एकेश्वरवाद

shabdik arth

vah siddhaant jisamean ek eeshvar ko hi sansar ka srijan aur niyaman karane vali sarvochch shakti mana jata hai, yah siddhaant ki is jagath ka karta-dharta aur sabaka upasy ek hi eeshvar hai. ekeshvaravad se abhipray: hai ki, bahut-se devataoan ki apeksha ek hi eeshvar ko manana. is dharmik athava darshanik vad ke anusar koee ek satta hai, jo vishv ka sarjan aur niyantran karati hai, jo nity jnan aur anand ka ashray hai, jo poorn aur sabhi gunoan ka agar hai aur jo sabaka dhyanakendr aur aradhy hai.

ekeshvaravad ka uday

yadyapi vishv ke mool mean rahane vali satta ke vishay mean kee bharatiyavad haian, jinamean ekatvavad aur advaitavad bahut prasiddh haian. tathapi ekeshvaravad ka uday bharat mean, rrigvaidik kal se hi paya jata hai. adhikaansh yooropavasi prachyavid, jo bharatiy daivatatattv ko samajhane mean asamarth haian aur jinako ek-anek mean barabar virodh hi dikhaee p data hai, rrigved ke siddhant ko bahudevavadi manate haian. bharatiy vicharadhara ke anusar vividh devata ek hi dev ke vividh roop haian. at: chahe jis dev ki upasana ki jae vah ant mean jakar ek hi dev ko arpit hoti hai. rrigved mean varun, indr, vishnu, virath purush, prajapati adi ka yahi rahasy batalaya gaya hai.

praman

upanishadoan mean advaitavad ke roop mean ekeshvaravad ka varnan paya jata hai. upanishadoan ka sagun brahma hi eeshvar hai, yadyapi usaki satta vyavaharik mani gee hai, paramarthik nahian. mahabharat mean (vishesh kar bhagavadagita mean) eeshvaravad ka sundar vivechan paya jata hai. shaddarshanoan mean nyay, vaisheshik, yog aur vedant ekeshvarasiddhant ka pratipadan karate haian. puranoan mean to eeshvar ke astitv ka hi nahian, kintu usaki bhakti, sadhana aur pooja ka aparimit vikas hua. visheshakar vishnupuran aur shrimadabhagavat eeshvaravad ke prabal puraskarta haian. vaishnav, shaiv tatha shakt sampradayoan mean bhi ekeshvaravad ki pradhanata rahi hai. is prakar rrigvedakal se lekar aj tak bharat mean ekeshvaravad pratishthit hai.

ekeshvaravad ke roop

vyavaharik jivan mean ekeshvaravad ki pradhanata hote hue bhi paramarthik aur adhyatmik anubhooti ki drishti se isaka paryavasan advaitavad mean hota hai-advaitavad arthath manav ke vyaktitv ka vishvatma mean poorn vilay. jagatik sambandh se ekeshvaravad ke kee roop haian, jo nimn haian-

1. sarveshvaravad - isaka arth yah hai ki jagath mean jo kuchh bhi hai, vah eeshvar hi hai aur eeshvar sampoorn jagath mean ot-prot hai. rrigved ke purushasookt mean sarveshvaravad ka ek roopak ke madhyam se vishad varnan hai. upanishadoan mean sarv khalvidan brahm neh nanasti kianchan, bhi isi siddhant ka pratipadan hai. parantu bharatiy sarveshvaravad pashchamy ‘painathiijm’ nahian hai. painathiijm mean eeshvar apane ko jagath mean samapt kar deta hai. bharatiy sarveshvar jagath ko apane ek aansh se vyapt kar anant vistar mean usaka atirek kar jata hai. vah antaryami aur atireki donoan hai.
2. eeshvar karanatavad - isake anusar eeshvar jagath ka nimitt karan hai. jagath ka upadan karan prakriti hai. eeshvar jagath ki srishti karake usase alag ho jata hai aur jagath apani karmashriankhala se chalata rahata hai. nyay aur vaisheshik darshan isi bat ko manate haian.
3. shuddh eeshvaravad - isake anusar eeshvar sarveshvar aur brahma ke svaroop ko bhi apane mean atmasat kar leta hai. vah sarvatr vyapt, antaryami tatha atireki aur jagath ka karta-dharta, sanharta, jagath ka sarvasv aur aradhy hai. isi ko shrimadabhagavat vaishnav tatha shaiv bhakt isi eeshvaravad mean vishvas karate haian. sagunopasak vaishnav tatha shaiv bhakt isi eeshvaravad mean vishvas karate haian.
4. yogeshvaravad - isake anusar eeshvar vah purush hai, jo karm, karmaphal tatha karmashay (karmaphal ke sanskar) se mukt rahata hai. usamean aishvary aur jnan ki parakashtha hoti hai, jo manav ka adi guru aur guruoan ka bhi guru hai. yogasootr ki bhojavritti ke anusar eeshvar yogiyoan ka sahayak hai. unaki sadhana ke marg mean jo bighn badha upasthit hoti haian, unhean vah door karata hai aur unaki samadhi siddhi mean sahayata karata hai. tarak jnan ka vahi data hai. parantu is vad mean eeshvar jagath ka karta nahian aur n prakriti aur purushoan mean sarvatr vyapt, vah keval upadeshta aur guru hai.

udayanachary ke praman

ekeshvaravad mean eeshvarakaranatavad (eeshvar jagath ka nimitt karan hai) ke samarthan mean naiyayikoan ne bahut se praman prastut kie haian. udayanachary ne jo praman die haian, unamean tin mukhy haian-

• pratham hai, ‘jagat ki karyata’. isaka arth yah hai ki jagath kary hai, at: isaka koee n koee karan hona chahie aur use kary-karan-shriankhala se pare hona chahie. vah hai eeshvar.
• doosara praman hai ‘jagat ka ayojanatv’, arthath jagath ke sampoorn karyoan mean ek kram athava yojana dikhaee p dati hai. yah yojana j d se nahian utpann ho sakati. isaki sanyojak koee chetan satta honi chahie. vah satta eeshvar ke atirikt doosari nahian ho sakati.
• tisara praman hai ‘karm aur karmaphal ka sambandh’, arthath donoan mean ek prakar ka naitik sambandh. is naitik sambandh ka koee vidhayak hona chahie. ek sthayi niyanta ki kalpana ke bina is vyavastha ka nirvah nahian ho sakata. yah niyanta eeshvar hi ho sakata hai.

eeshvar ki siddhi

yogasootr mean eeshvar ki siddhi ke lie ek aur praman milata hai, vah hai srishti mean jnan ka taratamy (anek praniyoan mean jnan ki nyoonadhik matra). is jnan ki kahian n kahian parakashtha honi chahie. vah eeshvar mean hi sambhav hai. sabase b da praman hai, sant aur mahatmaoan, rrishi-muniyoan ka sakshath anubhav, jinhoanne svat: eeshvaranubhooti ki hai. hi atmanishth hona hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tirachha path

tika tippani aur sandarbh

pandey, d aau. rajabali hindoo dharmakosh (hindi). bharatadiskavari pustakalay: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan, lakhanoo, prishth san 142.