ऐतरेयोपनिषद

doosare rrigvediy aranyak ke chauthe, paanchavean aur chhathe adhyay mean 'brahmavidya' ka pramukh roop se ullekh milata hai. isilie ise 'aitareyopanishad' ki manyata di gayi hai. isamean tin adhyay haian.

pratham adhyay

is upanishad ke pratham adhyay mean tin khand haian

1. pahale khand mean srishti ka janm,
2. doosare khand mean manav-sharir ki utpatti aur
3. tisare khand mean upasy devoan ki kshudha-tripti ke lie ann ke utpadan ka varnan kiya gaya hai.

pratham khand / srishti ki utpatti

pratham khand mean rrishi kahata hai ki srishti ke arambh mean ekamatr 'atma' ka virat jyotirmay svaroop vidyaman tha. tab us atma ne vichar kiya ki srishti ka srijan kiya jaye aur vibhinn lok banaye jayean tatha unake lokapal nishchit kiye jayean. aisa vichar kar atma ne 'ambh', 'marichi', 'mar' aur 'ap:' lokoan ki rachana ki.

• dyulok se pare svarg ki pratishtha rakhane vale lok ko 'ambh' kaha gaya.
• marichi ko antariksh, arthath prakash lok (dyulok) kaha gaya,
• prithivi lok ko mar, arthath mrityulok nam diya gaya,
• prithivi ke niche jaliy garbh ko patalalok (ap:) kaha gaya.

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rrigved mean ap: ko srishti ke mool kriyashil pravah ke roop mean vyakt kiya hai. vahi hiranyagarbh roop hai. is hiranyagarbh roop mean brahm ka sankalp bij pakakar vishv-roop banata hai. isi hiranyagarbh se virat purush evan usaki indriyoan ki utpatti hoti hai aur usaki indriyoan se devataoan ka srijan hota hai. yahi jivan ka vikas-kram hai. ved hiranyagarbh roop ko prithivi aur dyulok ka adhar svikar karate haian- yah hiranyagarbh roop hi 'ap:' ke madhy se janm leta hai. at: srishti ka adharabhoot havy hai.

• lokoan ki rachana karane ke uparant paramatma ne lokapaloan ka srijan karane ki ichchha se ap: (jaliy garbh) se 'hirany purush' ka srijan kiya. sarvapratham hiranyagarbh se ande ke roop ka ek mukh prakat hua. mukh se vakh indri, vakh indri se 'agni' utpann huee. taduparant nak ke chhidr prakat hue. nak ke chhidroan se 'pran' aur pran se 'vayu' utpann huee. phir netr utpann hue. netroan se chakshu (dekhane ki shakti) prakat hue aur chakshu se 'adity' prakat hua. phir 'tvacha', tvacha se 'rom' aur romoan se vanaspati-roop 'aushadhiyaan' prakat hueean. usake bad 'hriday', hriday se 'man, 'man se 'chandr' udit hua. taduparant nabhi, nabhi se 'apan' aur apan se 'mrityu' ka pradurbhav hua. phir 'jananendriy, 'jananendriy se 'viry' aur viry se 'ap:' (jal ya srijanashilata) ki utpatti huee.
• yahaan viry se pun: 'ap:' ki utpatti kahi gayi hai. yah ap: hi srishtikarta ka adharabhoot pravah hai. viry se srishti ka 'bij' taiyar hota hai. usi ke pravah mean chetana-shakti pun: akar grahan karane lagati hai. sarvapratham yah chetana-shakti hirany purush ke roop mean samane ayi. is prakar pratham khand mean srishti ki utpatti aur usaki vikas-prakriya ka bijaropan atyant vaijnanik dhang se prastut kiya gaya hai.

dvitiy khand / manav-sharir ki utpatti

dvitiy khand mean, manav-sharir ki rachana ka ullekh kiya gaya hai. parameshvar dvara rache gaye agni adi devata is mahasrishti ke anant sagar mean doobane-utarane lage. paramatma ne unhean bhookh-pyas se mukt kar diya. tab devoan ki yachana par paramatma ne manav-sharir ki rachana ki. yah manav-sharir unake lie ashrayasthal ban gaya. agnidev vakendriy ke madhyam se manushy ke mukh mean pravisht ho gaye. vayu ne pran vayu ke roop mean nasika ke chhidroan mean apana ashrayasthal bana liya. soory devata ne netroan mean apana sthan grahan kiya. dikpal, arthath dishaoan ke svami manushy ke kanoan mean pravesh kar gaye. aushadhiyoan v vanaspatiyoan ne tvacha ke romoan mean apana sthan bana liya. chandrama man ke roop mean hriday mean pravisht kar gaya aur mrityu devata apanavayu ke roop mean gudamarg se sharir mean pravesh karake nabhipradesh par sthit ho gaya tatha jal devata viry ke roop mean jananendriyoan mean pravesh kar gaye. is prakar eeshvar dvara utpann srishti ke sabhi devata aur lokapal manav-sharir par apana adhikar jamakar baith gaye. thik usi prakar, jaise 'hirany purush' se unaka janm hua tha, manav-sharir mean ve unhian sthanoan par samavisht ho gaye. unaki bhookh-pyas bhi unhian aangoan ke madhyam se poori hone lagi. vastut: bhookh-pyas ka koee svatantr astitv nahian hai. vah vibhinn aangoan-avayavoan mean sthit dev-shaktiyoan ke sath hi sanyukt hai.

tritiy khand / ann ki utpatti

tritiy khand mean devataoan, arthath lokapaloan ke lie ann ki vyavastha karane ka ullekh hai. sath hi 'atma' ke manav-sharir mean pravesh ka marg bataya gaya hai. paramatma ne devataoan ki bhookh-pyas ki santushti ke lie ann ki utpatti ka nirnay kiya. prithivi, jal, agni, vayu aur akash, in panch mahabhootoan ko pakakar ann ka srijan kiya gaya. prarambh mean is ann ko devataoan ne manushy ki vibhinn indriyoan dvara grahan karane ka prayatn kiya, parantu ve ise svikar nahian kar sake. tab ant mean mukh ke dvara ise grahan karana sambhav ho saka. tabhi paramatma ko laga ki isamean usaka aansh kahaan hai. tab brahm ne manav-sharir ke sir ki kathor sima ko chirakar usamean pravesh kiya. usake pravesh karate hi sampoorn sharir aur sharir mean sthit sabhi devagan chaitany ho uthe. balak ke sir mean jo komal sthan hai, use hi atma ke pravesh ka marg kaha jata hai. kapal ke isi sthal par 'brahmarandhr' ka sthan hai, jahaan pahuanchane ke lie yogi yog-sadhana karate haian. ise sahastrar, arthath dal kamal bhi kahate haian. ise 'vidriti' nam se bhi jana jata hai; kyoanki is sthal ko vidirn karake hi paramatma ne apane pravesh ka marg banaya tha. tab manav-deh mean utpann hue us jiv ne parabrahm parameshvar ka sookshm roop pahachana aur kaha 'idandr' (idamh+d=isako maianne dekh liya), arthath paramatma se sakshatkar ko hi 'idandr' kaha gaya. isi ka doosara roop 'indr' hai, arthath aisi agochar vastu, jise aankhoan se dekha n ja sake, keval hriday mean jisaka anubhav kiya ja sake. yah sharir nishchit roop se paramatma ka avas hai. is sharir mean tin svachalit tantr aur tin granthiyoan mean atma ka sidha niyantran rahata hai- mastishk mean sahastrar, hriday tatha nabhi granthi. inhean hi sharir, brahmand aur param vyom, sthool, sookshm tatha palan ka adhar mana ja sakata hai.

dvitiy adhyay

dvitiy adhyay mean ek hi khand hai. isamean jiv ke tin janmoan ka vivaran prapt hota hai.

• jis prakar pakshi ko 'dvij' kaha jata hai, arthath do bar janm lene vala. ek bar vah ande ke roop mean mata ke garbh se bahar ata hai, phir vah ande se bahar ata hai.
• aise hi manushy ke bhi tin janm hote haian.

manushy ke tin janm

• purush ke sharir mean sthit viry mean jo shukranu haian, ve purush ki jivani-shakti ke puanj haian pahale purush unhean apane sharir mean hi poshit karata hai. taduparant vah us viry ko stri ke garbh mean pravesh karata hai. garbh mean pravesh karane par jiv ka yah 'pratham janm' hota hai.
• purush ke garbh mean purush ka paripak, yah upanishad ki drishti hai. ise maulik drishti kaha ja sakata hai.
• stri ke garbh mean sthapit purush purush ka viry-roop jivatma shanai:-shanai: poshit hokar akar grahan karata hai. poorn poshit hone par stri prasav dvara balak ko janm deti hai. yah jiv ka 'doosara janm' hota hai.
• yah jiv apane pita ke pratinidhi ke roop mean sansar mean ayu-bhar apane sampoorn dayitvoan ko poorn karata hai. taduparant vah vayovriddh hokar, apane samast laukik kartavyoan ko poorn karake is lok se prasthan karata hai. sansari log ise mrityu ka nam dete haian, parantu upanishad ise jiv ka punarjanm, arthath 'tisara janm' manate haian. yahi bat rrishi vamadev ne kahi thi-'maianne garbh mean hi devataoan ke janm rahasy ko jan liya tha. maian saik doan lohe ki salakhoan vale pianjare mean band tha. ab mujhe tattvajnan prapt ho gaya hai. at: maian baj pakshi ki bhaanti us pianjare ko bhedakar bahar a gaya hooan.' rrishi vamadev yah tattvajnan prapt karake svarg mean samast sukhoan ko bhogate hue amar ho gaye the.

tritiy adhyay

tritiy adhyay mean upasy dev ke svaroop ko nishchit kiya gaya hai. jis atma ki ham upasana karate haian, vah kaun hai? jisake dvara yah prani dekhata hai, sunata hai, vividh granthoan ko sooanghata hai, bolata hai tatha svad ka rasasvadan karata hai, vah atma kaun hai?

atma ka svaroop

• yah atma hriday aur man ka hi roop hai. samyak jnan, vijnan, adesh, tvarit jan lene ki shakti, buddhi, drishti, dhairy, manisha, veg, smriti, sankalp-shakti, manorath, bhog, pran-shakti, ye sabhi usi ek paramatm-shakti ka sanjnan karate haian, jise 'atma' kaha gaya hai.
• yah atma hi brahm ka svaroop hai. yahi indr hai aur prajapati hai. yahi samast devagan haian aur yahi panch mahabhoot (prithivi, jal, agni, vayu aur akash) haian. yahi samast j d-chetan mean samahit hai. samast lok usi ke ashrit haian. prajna hi usaka vilayasthal hai. at: prajnan hi brahm hai.
• jo vyakti parameshvar ko is prakar jan leta hai, vah is lok se sidhe svargalok jakar divy bhogoan ko prapt kar, ant mean amaratv prapt karata hai.

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

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