एम. ए. अय्यंगार
em. e. ayyangar
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| poora nam | madabhooshi anantashayanamh ayyangar |
| janm | 4 faravari, 1891 |
| janm bhoomi | tirupati, aandhr pradesh |
| mrityu | 19 march, 1978 |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | bharatiy rashtriy kaangres |
| pad | lokasabha adhyaksh aur bihar ke rajyapal |
| shiksha | kala snatak, vakalat (madras l aau kalej) |
| lokasabha adhyaksh karyakal | 8 march, 1956 - 16 aprॅl, 1962 |
| any janakari | ek telugoo saptahik patrika 'shri veankatesh patrika' ke niyamit sampadan ke alava ayyangar ne bharatiy sansad par "avar parliyameant" namak pustak bhi likhi. |
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madabhooshi anantashayanamh ayyangar (aangrezi: Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar, janm: 4 faravari, 1891, mrityu: 19 march, 1978) bharat ke doosare lokasabha adhyaksh the. lokasabha ke pratham adhyaksh ji.vi. mavalankar ke akasmik nidhan se paida huee riktata ko bharane ke lie adhyaksh pad ka dayitv grahan karake madabhooshi anantashayanamh ayyangar ne svatantrata ki upalabdhiyoan tatha nav ganatantr mean svasth sansadiy sanskriti ko vikasit karane ke adhoore kary ko age badhane ke lie apane apako sarvopayukt siddh kiya. ayyangar ne chhah dashak ke apane sarvajanik jivan mean, ek vakil, samajik karyakartta tatha svatantrata senani ke roop mean, utkrisht saansad tatha lok sabha adhyaksh aur ek pratishthit vidvanh ke roop mean, jivan mean jis bhi karyakshetr ko chuna usamean apane vyaktitv ki amit chhap chho di. ye bihar ke rajyapal bhi rahe.
jivan parichay
madabhooshi anantashayanamh ayyangar ka janm 4 faravari, 1891 ko aandhr pradesh ki adhyatmik nagari tirupati ke nikat tiruchanur mean hua tha. devasthanam haee skool, tiroopati mean apani praranbhik shiksha poori karane ke pashchath ayyangar uchch shiksha ke lie madras chale ge. pachayappaj k aaulej, madras se kala snatak ki upadhi prapt karane ke bad unhoanne 1913 mean 'madras l aau k aaulej' se qanoon mean digri prapt ki.
aranbhik jivan
ayyangar ne apana jivan ganit ke adhyapak ke roop mean 1912 mean aranbh kiya. 1915 mean ve qanoon ke peshe mean a ge. kuchh hi samay mean vah ek peshevar vakil ke roop mean sthapit ho ge kyoanki unamean nyayik nirnayoan ko yad rakhane ki adbhut kshamata thi aur jaldi hi ve "nirnayajany vidhi ke chalate-phirate sarasangrah" ke roop mean prakhyat ho ge. ayyangar is vyavasay ko matr jivikoparjan ka sadhan nahian manate the. unaki is bat mean gahari ruchi thi ki bharat ki nyayik vyavastha mean bharatiy janata ki avashyakataoan ke anuroop sudhar kie jaean, aur yah matr aangrezi nyayik pranali ki ek shakha ban kar n rah jae. atah unhoanne nyayapalika ki svatantrata ki jamakar vakalat ki tatha bharat sarakar se phedaral nyayalay ke star ko badhakar ise uchchatam nyayalay ka darja dene ki maang ki. bharatiy nyayik pranali mean aantim apil ka pradhikar ianglaiand ki privi kauansil mean nihit hone ke karan bharatiyoan ko jo kathinaiyaan pesh ati thian aur jis prakar tiraskar sahana p data tha, usake bare mean vah bahut chiantit the. ayyangar ek sakriy vakil the aur apane grih nagar chittoor ki 'bar esosieshan' ke adhyaksh bhi the.
svatantrata aandolan
ayyangar bahut chhoti umr mean hi svatantrata aandolan mean kood p de the. ve aangrezi shasan ke viruddh rashtriy aandolan ka netritv kar rahi bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke apane grih rajy ke pramukh netaoan mean se ek the. gaandhi ji dvara aangrezi ke prati "asahayog" ke lie kie ge ahvan ke pratyuttar mean ayyangar ne 1921-22 ke dauran ek varsh ke lie apana qanooni abhyas bhi band kar diya.
1934 mean jab kaangres ne kauansiloan ke bahishkar ki apani niti vapas li aur 'sentral lejisletiv asembali' ke chunav l dane ka nirnay liya to ayyangar bhari bahumat se asembali ke sadasy nirvachit hue. chunav l dane ke pichhe kaangres ka uddeshy yahi tha ki sarakar mean rahakar sarakar se sangharsh kiya jae. tathyoan aur aank doan ke poorn janakar aur svabhavik roop se vad-vivad mean nipun hone ke karan ayyangar ne jald hi kendriy vidhan sabha mean ek sashakt vad-vivadakarta sadasy ke roop mean apani chhavi bana li. ve pichhali katar se agali katar mean a ge aur phir ek samay aisa bhi aya ki aisa koee din nahian hota tha jab ve sabha mean sarakar ke viruddh kaangres aur rashtriy aandolan ke hit mean koee jabaradast bat n kahate hoan. sabha mean ayyangar ki is ullekhaniy karyashaili se prabhavit hokar ek yooropiy lekhak ne unaka zikr "sabha ke emden" ke roop mean kiya tha.[1]
bharat chho do aandolan
1940 aur 1944 ke bich, ayyangar ko pahale "vyaktigat satyagrah andolan" mean aur bad mean 1942 ke "bharat chho do aandolan" mean bhag lene ke lie lagabhag tin varsh ke lie karavas ki saja bhogani p di. ayyangar ne desh ke rajanitik svatantrata aandolan mean sakriy bhag lene ke alava samaj ke dalit vargoan ke samajik svatantry ke lie kie ge kee any kriyakalapoan mean yogadan diya. asprishyata jaisi samajik buraiyoan se l dane ke lie gaandhi ji ke rachanatmak karyakramoan se prerit hokar ayyangar mandir mean harijanoan ka pravesh aur apane grih rajy mean asprishyata ka unmoolan sunishchit karane ke lie aranbh kie ge is tarah ke aandolanoan mean sabase age rahe. ayyangar ne bad mean, 'harijan sevak sangh' ke adhyaksh ki haisiyat se harijanoan ke arthik evan samajik utthan ke lie kee karyakram shuroo kie.
rajanitik parichay
ayyangar, aandhr pradesh mean kaangres parti ke agrani netaoan mean se the aur svatantrata se poorv unhoanne kee mahattvapoorn padoan ko sushobhit kiya. ve zila kaangres kameti, chittoor ke adhyaksh rahe. bad mean, unhean aandhr praantiy kaangres kameti aur akhil bharatiy kaangres kameti ke lie nirvachit kiya gaya. 1946-47 ke dauran, ve sansad mean kaangres parti ke sachiv bhi rahe.
sanvidhan sabha ke sadasy
ayyangar ne sanvidhan sabha ke sadasy ke roop mean bhi kary kiya. sanvidhan sabha ke sanvidhan nirman sanbandhi krity ko isake vidhayi krity se alag karane ke nirnay ke parinamasvaroop aur bad mean ji. vi. mavalankar ke sanvidhan sabha (vidhayi) ke adhyaksh ke roop mean nirvachit kie jane par, ayyangar ko isake upadhyaksh pad ke lie nirvachit kiya gaya, ve sanvidhan sabha ki sanchalan samiti ke bhi sadasy rahe. 1950-52 ke dauran ayyangar aantarim sansad ke upadhyaksh bane rahe. jab aantarim sansad dvara 1950 mean pahali bar 'prakkalan samiti' ka gathan kiya gaya to, ayyangar isake sabhapati nirvachit kie ge. unhoanne dakshata se isaki baithakoan ka sanchalan kiya aur is samiti ke lie nam kamaya.
pratham lokasabha upadhyaksh
1952 mean jab pahali lok sabha ka gathan hua to ayyangar isake upadhyaksh pad ke lie sarvasammati se nirvachit hue. upadhyaksh ke roop mean apane karttavyoan ka nirvahan karate hue, ayyangar ne do varshoan ke lie lok sabha ki prakkalan samiti ke sabhapati aur agale do varshoan ke lie rel abhisamay samiti ke sabhapati pad ka atirikt dayitv bhi sanbhala.
lokasabha adhyaksh
lokasabha upadhyaksh ka dayitv unhoanne tab tak sanbhala jab tak ki vah adhyaksh mavalankar ke achanak nidhan ke pashchath 8 march, 1956 ko sarvasammati se lok sabha ke adhyaksh nirvachit nahian kie ge. lok sabha ke adhyaksh ka sarvochch pad dharan karana unake us vidhayi jivan ka charamotkarsh tha jo 1934 mean kendriy vidhan sabha se shuroo hua tha. us samay tak ayyangar pahale hi apane apako lambe anubhav aur sansadiy sansthaoan ke karyakaran aur unaki prakriya aur kary sanchalan ke jnan se ek mukhar aur prabhavashali saansad siddh kar chuke the. vah sansadiy moolyoan ko banae rakhane ke lie pratibaddh the. ve atyadhik vinodi svabhav ke the aur vinodapriyata se ve n keval sansadiy karyavahi ko jivant bana dete the, apitu unaka yah svabhav kee bar unhean apani bat aur adhik prabhavashali aur rochak dhang se sansad mean rakhane mean madad karata tha. jab 1957 mean doosari lok sabha ka gathan hua tab ek bar punah ayyangar agale paanch varshoan ke lie adhyaksh pad ke lie sabha ki sarvasammat pasand bane. adhyaksh ke roop mean ayyangar ne jo asankhy vinirnay aur tippaniyaan dian, ve spasht roop se unake rajanitik darshan, vidhik-kushagrata, sansadiy prakriyaoan mean unaki nipunata aur unake prati samman ki bhavana, prashasan ki gatishil shaktiyoan ki samajh aur desh ki b di-b di samasyaoan aur hitoan ki pahachan ko darshati hai. unake samane jo prashn uthae ge, un par unhoanne sankshipt aur spasht vinirnay die. unhean aise anek vinirnayoan aur nideshoan ka shrey jata hai, jinake dvara bharatiy ganatantr ke shaishav-kal ke varshoan mean anek jatil sansadiy muddoan ko sulajhaya gaya.
1962 mean adhyaksh pad chho dane par ayyangar ki usi prakar prashansa ki gayi jis prakar 1956 mean shri dada saheb mavalankar ki ki gayi thi. inhian donoan pratishthit adhyakshoan ke karan bharat mean ek majaboot aur svasth sansadiy sanskriti ki nianv dali ja saki. bharat ki lokataantrik sansthaean, sansadiy sansthaoan ke prati unaki poori pratibaddhata, sabha ki garima ko banae rakhane mean unaki satarkata, sadasyoan ki pratishtha aur sansadiy lokatantr ke moolyoan tatha svasth sansadiy prakriyaoan aur paripatiyoan ko vikasit karane mean unake athak prayasoan ke lie unaki rrini haian.
saansad ke roop mean
ayyangar ek sakriy saansad rahe tatha ve bad ke varshoan mean sakriy rajanitik jivan se sannyas lene ke bad bhi kee samajik-saanskritik aur shaikshik sangathanoan se ju de rahe. in sangathanoan mean harijan sevak sangh, ram vilas sabha, drametik esosieshan aauph chittoor, d kanstitayooshan klab tatha idiyan esosieshan aauph varld phedaral gavarnameant shamil haian. 1962 ke am chunavoan mean ayyangar tisari bar lok sabha ke lie chune gaye. tathapi, unhoanne bihar ke rajyapal ke roop mean chune jane ke tatkal pashchath hi apani sadasyata se istipha de diya. is tarah unake lagabhag tin dashak lambe utkrisht sansadiy karyakal ka aant hua. nisandeh, is lambe seva kal ke madhyam se ek sanstha ke roop mean sansad aur samanyatah sampoorn desh ayyangar ke jnan, unaki sansadiy nipunata aur rajaniti, dharm aur rashtriy samasyoan ke bare mean unake vyapak drishtikon se atyadhik labhanvit hue.
bihar ke rajyapal
bihar ke rajyapal ke roop mean, ek poore karyakal tak seva karane ke pashchath ayyangar ne sakriy rajanitik jivan se sannyas le liya aur apane jivan ke aantim varsh bitane ke lie apane grihanagar tiroopati chale ge. is avastha mean bhi ayyangar bahut sakriy rahe.
shiksha ke kshetr mean amooly yogadan
sansadiy jivan ke bad ayyangar ka sabase b da yogadan shiksha ke kshetr mean tha. ayyangar ek vidvanh manishi the jo bharat vidya (iandol aauji) tulanatmak dharm, darshan, sanskrit, sanskrit sahity aur any vividh vishayoan ke prakaand pandit the. apane sampoorn jivan mean unhoanne sanskrit aur bharatiy sanskriti ke adhyayan aur prachar-prasar mean bahut ruchi li. unhoanne kuchh samay tak kendriy shiksha salahakar bord ke sadasy ke roop mean kary kiya aur bad mean ve rrishikul vishvavidyalay, haridvar ke upakulapati rahe. shiksha ke kshetr mean unake yogadan ko dekhate hue shri vaishnav thiyol aaujikal vishvavidyalay, vrindavan ne 1954 mean unhean 'd aauktaret aauph litarechar' (sahity vachaspati) ki manad upadhi se sammanit kiya. ek telugoo saptahik patrika 'shri veankatesh patrika' ke niyamit sampadan ke alava ayyangar ne bharatiy sansad par "avar parliyameant" namak pustak bhi likhi thi.
dharmanirapeksh vyaktitv
ayyangar manav jati ki moolabhoot ekata mean vishvas karate the aur dharmanirapekshata ke pakshadhar aur desh mean dharmik ekata ke samarthak the. unhean dharmik unmad phailane aur rajanitik uddeshyoan ke lie dharm ka durupayog karane valoan se bahut pi da hoti thi. unaka vishvas tha ki logoan ko sapradayikata ke khataroan ke bare mean sanvedanashil banane ka sarvottam tarika sabhi dharmoan ke sahi saratatv ke bare mean jan-jagriti lana hai. unaka vichar tha ki dharmoan ka vikas mukhyatah vyakti aur vyakti ke bich ke matabhedoan ko door karane mean sahayata karane tatha vyakti mean bhratritv ki bhavana antarnivisht karane aur usake dvara usaka utthan karane ke lie kiya gaya hai.
jati-vyavastha ki buraiyoan ke viruddh
ayyangar un rashtriy netaoan mean se the, jinhoanne svatantrata sangram ke dauran sabase pahale asprishyata aur jati-vyavastha ki buraiyoan ke viruddh sangharsh mean bhag liya tha. unaka vishvas tha ki aitihasik drishti se jati-vyavastha bharatiy samajik sanrachana ka mool aang nahian thi apitu is vyavastha ko isamean bad mean shamil kiya gaya. ayyangar ke anusar uchch jati ya nimn jati jaisi koee chiz nahian, apitu keval chetana ki uchchatar sthiti ya chetana ki nimnatar sthiti hoti hai. in donoan sthitiyoan ka janm se kuchh lena-dena nahian hai. unaka vishvas tha ki janm ke adhar par kisi vyakti ko usake pooja ke adhikar se vanchit karana svayan eeshvaratv ke viruddh aparadh hai. isi vishvas ne unhean hiandoo mandiroan mean dalitoan ke pravesh ke adhikar ka samarthan karane ke lie prerit kiya. svatantrata sangram ke dauran ve harijanoan ke utthan ke lie sandharsh karane vale agrani netaoan mean se ek the.
nidhan
19 march, 1978 ko 87 varsh ki ayu mean anantashayanam ayyangar ka nidhan ho gaya. vah aantim samay tak tirupati mean sanskrit vidyapith aur anek dharmarth sangathanoan ke karyoan mean vyast rahe.
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