ऐतरेय ब्राह्मण

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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aitarey brahman rrigved ke shakal shakha ke sambadv hai. isamean 8 khand, 40 adhyay tatha 285 kandikaean haian. isaki rachana 'mahidas aitarey' dvara ki gee thi, jis par sayanachary ne apana bhashy likha hai. is granth se yah pata chalata hai ki us samay poorv mean videh jati ka rajy tha jabaki pashchim mean nichy aur apachy rajy the. uttar mean kuroo aur uttar madr ka tatha dakshin mean bhojy rajy thaan. aitarey brahman mean rajyabhishek ke niyam diye gaye haian. isake antim bhag mean purohit ka vishesh mahattv niroopit kiya gaya hai.

rrikh sahity mean do brahman granth haian. pahale ka nam aitarey brahman tatha doosare ka shakhnayan athava kaushitaki brahman hai. donoan granthoan ka atyant ghanishth sambandh hai, yatr-tatr ek hi vishay ki vyakhya ki gayi hai, kintu ek brahman mean doosare brahman mean viparit arth prakat kiya gaya hai. kaushitaki brahman mean jis achchhe dhang se vishayoan ki vyakhya ki gayi hai us dhang se aitarey brahman mean nahian hai. aitarey brahman ke pichhale das adhyayoan mean jin vishayoan ki vyakhya ki gayi hai ve kaushitaki mean nahian haian, kintu is abhav ko shakhnayan sootroan mean poora kiya gaya hai. ajakal jo aitarey brahman upalabdh hai usamean kul chalis adhyay haian. inaka ath panjikaoan mean vibhag hua hai. shakhnayan brahman mean tis adhyay haian.

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aitarey brahman ka pravachanakarta

paramparik drishti se aitarey brahman ke pravachanakarta rrishi mahidas aitarey haian. shadgurushishy ne mahidas ko kisi yajnavalky namak brahman ki itara (dvitiya) namni bharya ka putr batalaya hai.[1]
aitareyaranyak ke bhashy mean shadgurushishy ne is nam ki vyutpatti bhi di hai.[2] sayan ne bhi apane bhashy ke upodghat mean isi prakar ki akhyayika di hai, jisake anusar kisi maharshi ki anek patniyoan mean se ek ka ka nam 'itara' tha. mahidas usi ke putr the. pita ki upeksha se khinn hokar mahidas ne apani kuladevata bhoomi ki upasana ki, jisaki anukampa se unhoanne aitarey brahman ke sath hi aitareyaranyak ka bhi sakshatkar kiya.[3] bhattabhaskar ke anusar aitarey ke pita ka nam hi rrishi itar tha.[4]

  • skand puran mean prapt akhyan ke anusar aitarey ke pita harit rrishi ke vansh mean utpann rrishi mandooki the.[5]
  • chhandogy upanishad[6] ke anusar mahidas ko 116 varsh ki ayu prapt huee. shaankhayan grihyasootr[7] mean bhi inake nam ka 'aitarey' aur 'mahaitarey' roopoan ke ullekh haian.

katipath pashchatty manishiyoan ne avesta mean 'rritvikh' ke arth mean prayukt 'athrey' shabd se 'aitarey' ka samy sthapit karane ki cheshta ki hai. is samy ke siddh ho jane par 'aitarey' ki sthiti bharopiyakalik ho jati hai. h aaug aur khonda sadrish pashchatty vidvanoan ki dharana hai ki sampoorn aitarey brahman kisi ek vyakti athava kal ki rachana nahian hai. adhik se adhik mahidas ko aitarey brahman ke vartaman path ka sampadak mana ja sakata hai.[8]

aitarey-brahman ka vibhag, chayanakram aur pratipady

sampoorn aitarey brahman mean 40 adhyay haian. pratyek paanch adhyayoan ko milakar ek panchika nishpann ho jati hai jinaki kul sankhya ath hai. adhyay ka avantar vibhajan khandoan mean hai, jinaki sankhya pratyek adhyay mean prithakh-prithakh hai. samast chalis adhyayoan mean kul 285 khand haian. rrigved ki prasiddhi hotrived ke roop mean hai, isalie usase sambaddh is brahman granth mean somayagoan ke hautrapaksh ki vishad mimaansa ki gee hai. hotrimandal mean, jinaki ‘hotrak’ ke nam se prasiddhi hai, sat rritvik hote haian-

  • hota,
  • maitravarun,
  • brahmanachchhansi,
  • neshta,
  • pota,
  • achchhavak aur
  • agnighr.

ye sabhi somayagoan ke tinoan savanoan mean rrinmantroan se 'yajya'[9] ka sampadan karate haian. inake atirikt puronuvakyaean hoti haian, jinaka path hom se pahale hota hai. hota, maitravarun, brahmanachchhansi aur achchhavak- ye ajy, prug prabhriti shastroan[10] ka shansan karate haian. inhian ka mukhyata pratipadan is brahman granth mean hai. prasang vash katipay any krityoan ka niroopan bhi hua hai. hota ke dvara pathaniy pramukh shastr ye haian-

  • ajy shastr,
  • prug shastr,
  • marutvatiy shastr,
  • nishkaivaly shastr,
  • vaishvadev shastr,
  • agnimarut shastr,
  • shodashi shastr,
  • paryay shastr aur
  • ashvin shastr adi.

yajya aur puroanuvakya ko chho dakar any shastr pray: trich hote haian jinamean pahali aur antim (uttama) rricha ka path tin-tin bar hota hai. 'uttama' rricha ko hi 'paridhaniya' bhi kahate haian. pahali rricha ka hi paribhashik nam 'pratipad' bhi hai. inhian ke auchity ka vivechan vastut: aitarey brahmanakar ka pramukh uddeshy hai.

agnishtom samast somayagoan ka prakritibhoot hai, etev isaka sarvapratham vidhan kiya gaya hai, jo pahali panchika se lekar tisari panchika ke paanchavean khand tak hai. yah ek din ka prayog hai sutyadin ki drishti se samanyat: isake anushthan mean kul paanch din lagate haian. isake anantar agnishtom ki vikritiyoan ukthy, kratu, shodashi aur atiratr ka varnan chaturth panchika ke dvitiy adhyay ke pancham khand tak hai. isake pashchath satrayagoan ka vivaran hai, jo aitarey brahman mean tandyadi any brahmanoan ki apeksha kuchh kam vistar se hai. satrayagoan mean ‘gavamayan’ ka chaturth panchikagat doosare adhyay ke shashth khand se tisare adhyayantargat ashtam khand tak niroopan hai. 'anigarasamayan' aur 'adityanamayan' namak satrayag bhi isi madhy a gaye haian. paanchavian panchika mean vibhinn dvadashah sanjnak somayagoan ka niroopan hai. isi panchika mean agnihotr bhi varnit hai. chhathi panchika mean somayagoan se sambaddh prakirn vishayoan ka vivechan hai. isi panchika ke chaturth aur pancham adhyayoan mean balakhilyadi sooktoan ki vishad prarochana ki gee hai, jinaki ganana khiloan ke antargat ki jati hai. saptam panchika ka prarambh yadyapi pashu-aangoan ki vibhakti-prakriya ke vivaran ke sath hota hai, kintu isake doosare adhyay mean agnihotri ke lie vibhinn prayashchittoan, tisare mean shun:-shep ka suprasiddh upakhyan aur chaturth adhyay mean rajasooyayag ke prarambhik krityoan ka vivaran hai. athavian panchika ke pratham do adhyayoan mean rajasooyayag ka hi niroopan hai, kintu antim tin adhyay saanskritik aur aitihasik drishti se atyant mahattvapoorn vivaran-aindr mahabhishek, purohit ki mahatta tatha brahmaparimar[11] ka prastavak hai. 'brahm' ka arth yahaan vayu hai. is vayu ke charoan or vidyut, vrishti, chandrama, adity aur agni prabhriti ka antarbhav maran-prakar hi ‘parimar’ hai. yajn ki samany prakriya se hatakar sochane par yah koee vilakshan vaijnanik krity pratit hota hai.

inamean se 30 adhyayoan tak prachy aur pratichy ubhayavudh vidvanoan ke madhy koee matabhed nahian hai. yah bhag nirvivad roop se aitarey brahman ka prachinatam bhag hai. isamean bhi pratham paanch adhyay taittiriy brahman se bhi poorvavartti mane ja sakate haian.[12] kith ki is dharana ke viparit vichar harsh (V.G.L.Horch) ka hai, jo taittiriy ki apeksha inhean paravarti manate haian.[13] kaushitaki brahman ke sath aitarey ki tulanatmak vivechana karane ke anantar pashchaty vidvanoan ka vichar hai ki satavian aur athavian panchikaean[14] paravarti haian. is sandarbh mean pradatt tark ye haian:-

  • kaushitaki brahman mean matr 30 adhyay haian- jabaki donoan hi rrigvediy brahmanoan ka varnyavishay ek hi somayag hai.
  • rajasooyayag mean raja ka yagagat pey som nahian hai, jabaki aitarey brahman ke mukhy vishay somayag ke antargat peyadravy som hai.
  • aitarey brahman ki saptam panchika ka arambh 'athat:'[15] se hua hai, jo paravarti sootr-shaili pratit hoti hai.

uparyukt tarkoan ke uttar mean yahaan keval panini ka sakshy hi paryapt hai, jinhoanne aitarey brahman ke 40 adhyayatmak svaroop ka sanket se ullekh kiya hai. ve rrigved ke doosare brahman kaushitaki ke 30 adhyayatmak svaroop se bhi parichit the.[16] vastut: uparyukt shankaoan[17] ka karan aitarey brahman ki vivechan-shaili hai, jo vishay ko sanshlisht aur sanhitaroop mean n prastut kar kuchh phaile-phaile roop mean niroopit karati hai. vastav mean shrautasootroan ke sadrish samavet aur sanhitaroop mean vishay-niroopan ki apeksha brahman granthoan se nahian ki ja sakati. yah sunishchit hai ki aitarey brahman panini ke kal tak apane vartaman svaroop ko prapt kar chuka tha. moolaved[18] ke astitv ki bat bhi uthaee hai, kintu pra. khoanda jaise manishiyoan ne usase asahamaty hi prakat kiya hai.[19]

aitarey brahman ki vyakhya-sampatti

is par char prachin bhashyoan ka astitv batalaya jata hai-

  • govindasvami,
  • bhattabhaskar,
  • shadgurushishy aur
  • sayanachary ke bhashy.

inamean se abhi tak keval antim do ka prakashan hua hai. unamean bhi adhyayan-adhyapan ka adhar samanyataya sayanabhashy hi hai, jinamean hotrapaksh ki sabhi jnatavy visheshataoan ka samavesh hai.

aitarey brahman ki roop-samriddhi

kisi krityavishesh mean viniyojan mantr ke devata, chhandas ityadi ke auchity-niroopan ke sandarbh mean aitareyakar antim bindu tak dhyan rakhata hai. ise vah apani paribhashik shabdavali mean ‘roop-samriddhi’ ki akhya deta hai- etadvai yajnasy samridvan yadroop-samridvan yatkarm kriyamanan rrigabhivadati.[20]

aitihasik aur saanskritik vivaran

aitarey brahman mean madhy pradesh ka vishesh adar poorvak ullekh kiya gaya hai- 'dhruvayaan madhyamayaan pratishthayaan dishi'.[21] pan. satyavrat samashrami ke anusar is madhy pradesh mean kuru, panchal, shivi aur sauvir sanjnak pradesh sammilit the.[22] mahidas ka apana nivas-sthan bhi iravati nadi ke samipasth kisi janapad mean tha.[23] aitarey brahman[24] ke anusar us samay bharat ke poorv mean videh adi jatiyoan ka rajy tha. dakshin mean bhojarajy, pashchim mean nichy aur apachy ka rajy, uttar mean uttarakuruoan aur uttar madr ka rajy tatha madhy bhag mean kuru-panchal rajy the.

aindr-mahabhishek ke prasang mean, antim tin adhyayoan mean jin aitihasik vyaktiyoan ke nam aye haian, ve haian- parikshit-putr janamejay, manu-putr sharyat, ugrasen-putr yudhaan shraushti, avikshit-putr maroottam, sudas paijavan, shatanik aur dushyant-putr bharat. bharat ki vishesh prashansa karate hue kaha gaya hai ki usake parakram ki samanata koee bhi nahian kar paya.
mahakarm bharatasy n poorve napare jana:.
divan marty iv hastabhyaan nodapu: panch manava:॥[25]
is bharat ke purohit the mamataputr dirghatama.

purohit ka gaurav

aitarey brahman ke antim adhyay mean purohit ka vishesh mahattv niroopit hai. raja ko purohit ki niyukti avashy karani chahie, kyoanki vah ahavaniyagnituly hota hai. purohit vastut: praja ka pratinidhi hai, jo raja se pratijna karata hai ki vah apani praja se kabhi droh nahian karega.

achar-darshan

aitarey brahman mean naitik moolyoan aur udatt achar-vyavahar ke siddhantoan par vishesh bal diya gaya hai. pratham adhyay ke shashth khand mean kaha gaya hai ki dikshit yajaman ko saty hi bolana chahie[26] isi prakar ke any vachan haian- jo ahankar se yukt hokar boli jati hai, vah rakshasi vani hai.[27]

shun:shep se sambaddh akhyan ke prasang mean karmanishth jivan aur purusharth-sadhana ka mahattv b de hi kavyatmak dhang se batalaya gaya hai. kaha gaya hai ki bina thake hue shri nahian milati; jo vicharata hai, usake pair pushpayukt hote haian, usaki atma phal ko ugati aur katati hai. bhraman ke shram se usaki samast paparashi nasht ho jati hai. baithe-thale vyakti ka bhag bhi baith jata hai, sote hue ka so jata hai aur chalate hue ka chalata rahata hai. kali yug ka arth hai manushy ki suptavastha, jab vah janbhaee leta hai tab dvapar ki sthiti mean hota hai, kh de hone par treta aur karmarat hone par sat yug ki avastha mean a jata hai. chalate hue hi manushy phal prapt karata hai. soory ke shram ko dekho, jo chalate hue kabhi alasy nahian karata-
kali: sayano bhavati sanjihanastu dvapar:.
uttishthanstreta bhavati kritan sampadyate charanshcharaiveti॥
charanvai madhu vindati charansvadumudumbaramh.
sooryasy pashy shremanan yo n tandrayate charanshcharaiveti॥[28]

devatavishayak vivaran

aitarey brahman mean kul devata 33 mane ge haian- 'trayastrianshadh vai deva:'. inamean agni pratham devata hai aur vishnu param devata. inhian ke madhy shesh sabaka samavesh ho jata hai-[29] yahian se mahatta-prapt vishnu age puranoan mean sarvadhik veshishtyasampann devata ban ge. devoan ke madhy indr atyadhik ojasvi, balashali aur door tak par karane vale devata haian-[30] devataoan ke samanyaroop se char gun haian-

  • devata saty se yukt hote haian,
  • ve parokshapriy hote haian,
  • ve ek doosare ke ghar mean rahate aur
  • ve martyoan ko amarata pradan karate haian.[31]

shun:-shep-akhyan

aitarey brahman mean akhyanoan ki vishal thati sankalit hai. inaka prayojan yag se sambaddh devata aur unake shastroan (stutiyoan) ke chhandoan evan any upadanoan ka kathatmak dhang se auchity-niroopan hai. in akhyanoan mean shun:shep ka akhyan, jise harishchandropakhyan bhi kaha jata hai, samajashastr, netritvashastr evan dharmashastr ki drishti se vishesh mahattvapoorn hai. yah 33vean adhyay mean samavisht hai. rajyabhishek ke samay yah raja ko sunaya jata tha. sankshipt roop mean akhyan is prakar hai: ikshvakuvanshaj raja harishchandr putrarahit the. varun ki upasana aur unaki prasannata tatha is shart par raja ko rohit namak putr ki prapti huee ki ve use varun ko samarpit kar deange; bad mean ve use samarpit karanr se talate rahe, jisake phalasvaroop varun ke kop se ve rogagrast ho gaye. ant mean raja ne ajigart rrishi ke putr shun:-shep ko kharid kar usaki bali dene ki vyavastha ki. is yajn mean vishvamitr, vasishth aur jamadagni rritvikh the. shun:-shep ki bali ke lie inamean se kisi ke bhi taiyar n hone par ant mean pun: ajigartt hi lobhavash us kam ke liye bhi taiyar ho gaye. bad mean vibhinn devi-devataoan ki stuti se shun:-shep bandhan-mukt ho gaye. lobhi pita ka unhoanne parityag kar diya aur vishvamitr ne unhean putraroop mean svikar kar liya. shun:-shep ka naya namakaran hua devarat vishvamitr. is akhyayika ke char prayojan apatat: pratit hote haian-

  • vaidik mantroan ki shakti aur samarthy ka arthavad ke roop mean pratipadan, jinaki sahayata se vyakti vadh aur bandhan se bhi mukt ho sakata hai.
  • yajn ya kisi bhi dharmik krity mean nar-bali jaise ghrinit krity ki bhartsana sambhav hai, bahut adim-prakrit-kal mean, jab yajn-sanstha vidhivat gathit n ho paee ho, nar-bali ki chhitaput ghatanaoan ki yada-kada avritti ho jati ho. aitarey brahman ne prakrit prasang ke madhyam se ise amanaviy ghoshit kar diya hai.
  • manav-hriday ki, jnani hone par bhi lobhamayi pravritti ka nidarshan, jisake udaharan rrishi ajigart haian.
  • raj-satta dvara niji svarth ke lie praja ka pralobhanatmak utpi dan.

is akhyayika ke hridayavarjak aansh do hi haian-

  • raja harishchandr ke dvara prarambh mean putr-lalasa ki gathaoan ke madhyam se marmik abhivyakti.
  • ‘charaiveti’ ki preranamayi gathaean.

shailigat evan bhashagat saushthav

aitarey brahman mean roopakatmak aur pratikatmak shaili ka ashray liya gaya hai, jo isaki abhivyaktigat sapranata mean abhivriddhi kar deti hai. stri-purush ke mithunabhav ke pratik sarvadhik haian. udaharan ke lie vani aur man devamithun hai[32] ghritapakv charu mean ghrit stri-aansh hai aur tandul purushaansh.[33] dikshaniya ishti mean dikshit yajaman ke samast sanskar garbhagat shishu ki tarah karane ka vidhan bhi vastut: pratikatmak hi hai. krity-vidhan ke sandarbh mean kahian-kahian b de sundar laukik udaharan diye gaye haian, yatha ekah aur ahin yagoan ke krityoan se yag ka samapan isalie karana chahie, kyoanki door ki yatra karane vale lakshy par pahuanchakar bailoan ko badal dete haian.

38vean adhyay mean, aindramahabhishek ke prasang mean mantroan se nirmit asandi ka sundar roopak prapt hota hai, jo is prakar hai- is asandi ke agale do paye brihath aur rathantarasamoan se tatha pichhale donoan paye vairoop aur vairaj samoan se nirmit haian. oopar ke patte ka kary karate hai shakvar aur raivat sam. naudhas aur kaley sam parshv phalak sthaniy hai. is asandi ka tana rrichaoan se, bana samoan se tatha madhyabhag yajurshoan se nirmit hai. isaka astaran hai yash ka tatha upadhan shri ka. savitri, brihaspati aur poosha prabhriti vibhinn devoan ne isake phalakoan ko sahara de rakha hai. samast chhandoan aur tadabhimani devoan se yah asandi pariveshtit hai. abhipray yah hai ki bahuvidh upamaoan aur roopakoan ke alamban se vishay-niroopan atyant sugrahy ho utha hai. aitarey brahman ki rachana brahmavadiyoan ke dvara maukhikaroop mean vyavahrit yajn vivechanatmak saral shabdavali mean huee hai jaisa ki prophesar khoanda ne abhimat vyakt kiya hai.[34] prophesar kith ne apani bhoomika mean isaki roop-rachana, sandhi aur samasagat sthiti ka vishad vishleshan kiya hai.

vaijnanik tathyoan ka samavesh

aitarey-brahman mean anek mahattvapoorn vaijnanik soochanaean sankalit haian, udaharan ke lie 30vean adhyay mean, prithvi ke prarambh mean garmaroop ka vivaran prapt hota hai- adityoan ne aangirasoan ko dakshina mean prithvi di. unhoanne use tapa dala, tab prithvi sianhini hokar muanh kholakar adamiyoan ko khane ke lie dau di. prithvi ki is jalati huee sthiti mean usamean uchchavach gart ban ge.

aitarey brahman ke upalabdh sanskaran

adyavadhi aetarey-brahman ke (bhashy, anuvad ya vrittisahit athava moolamatr) jo sanskaran prakashit hue haian, unaka vivaran nimnavath hai-

  • 1863 ee. mean aangrezi anuvad sahit martin h aaug ke dvara sampadit aur bambee se mudrit sanskaran, do bhagoan mean.
  • thiyodar auphrekht ke dvara 1879 mean sayan-bhashyaanshoan ke sath bon se prakashit sanskaranh.
  • 1895 se 1906 ee. ke madhy satyavrt samashrami ke dvara kalakatta se sayan-bhashyasahit char bhagoan mean prakashit sanskaranh.
  • e.bi.kith ke dvara aangrezi mean anoodit, 1920 ee. mean kaimbrij se (tatha 1969 ee. mean dilli se punarmudrit) prakashit sanskaranh.
  • 1925 ee. mean nirnayasagar se moolamatr prakashit jisaka bharat sarakar ne abhi-abhi punarmudran karaya hai.
  • 1950 ee. mean ganga prasad upadhyay ka hindi anuvad matr hindi-sahity sammelan prayag se prakashit.
  • 1980 /i. mean sayan-bhashy aur hindi anuvad-sahit sudhakar malaviy ke dvara sampadit sanskaran, varanasi se prakashita.
  • anantkrishna shastri ke dvara shadgurushishy-krit sukhaprada-vrittisahit, tin bhagoan mean trivendram se 1942 se 52 ee. ke madhy prakashit sanskaranh.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. 'mahidasaitaraiyarshisandrishtan brahmanan tu yath. asidh vipro yajnavalko dvibharyastasy dvitiyamitareti chahu:.' aitarey brahman, sukhapradavritti
  2. itarakhyasy matabhooth stribhyo dhakyaitareyagi:. aitareyaranyak, bhashyabhoomika
  3. aitarey brahman sayan-bhashy, prishth 8,(anandashram
  4. itarasy rrisherapatyamaitaraiy:. shubhradibhyashy dhakh.
  5. asminnaiv mam sthane haritasyanvayeabhavath. mandookiriti vipragryo vedavedanagaparag:॥ tasyasiditaranam bharya sadhvi gunairyuta. tasyamutpadyatasutastvaitarey iti smrit:॥ skand puran, 1.2.42.26-30
  6. chhandogy upanishad 3.16.7
  7. shaankhayan grihyasootr 4.10.3
  8. je. khonda, histri indiyan litarechar ve.li., bhag 21, pri. 344
  9. thik ahuti-sampradan ke samay pathit mantr
  10. agitamantr-sadhy stuti
  11. shatrukshayarthak prayog
  12. kith, rrigved brahman, bhoomika
  13. vi.ji.el.harsh, di vedishe gatha und shlok litaratur
  14. antim 10 adhyay
  15. athat: pashorvibhaktistasy vibhagan vakshyam:
  16. ashtadhyayi 5.1.62
  17. jinamean shashth panchika ko parishisht manane ki dharana bhi hai, kyoanki isamean sthan-sthan par punarukti hai
  18. bharopiy kal ke vaidik sanhita-svaroop, jisako jarman bhasha mean ‘UR-Brahmana
  19. khonda, histri aph indiyan litarechar, ve.li., bhag 1, pri. 360
  20. aitarey brahman 3.2
  21. aitarey brahman 8.4
  22. aitareyalochan, kalakatta, 1906 prishth 42
  23. aitareyalochan, kalakatta, 1906, prishth 71
  24. aitarey brahman (8.3.2
  25. aitarey brahman 8.4.9
  26. 'rritan vav diksha satyan diksha tasmadh dikshiten satyamev vaditavyamh'.
  27. 'vidusha satyamev vaditavyamh'(5.2.9). 'yaan vai dripto vadati, yamunmatt: sa vai rakshasi vakh'(2.1).
  28. aitarey brahman, 33.1
  29. 'agnirvai devanamavamo vishnu: paramastadantaren anya: sarva: devata:'.
  30. 's vai devanamojishtho balishth: sahishth: sattam: parayishnutam:'(7.16).
  31. aitarey brahman (1.1.6; 3.3.9; 5.2.4; 6.3.4
  32. ‘vakch vai manashch devanaan mithunamh’(24.4) .
  33. aitarey brahman 1.1
  34. khonda, histri indiyan litarechar:ve.li., bhag 1, pri.410

sanbandhit lekh

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shrutiyaan
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a   a    i    ee    u    oo    e    ai    o   au    aan    k   kh    g    gh    n    ch    chh    j    jh    n    t    th    d   dh    n    t    th    d    dh    n    p    ph    b    bh    m    y    r    l    v    sh    sh    s    h    ksh    tr    jn    rri    rri    aau    shr   aah



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