeshaprasad dvivedi ke 'sohag ki biandi', 'doosara upay hi kya hai', 'sharma ji', 'sarvasv samarpan' adi pramukh ekaanki isi kal ki den haian.

is yug ke ekaanki svatantr evan sachesht bhav se likhe ge haian. at: vishay ki apeksha shilp unamean vishesh hai. bauddhik utsukata, manasik vishleshan, aantardvandv ki abhivyakti, hasy tatha chutile vyangy, sanvadoan ki kasavat, marmik sthaloan ka chayan, yatharth prastutikaran ke prati agrah, manovaijnanik karyavyavahar, pady ka lagabhag abhav, samany nayak ki svikriti, rangasanket adi uttarottar badhate ge haian. yug ki vibhinn evan vividh abhiruchiyoan ke anusar is samay ke ekaankiyoan ke vishay bhi anek rahe haian, jinamean prem, vivah, ghrina, kroorata, hatya, pauranik akhyan, lokagathatmak evan lokavishrut viroan tatha rajaoan ke krity, samajik kuritiyaan, vargasangharsh, deshabhakti, hiandu-musalaman-bhratritv, satyagrah, yaunakarshan adi pramukh haian. dhvani natak bhi is bich adhik sankhya mean likhe ge haian.

(5) hiandi ekaanki paanchavaan athava aantim charan ekaanki ki vividh vidhaoan ko lekar praranbh hota hai jinamean manch evan dhvani ekaanki ke alava 'open eyar ekaanki', 'chitr ekaki' (telivijan par dikhae janevale) 'gali ekaanki' adishshsammilit kie ja sakate haian. d aau. lakshminarayan krit 'basant rritu ka natak', 'mammi thakurain', 'rajarani'; devaraj dinesh ke 'samasya sulajh gee', 'tulasidas', 'rishvat ke anek dhang'; jayanath nalin rachit 'bhaktoan ki dinata'; satyeandr sharath‌ krit 'navajoti ki nee hiroin'; vinod rastogi ka 'bahoo ki vida'; chiranjit ke 'chakravyooh' 'dhol ki pol', (dhvani natak), paanch prahasan' (sankalan); revatisharan sharma krit 'talak'; vimala loothara ka 'apana ghar'; jnanadev agnihotri ka 'rotivali gali'; krishnakishor shrivastav ke 'satyakiran', 'machhali ke aansoo', 'astin ke saanp'; iandushekhar ka 'mahalle ki abaroo'; svaminath krit aee.e.es.'; rajeandrakumar sharma ke 'parda uthane se pahale', 'ret ki divar', 'ataichi kes', arun rachit 'relaga di ke dibbe', 'bhor ki kiranean'; shrikrishna krit 'maan ji', 'tarakash ke tir'; mukta shukl ke 'parde aur parachhaiyaan'; 'bhitari chhaya', kumar rajeandr krit 'adamakhor' (open eyar ekaanki); kanchanakumar likhit 'sooar ba de ka jamadar' (gali ekaanki) adi is kheve ki pramukh rachanaean haian.

is kal mean kuchh bemani (aibsard) ekaanki bhi likhe ge haian jinamean satyadev dube krit 'tho di der pahale aur tho di der bad'; dharmachandr jain ka 'cheharoan ke chehare'; mohan rakesh ka bij natak 'shayad' adi ullekhy haian. d aau. lakshminarayan lal, mohan rakesh, vishnu prabhakar, gangadhar shukl, vinod rastogi, upeandranath ashk, kamaleshvar tatha manahar chauhan ne idhar bahut se chitrekaanki bhi prastut kie haian.

paanchavean charan ke ekaankiyoan mean ya to pashchaty rachanaprakriya ko kathorata ke sath grahan kiya gaya hai athava usamean pratibha aur buddhi se ne vastuvidhan, nee abhivyanjana dvara maulik roop ka nirman kar liya gaya hai. gitoan ka inamean ekaant abhav hai, prakash ka jamakar upayog kiya gaya hai, jisamean pardo ki jaroorat bahut kuchh samapt ho gee hai. sanvad atyant kase hue tatha chutile haian. jivan ke ne dhang, usaki ashaoan, nirashaoan, chhoti chhoti samasyaoan tatha prati din ki samany ghatanaoan ko lekar ye ekaanki rache ge haian. chitr ekaankiyoan ne 'aut-dor-hinata' ko to da hai. isamean ab paha di nadi ki chanchalata, s dakoan par bhagati karean, samudr mean chalate yan, akash mean shatruvimanoan se joojhate 'nait' adi dikhae jate haian. gali ekaanki ne manch ko to da hai to bemani ekaankiyoan ne darshakoan ko hi manchapar lakar kh da kar diya hai.

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